Perturbation of the Plane-Wave Reflectivity of A Depth-Dependent Elastic Medium By Weak Inhomogeneities     

M. Dietrich  F. Kormendi 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,100(2):203-214

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新密大平—超化滑动构造特征分析     

李诗芳  刘淑红  姚巧芝  刘建周 《河南国土资源》2001,(2)

本文从边界构造、滑动形态特征与力学性质、滑动系统、下伏系统、运动方向等方面 ,系统地分析研究了新密大平—超化滑动构造的总体特征。新密大平—超化滑动构造南北以背斜为界 ,东西受断层切割 ;滑面具有穿层现象且次级滑面发育 ;其力学性质为压扭性 ,南翼还兼有张性 ;滑动系统总体表现为向斜构造 ;滑动方向晚期呈现出先南后北的特征。  相似文献   

山区公路测设长度综合变形问题的研究     

刘传志 《测绘工程》2007,16(4):60-62

在分析公路控制测量长度综合变形来源、允许数值及国家统一坐标系统适用程度和范围的基础上,结合山区公路测量的特殊性,以贵州省板坝至江底公路某合同段坐标系选择为例,提出了山区公路测量坐标系选择方法,能较好地满足工程实际需求。  相似文献   

一种邻接区域平面元融合的桥面分割方法     

张兴岩  李琦  梁栋  蒲洁 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(8):863-869

针对桥梁点云的桥面分割问题,提出一种邻接区域平面元融合的桥面分割方法。首先对点云进行体素化处理获得体素点云,利用超体素空间和法线约束准则进行桥梁点云过分割;然后利用面片法线的方向和模长进行面片过滤,获得包含桥面的候选面片;最后对候选面片进行邻接区域平面元融合,使用统计分布方法筛选融合区域,获得桥面点云。实验证明,该方法可以有效分割桥梁点云的桥面,稳定性较高且能保留体素化前的原始数据。相较于区域生长法和超体素区域生长法,该方法在跨区域融合方面有较好的抑制作用,更适用于桥梁点云的桥面分割。  相似文献   

2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震震前变形特征分析     

苑争一  赵静  牛安福 《中国地震》2022,38(3):389-398

2022年1月8日1时45分27秒青海海北藏族自治州门源县发生 M_S6.9地震,基于大地测量资料详细分析震源区的构造运动、应变演化以及深部变形特征,对于发震机理及震后危险性分析具有重要的意义。本文利用1991—2016、2017—2020期中国大陆地区GNSS速度场,分析了青藏高原东北缘各断裂带的运动学特征、门源地震震中和周边区域的地壳应变及其动态演化特征;结合剖面投影和非线性拟合算法,定量计算了托莱山、冷龙岭断裂的滑动速率和闭锁深度,得到以下认识:①青藏高原东北缘不同断裂带的运动学特征差异较大,整体以地壳缩短运动为主,局部区域伴随旋转运动; ②震中位于面膨胀率和最大剪应变率高值区的边缘,与前人关于强震地点的认识基本一致; ③区域应变参数的时空演化过程显示,震中附近应变特征整体变化不大,表明断层可能处在孕震晚期阶段; ④托莱山断裂带具有较高的滑动速率和闭锁深度,结合库仑应力的研究结果认为,该断裂未来一段时间的地震危险性仍值得关注。  相似文献   

