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161.
大灰厂跨断层形变资料的地震信息识别 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用具有明显物理意义的断层蠕动模型在充分考虑可能存在的干扰因素影响的基础上,对大灰石台跨断层地形变资料在1989年大同地震前后出现的较大幅度变化进行了异常属性分析。结果表明,这个时期的异常变化尽管叠加有一定的降雨影响,但蠕动模型计算得出的地表变化理论值与实际变化有一定程度的符合,显示出在区域应力场作用下,八宝山断层局部地段在大同地震前后可能存在着与区域应力场应力增强及应力调理有关的构造活动。 相似文献
162.
James R. Rice 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1983,121(3):443-475
Constitutive relations for fault slip are described and adopted as a basis for analyzing slip motion and its instability in
the form of earthquakes on crustal faults. The constitutive relations discussed include simple rate-independent slip-weakening
models, in which shear strength degrades with ongoing slip to a residual frictional strength, and also more realistic but
as yet less extensively applied slip-rate and surface-state-dependent relations. For the latter the state of the surface is
characterized by one or more variables that evolve with ongoing slip, seeking values consistent with the current slip rate.
Models of crustal faults range from simple, single-degree-of-freedom spring-slider systems to more complex continuous systems
that incorporate nonuniform slip and locked patches on faults of depth-dependent constitutive properties within elastic lithospheric
plates that may be coupled to a viscoelastic asthenosphere.
Most progress for the rate and state-dependent constitutive relations is at present limited to single-degree-of-freedom systems.
Results for stable and unstable slip with the various constitutive models are summarized. Instability conditions are compared
for spatially uniform versus nonuniform slip, including the elastic — brittle crack limit of the nonuniform mode. Inferences
of constitutive and fracture parameters are discussed, based on earthquake data for large ruptures that begin with slip at
depth, concentrating stress on locked regions within a brittle upper crust. Results of nonlinear stability theory, including
regimes of complex sustained stress and slip rate oscillations, are outlined for rate and state-dependent constitutive relations,
and the manner in which these allow phenomena like time-dependent failure, restrengthening in nearly stationary contact, and
weakening in rapidly accelerated slip, is discussed. 相似文献
163.
水泄铜钴矿区地质条件较为复杂,控矿因素较多,通过分析认为主要受断层及岩性控制,地层初始富集,构造及区域变质作用提供通道及热源。水的循环、溶解作用形成热卤水成矿。 相似文献
164.
Few building codes contains provisions fault surface ruptures and accompanying soil deformations which constitutes a great risk to human lives, buildings and infrastructure. A numerical and experimental comparison show a fair agreement of result. Analysis of “real” scale show the how water increases the incompressibility of wet soil causing shear deformations to become larger and conjugate ruptures to appear for reverse faults. Field observations and numerical analysis indicates that horizontal compression of soil surrounding underground structures should be taken into account in design. 相似文献
165.
Bihong Fu Xinglin Lei Khaled Hessami Yoshiki Ninomiya Takashi Azuma Hisao Kondo 《Journal of Geodynamics》2007,44(3-5):160-172
The December 26, 2003 Mw 6.6 Bam earthquake is one of the most disastrous earthquakes in Iran. QuickBird panchromatic and multispectral satellite imagery with 61 cm and 2.4 m ground resolution, respectively provide new insights into the surface rupturing process associated with this earthquake. The results indicate that this earthquake produced a 2–5 km-wide surface rupture zone with a complex geometric pattern. A 10-km-long surface rupture zone developed along the pre-existing Bam fault trace. Two additional surface rupture zones, each 2–5 km long, are oblique to the pre-existing Bam fault in angles of 20–35°. An analysis of geometric and geomorphic features also shows that movement on the Bam fault is mainly right-lateral motion with some compressional component. This interpretation is consistent with field investigations, analysis of aftershocks as well as teleseismic inversion. Therefore, we suggest that the 2003 Bam earthquake occurred on the Bam fault, and that the surface ruptures oblique to the Bam fault are caused by secondary faulting such as synthetic shears (Reidel shears). Our fault model for the Bam earthquake provides a new tectonic scenario for explaining complex surface deformations associated with the Bam earthquake. 相似文献
166.
