罗马尼亚Mircea Voda剖面黄土粒度特征及其成因指示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

年秀清  韩凤清  韩继龙  毛庆飞  郭晖 《盐湖研究》2018,26(3):20-25

Mircea Voda剖面是欧洲典型的黄土剖面之一,本文对Mircea Voda黄土剖面序列S0-S3进行了系统的粒度分析,并与中国黄土高原典型的黄土剖面洛川剖面、西峰剖面等进行了对比研究。结果显示,黄土粒度组成以粒径为4μm-63μm粉砂为主,其平均含量为78. 22%,呈现出风成成因的基本特征,且不同深度样品的粒度组成具有较高的均一性,显示该区黄土具有相同的物质来源。粒度频率曲线呈现为以突出的第一众数20μm～35μm,分选较好的单峰正偏态分布特征,说明粉尘在沉积之前经过了充分的混合。粒级主要组分集中在粗粒端,但在细粒端1μm附近存在第2个分量,这种特征与中国黄土高原黄土的粒度特征十分相似。计算得沉积物环境判别参数Y值均小于-2. 741 1,通过与水成沉积物判别值Y的比较,进一步证实了Mircea Voda剖面黄土为风成成因特征。  相似文献   

Estimation of rice grain yield from dual-polarization Radarsat-2 SAR data by integrating a rice canopy scattering model and a genetic algorithm     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2017

Fast and accurate estimation of rice yield plays a role in forecasting rice productivity for ensuring regional or national food security. Microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data has been proved to have a great potential for rice monitoring and parameters retrieval. In this study, a rice canopy scattering model (RCSM) was revised and then was applied to simulate the backscatter of rice canopy. The combination of RCSM and genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed for retrieving two important rice parameters relating to grain yield, ear length and ear number density, from a C-band, dual-polarization (HH and HV) Radarsat-2 SAR data. The stability of retrieved results of GA inversion was also evaluated by changing various parameter configurations.Results show that RCSM can effectively simulate backscattering coefficients of rice canopy at HH and HV mode with an error of <1 dB. Reasonable selection of GA’s parameters is essential for stability and efficiency of rice parameter retrieval. Two rice parameters are retrieved by the proposed RCSM-GA technology with better accuracy. The rice ear length are estimated with error of <1.5 cm, and ear number density with error of <23 #/m². Rice grain yields are effectively estimated and mapped by the retrieved ear length and number density via a simple yield regression equation. This study further illustrates the capability of C-band Radarsat-2 SAR data on retrieval of rice ear parameters and the practicability of radar remote sensing technology for operational yield estimation.  相似文献   

Evaluation of grain shear stresses required to initiate movement of particles in natural rivers     

F. Petit 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1990,15(2):135-148

Shear stresses were evaluated at different sites on two rivers. The first (the Rulles) is characterized by a pebbly bedload and a meandering bed with riffles and pools. The second (the Rouge Eau) has mainly a sandy rippled bed where meandering is well developed but also flat gravelly sectors without meandering system. Shear stresses calculated from friction velocities (τ*) using a redefined y₁ roughness height parameter were compared with total shear stresses calculated from the energy grade line and the hydraulic radius (τ), Divergence between these shear stresses seems to increase in the presence of bedforms and large-scale irregularities of the channel. The τ*/τ ratio is close to 0·5 in the gravelly sector of the Rouge Eau and reaches 0·65 in the riffles of the Rulles (generally located at the inflexion point of the meanders), while it is less than 0·3 in the pools of the same river (located in the loops) and only 0·2 in the sandy rippled sector of the Rouge Eau. Grain and bedform shear stresses were evaluated at these same sites by different methods. The grain shear stress (τ') represents on average 30 per cent of the total shear stress in the riffles of the Rulles and the gravelly sector of the Rouge Eau, but less than 15 per cent in the pools in the Rulles and the sandy sectors of the Rouge Eau. However, it emerges from experiments conducted with marked pebbles and in situ observations of erosion and transport of sandy and gravelly particles, that the grain shear stresses are underestimated and cannot explain the movements and modifications actually observed. Conversely, shear stresses calculated from friction velocities at the sites where erosion actually occurred (or failed to occur despite very high velocities) provide a better explanation of the observed movements.  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠石英氧同位素与粒级关系的研究     