基于高分辨率地形数据的断层陡坎形态演化与强震活动关系研究     

石霖  郑文俊  张岩  杨敬钧  张冬丽  黄荣  彭慧  毕海芸  唐清 《中国地震》2022,38(3):472-485

断层陡坎的形态可以保存有关断层带上地震活动等重要信息,陡坎上的坡折就是多次地震发生后陡坎演化留下的微地貌信息。以往研究选取的断层陡坎多为位于标准阶地面上的断层陡坎,而断层沿线地貌现象复杂,因此需要探索一种具有普适性的断层陡坎形态研究方法。本研究将常见的断层陡坎剖面按照形态划分为三种类型,以LiDAR技术获取的0.2m分辨率DEM数据为基础,选择了8个属于不同断层陡坎剖面类型的实验区,每个实验区采集不少于20条剖面,通过窗口检验确定研究区最佳数据获取移动窗口为7个像元并计算每条剖面的坡度值,通过坡度约束限定陡坎范围,进而识别坡折并获取坡折信息。对坡折信息进行概率密度统计,根据概率密度统计图中的峰值个数确定强震事件的次数。结果显示,陡坎形态研究结果与古地震探槽结果表现出较好的一致性,表明本文提出的陡坎形态研究方法可以适用于不同类型断层陡坎来确定强震事件次数。  相似文献   

P-wave velocity structure in the crust and the uppermost mantle of Chao Lake region of the Tan-Lu Fault inferred from teleseismic arrival time tomography          下载免费PDF全文

Bem Shadrach Terhemba  Huajian Yao  Song Luo  Lei Gao  Haijiang Zhang  Junlun Li 《地震科学（英文版）》2022,35(6):427-447

Chao Lake is a Geoheritage site on the active Tan-Lu Fault between the Yangtze craton, the North China craton, and the Dabie orogenic belt in the southeast. This segment of the fault is not well constrained at depth partly due to the overprinting of the fault zone by intrusive materials and its relatively low seismic activity and sparse seismic station coverage. This study took advantage of a dense seismic array deployed around Chao Lake to delineate the P-wave velocity variations in the crust and uppermost mantle using teleseismic earthquake arrival time tomography. The station-pair double-difference with waveform cross-correlation technique was employed. We used a multiscale resolution 3-D initial model derived from the combination of high-resolution 3-D v_S models within the region of interest to account for the lateral heterogeneity in the upper crust. The results revealed that the velocity of the upper crust is segmented with structures trending in the direction of the strike of the fault. Sedimentary basins are delineated on both sides of the fault with slow velocities, while the fault zone is characterized by high velocity in the crust and uppermost mantle. The high-velocity structure in the fault zone shows characteristics of magma intrusion that may be connected to the Mesozoic magmatism in and around the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYMB), implying that the Tan-Lu fault might have formed a channel for magma intrusion. Magmatic material in Chao Lake is likely connected to the partial melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization of the uppermost mantle and the lower crustal rocks. The intrusions, however, seem to have suffered severe regional extension along the Tan-Lu fault driven by the eastward Paleo-Pacific plate subduction, thereby losing its deep trail due to extensional erosion.  相似文献   

三维激光扫描技术与断层面形貌量化分析在基岩区古地震研究中的应用     

邹俊杰  何宏林  耿爽  石峰  周永胜  孙稳 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(1):56-67

由于对第四纪地层的严重依赖,传统古地震探槽研究方法在基岩区难以发挥作用,导致无法获取基岩区断层的强震活动历史。本研究以山西地堑系的交城断裂为目标断裂,以断裂北段2处基岩断层面为研究对象,通过三维激光扫描技术获取基岩断层面高精度形貌,基于变差函数法结合滑动窗口操作量化断层表面形貌特征,开展在基岩区提取断裂古地震信息的实例研究。结果显示,2处基岩断层面的形貌在高度上具有明显的分段特征,指示了断层面在地震事件作用下的分段出露过程。这种断层面形貌分段特征可以用来识别古地震事件和同震位移量。在思西村基岩断层面上,识别出由老到新的3次古地震事件,同震倾滑位移量依次为2.0 m、1.9 m和2.3 m,在上兰镇基岩断层面上,识别出由老到新的3次古地震事件,同震倾滑位移量依次为1.4 m、2.5 m和2.0 m,指示了交城断裂北、中段具有产生同震位移量大于2 m、震级大于7.5级的破裂型地震的能力。上述研究成果表明,基于三维激光扫描和形貌量化分析方法开展基岩断层面古地震研究,可以准确而高效地识别古地震事件次数和同震位移量,扩展古地震的研究对象,拓宽古地震的研究空间。在未来的研究中,可以适时地开展宇宙成因核素测年以测定断层面的暴露年龄,获得发震年代,给予地震序列年龄框架。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起东缘下切谷特征及其形成机制     