A. M. F. Lagmay K. S. Rodolfo F. P. Siringan H. Uy C. Remotigue P. Zamora M. Lapus R. Rodolfo J. Ong 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2007,69(7):797-809
The 1991 Pinatubo eruption left 5–6 km3 of debris on the volcano slopes, much of which has been mobilized into large lahars in the following rainy seasons. Also
during the eruption, collapse, localized in part along preexisting faults, left a caldera 2.5 km in diameter that almost immediately
began to accumulate a 1.6 × 108 m3 lake. By 2001, the water had risen to the fault-controlled Maraunot Notch, the lowest, northwestern portion of the caldera
rim comprising the physiographic sill of the Caldera Lake. That year, a narrow artificial canal dug into an old volcanic breccia
underlying the outlet channel failed to induce a deliberate lake breakout, but discharge from heavy rains in July 2002 rapidly
deepened the notch by 23 m, releasing an estimated 6.5 × 107 m3 of lake water that bulked up into lahars with a volume well in excess of 1.6 × 108 m3. Lakes in other volcanoes have experienced multiple breakouts, providing practical motivation for this study. Fieldwork and
high-resolution digital elevation models reveal andesites and ancient lacustrine deposits, strongly fractured and deformed
along a segment of the Maraunot Fault, a prominent, steeply dipping, left-lateral fault zone that trends N35°–40°W within
and parallel to the notch. Seismicity in 1991 demonstrated that the Maraunot Fault is still active. The fault zone appears
to have previously been the erosional locus for a large channel, filled with avalanche or landslide deposits of an earlier
eruption that were exhumed by the 2002 breakout floods. The deformed lacustrine sediments, with an uncalibrated 14C age of 14,760 ± 40 year BP from a single charcoal sample, attest to the existence of an earlier lake, possibly within the
Tayawan Caldera, rim remnants of which survive as arcuate escarpments. That lake may well have experienced one or more ancient
breakouts as well. The 2002 event greatly reduced the possibility of another such event by scouring away the erodible breccia,
leaving less erodible fractured andesites and lacustrine rocks, and by enlarging the outlet channel and its discharge capacity.
Several lines of evidence indicate, however, that future lahar-generating lake breakouts at the notch may keep populations
of Botolan municipality downstream at risk: (1) a volume of 9.5 × 107 m3 of lake water remains perched 0.8 km above sea level; (2) seismicity in 1991 demonstrated that the Maraunot Fault is still
active and movements of sufficient magnitude could enlarge the outlet and the discharge through it; (3) more likely, however,
with or without earthquake activity, landslides from the steep to overhanging channel walls could block the channel again,
and a major rainstorm could then cause a rise in lake level and sudden breakouts; (4) intrusion of a new dome into the bottom
of the lake, possibly accompanied by phreatic explosions, could expel large volumes of lahar-generating water. 相似文献
167.
168.
考虑利用卫星像片进行制图问题,对于需要两张或更多张卫片才能覆盖的地区进行连续制图时,需要研究多张卫片的图像镶嵌问题,利用二面投影原理对卫片原的镶嵌问题进行了研究,主要考虑两张相邻卫片的几何配准问题。 相似文献
169.
170.
利用Fourier Bessel级数展开法,给出了表面具有覆盖层的圆弧形凹陷地形对入射平面SV波散射问题的一个解析解,并利用该解分析了不同深宽比凹陷地形表面覆盖层刚度和厚度对入射SV波的影响.结果表明,凹陷地形表面覆盖层的存在,即使厚度很薄,也会显著增加对入射SV波的放大作用,该放大作用可达到单一凹陷地形的2.5倍以上.覆盖层刚度和厚度的变化对入射平面SV波也具有很大影响. 相似文献