张峰  付旭东 《地质论评》2016,62(1):73-82

沙漠与黄土的物源联系是黄土研究关注的问题之一。石英氧同位素可示踪物源,粒度被用以分析沉积环境,但在沙漠物源研究中将二者结合应用的报道尚不多。本文测定了塔克拉玛干沙漠沙丘沙和沙丘剖面中河湖相沉积物的粒度及不同粒级的石英氧同位素,结果显示:1沙丘沙以极细砂和细砂为主,粉砂和黏土含量很低;河湖相沉积物以粉砂和黏土为主,砂含量低于5%。2各粒级石英δ~(18)OSMOW值介于13.8‰~19.7‰,其中沙丘沙为13.8‰~19.7‰,河湖相沉积物为15.6‰~17.6‰;沙丘沙石英δ~(18)O值随粒级增大未呈现减小趋势,同一粒级石英的δ~(18)O值存在一定变异。3经比较,塔克拉玛干沙漠砂和粉砂粒级的石英δ~(18)O值均高于中国其他沙漠,且20μm的石英δ~(18)O值与黄土高原的马兰黄土、洛川黄土—古土壤序列20μm的石英δ~(18)O值并无显著性差异。  相似文献   

Microstructural evidence for the transition from dislocation creep to dislocation-accommodated grain boundary sliding in naturally deformed plagioclase     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

We use quantitative microstructural analysis including misorientation analysis based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data to investigate deformation mechanisms of naturally deformed plagioclase in an amphibolite gabbro mylonite. The sample is from lower oceanic crust exposed near the Southwest Indian Ridge, and it has a high ratio of recrystallized matrix grains to porphyroclasts. Microstructures preserved in porphyroclasts suggest that early deformation was achieved principally by dislocation creep with subgrain rotation recrystallization; recrystallized grain (average diameter ∼8 μm) microstructures indicate that subsequent grain boundary sliding (GBS) was active in the continued deformation of the recrystallized matrix. The recrystallized matrix shows four-grain junctions, randomized misorientation axes, and a shift towards higher angles for neighbor-pair misorientations, all indicative of GBS. The matrix grains also exhibit a shape preferred orientation, a weak lattice preferred orientation consistent with slip on multiple slip systems, and intragrain microstructures indicative of dislocation movement. The combination of these microstructures suggest deformation by dislocation-accommodated GBS (DisGBS). Strain localization within the recrystallized matrix was promoted by a transition from grain size insensitive dislocation creep to grain size sensitive GBS, and sustained by the maintenance of a small grain size during superplasticity.  相似文献   

Past and future carbon sequestration benefits of China’s grain for green program     

《Global Environmental Change》2017

Carbon sequestration through ecological restoration programs is an increasingly important option to reduce the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. China’s Grain for Green Program (GGP) is likely the largest centrally organized land-use change program in human history and yet its carbon sequestration benefit has yet to be systematically assessed. Here we used seven empirical/statistical equations of forest biomass carbon sequestration and five soil carbon change models to estimate the total and decadal carbon sequestration potentials of the GGP during 1999–2050, including changes in four carbon pools: aboveground biomass, roots, forest floor and soil organic carbon. The results showed that the total carbon stock in the GGP-affected areas was 682 Tg C in 2010 and the accumulative carbon sink estimates induced by the GGP would be 1697, 2635, 3438 and 4115 Tg C for 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050, respectively. Overall, the carbon sequestration capacity of the GGP can offset about 3%–5% of China’s annual carbon emissions (calculated using 2010 emissions) and about 1% of the global carbon emissions. Afforestation by the GGP contributed about 25% of biomass carbon sinks in global carbon sequestration in 2000–2010. The results suggest that large-scale ecological restoration programs such as afforestation and reforestation could help to enhance global carbon sinks, which may shed new light on the carbon sequestration benefits of such programs in China and also in other regions.  相似文献   

Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Grain Size of Sediments from Hailing Bay, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丘耀文  朱良生  黎满球 《海洋通报(英文版)》2005,7(1):69-76

Introduction Hailing Bay located in western Guangdong province is an important marine aquaculture base and a famous scenic spot. Moyang River which flows across Yangjiang is the major runoff and polluted source in the sea area of Hailing Bay. Hailing Bank ( approximately 5 000 m ) which was built to connect Hailing Island and the continent in 1964 has blocked the natural circulation of suspended sand and pollutants in seawater. Water flux through the Yangjiang harbor extensively decreases …  相似文献   

Application of failure and fracture criteria during a tanker head-on collision     

A. Glykas  P. K. Das  N. Barltrop 《Ocean Engineering》2001,28(4):677

In this paper a discussion of three failure criteria during a tanker collision takes place. The ‘Fracture Criterion’ developed recently [Glykas, A., Samouelides, E., Das, P.K. (1996) Energy absorption capacity of plates under lateral loading. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Los Angeles '96, Vol. IV, pp. 502–509.], deals with the amount of energy required so that arbitrary crack propagation originates from microscopic material flaws of the steel structure, in areas of high strain concentration during large deflections. This fracture criterion is applied in critical areas of a tanker bow structure during head-on collision with a vertical rigid body and its validity is examined in comparison to other two state of the art failure criteria. The penetration of the tanker vessel as well as the time to rest from the initiation of the collision are determined in relation to the failure criteria.  相似文献   

Role of Siliceous Fossil Dissolution in Downcore Variations of Grain Size and Water Content: Western Margin of Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, NE Equatorial Pacific     

Hoi-Soo Jung  Kap-Sik Jeong  Yong-Shik Chu  Sung-Hyun Park  Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195

Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors.  相似文献   

中国东北地区显生宙岩浆作用和洋-陆格局及其与气候演变的关系SCIEI北大核心CSCD     

杨浩  葛文春  纪政  井佳浩  董玉  景妍 《岩石学报》2022,38(5):1443-1459

显生宙期间,地球经历了温室-冰室气候的周期性交替变化。在数百万年的时间尺度,这种古气候的转变被认为是碳源和碳汇过程耦合的结果,但一直以来关于两者贡献程度的认识尚不明确。通过全球统计分析,不同学者提出大陆弧火山脱气模型和热带弧-陆碰撞模型用于解释整个显生宙古气候的演变,分别强调了碳源和碳汇的一级控制作用。为了检验上述模型,更好地理解古气候的转变机制和演化细节,本文系统总结了中国东北地区显生宙岩浆作用-矽卡岩型矿床的时空展布和构造背景,以及弧-陆碰撞的时代、规模和古地理位置,通过数据统计和作图对比,发现东北地区岩浆作用-矽卡岩成矿峰期、弧-陆碰撞缝合带的时空迁移与大气圈CO_(2)浓度和大陆冰川沉积有很好的对应关系,暗示东北显生宙构造-岩浆过程和古气候演变的内在联系。综合东北地区及全球的研究进展,本文提出如下倾向性认识:1)洋-陆俯冲过程中火山-变质脱气的强度决定了CO_(2)排放量,而热带区域弧-陆碰撞缝合带的规模决定了全球硅酸盐风化速率和CO_(2)吸收量,在地质演化过程中两者紧密联动,共同控制了显生宙古气候的演变;2)大陆弧岩浆作用的全球爆发不一定能造成温室气候的出现,如果缺乏充分矽卡岩变质脱碳反应,大陆弧CO_(2)排放通量与岛弧、大洋中脊和板内并无显著区别;3)SO_(2)属于短期效应气体,理论和实例研究均暗示爆发式火山作用难以诱发大冰期的形成,火山作用之于长期气候应该仍是促使地球升温而非变冷。  相似文献