秦磊  李小刚  邱子瑶  李志军  徐少华  李仪汶  陈岑  汪佳蓓  文思奇 《现代地质》2021,35(3):832-840

下切谷是层序地层学研究的重要内容之一,同时也是寻找地层、岩性等圈闭的有利地区。综合利用钻测井、三维地震资料以及地震平面属性信息,在车排子凸起至红—车断裂带区域识别出下切谷沉积体系,对下切谷的发育特征以及形成机制进行分析,结果表明:地震振幅绝对值之和属性体显示研究区发育4条近东西流向的下切谷,主要表现为分支型和单一型的平面形态特征。在地震剖面上,几何形态以V形和U形为主,谷内沉积物充填样式有双向上超充填型和侧向加积充填型,同时具有加积、前积和上超等地震反射特征,属于“顺源堆积”与“溯源堆积”的交互沉积。结合准噶尔盆地车排子凸起中生代构造及气候演化特征分析认为,凸起东缘下切谷形成于晚侏罗世。该时期车排子凸起强烈隆升,相对湖平面急剧下降,河流侵蚀下伏地层导致下切谷形成。下切谷内沉积充填阶段发生在白垩纪。该时期车排子凸起剧烈下沉,相对湖平面上升,下切谷持续性的接受沉积充填。  相似文献   

Estimation of the Cenozoic Strike-slip Displacement for Major Faults in the Liaodong Bay Depression and its Geological SignificanceEI北大核心CSCD     

Li W.  Ping M.  Zhou D.  Wu K.  Zhang J.  Fang L.  Chen X. 《大地构造与成矿学》2018,(3):445-454

Estimation of the strike-slip displacement of faults in basins or covered regions has always been a hot and knotty issue. Based on the fine interpretation of 3D seismic data, we estimated the strike-slip displacements of the Cenozoic evolutionary stages of the main faults in the Liaodong Bay Depression, and analyzed their geological significance, using methods of physical modeling experiments and structural analysis. The results showed that two thirds of the strike-slip displacements of the major faults were converted into the horizontal displacement of those secondary extension faults in the Liaodong Bay Depression. It should be noted that the Liaodong Bay Depression isn't a pure strike-slip basin, and its Cenozoic evolution also influenced by extension, thus, extension amount produced by mantle upwelling should be detracted. Strike-slip movements were generated in the depositional stage of the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation, and the strike-slip displacements of major faults in different evolution stages vary considerably. In terms of the Cenozoic cumulative strike-slip displacement, the displacement of faults in the Liaozhong Sag is the largest, followed by those in the Liaodong Sag, and those in the Liaoxi Sag is the smallest. Among all of the faults, the Liaozhong1 fault had the largest strike-slip displacement. As to the displacement in different stages, the strike-slip displacement of all major faults showed the largest displacement in depositional stage of the Dongying Formation. The Neogene strike-slip displacement of faults is bigger than that of the depositional stage of the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation in the Liaoxi region, while it showed an opposite trend in the eastern Liaodong Bay Depression. The difference of relative strength between extensional and strike-slip stress controlled the difference of structural styles and basin structures in different evolution stages and structural locations in the Liaodong Bay Depression. The Cenozoic strong strike-slip effects in the Liaozhong and Liaodong Sag were presented by the obvious strike-slip characteristics on major faults and structural styles. In the Liaoxi Sag, the obvious “extension strike-slip” superimposed structural style was caused by the extension effects in the early Paleogene and strike-slip effects of the Dongying Formation and Neogene. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.  相似文献