Elastic model for the gravity and elevation changes before the 2001 eruption of Etna volcano     

Daniele Carbone  Gilda Currenti  Ciro Del Negro 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2007,69(5):553-562

For 5 months before the 2001 Mt. Etna eruption, a progressive gravity decrease was measured along a profile of stations on the southern slope of the volcano. Between January and July 2001, the amplitude of the change reached 80 μGal, while the wavelength of the anomaly was of the order of 15 km. Elevation changes observed through GPS measurements during a period encompassing the 5-month gravity decrease, remained within 4–6 cm over the entire volcano and within 2–4 cm in the zone covered by the microgravity profile. We review both gravity and elevation changes by a model assuming the formation of new cracks, uniformly distributed in a rectangular prism. The inversion problem was formulated following a global optimization approach based on the use of Genetic Algorithms. Although it is possible to explain the observed gravity changes by means of the proposed analytical formulation, the results show that calculated elevation changes are significantly higher than those observed. Two alternative hypotheses are proposed to account for this apparent discrepancy: (1) that the assumptions behind the analytical formulation, used to invert the data, are fallacious at Etna, and thus, numerical models should be utilized; (2) that a second process, enabling a considerable mass decrease to occur without deformation, acted together with the formation of new cracks in the source volume.  相似文献   

A decade of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN): scientific achievements, new techniques and future directions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G. Chisham  M. Lester  S. E. Milan  M. P. Freeman  W. A. Bristow  A. Grocott  K. A. McWilliams  J. M. Ruohoniemi  T. K. Yeoman  P. L. Dyson  R. A. Greenwald  T. Kikuchi  M. Pinnock  J. P. S. Rash  N. Sato  G. J. Sofko  J.-P. Villain  A. D. M. Walker 《Surveys in Geophysics》2007,28(1):33-109

  相似文献   

新疆乌什地震带断裂研究的综合地球物理方法          下载免费PDF全文

史丽艳  朱传庆  杨书江  杨大克 《地震工程学报》2007,29(2):156-160

本文介绍了重力、磁力、大地电磁测深、地震等地球物理资料与地震相关的活动断裂的识别标志,并以新疆乌什地震带为例分析了综合各种物探资料研究活动断裂的方法。结果显示根据不同的研究目的选择合适的针对性方法可以较好的获得断裂的展布、深部或者活动性等特征。  相似文献   

Influence of vertical ground motion on seismic-induced displacements of gravity structures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrzej Sawicki  W&#x;odzimierz Chybicki  Marek Kulczykowski 《Computers and Geotechnics》2007,34(6):485-497

A method enabling assessment of seismic-induced movements of gravity block is proposed. This method is based on dynamic analysis of the block subjected to both horizontal and vertical ground accelerations, and resultant forces acting on the block. There are two kinds of the motion. The first one is trivial, as it is a common motion of the block and subsoil. The second is a relative motion of the block with respect to subsoil, depending on combination of ground accelerations and the resultant of horizontal forces. Attention is focused on the influence of vertical ground motion on seismic-induced displacements of the structure. Experimental investigations performed in order to validate a numerical algorithm are described, and then experimental data are compared with numerical predictions. A good agreement is obtained. Then, the dynamics analysis of the block is presented for harmonic and pseudo-stochastic ground motions in order to illustrate the algorithm proposed. The results of computations show that, for some typical data and ground accelerations corresponding to strong earthquakes, large permanent displacements of the block take place, as observed in real conditions.  相似文献   

三峡水库首次蓄水引起的重力变化及其机制的初步研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

孙少安  项爱民  朱平  申重阳 《地震学报》2006,28(5):485-492

介绍了三峡工程蓄水前后的精密重力测量和坝区库水荷载、地壳变形、地下水位变化以及降雨等各种因素引起的重力效应. 研究表明:①库坝地区:水荷载的重力效应最为显著， 最大重力变化约为200times;10-8m/s2； 地壳变形的重力效应存在，但量级和范围均有限，其影响范围离库岸约5 km；地下水位变化的重力效应则只存在于局部地带，不具区域性；降雨对精密重力测量结果的影响不容忽视. ②库首地区:最大重力变化区域在香溪附近，蓄水后的重力场变化需要继续监视和深入研究.   相似文献   

中国布格重力异常水平梯度图的判读和构造解释   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26       下载免费PDF全文

马宗晋  高祥林  宋正范 《地球物理学报》2006,49(1):106-144

分析和对比中国大陆布格重力异常水平梯度的彩色图像，得到一些新的构造特征信息. 大致以105°E为界，图像的东部以蓝色低梯度为背景，出现中、高梯度带状构造和大梯度差值边界的线状构造；西部以高、中梯度的带状构造为格架，镶嵌着低梯度区，区内有阴影线状构造. 总体上，重力异常水平梯度构造可概括为三大组. 第一组是NNE向的大兴安岭、太行山、武陵山高梯度带与斜切东部全区的郯庐大断裂带和NNW向的斜切西部全区的三条大断裂带；第二组为西部的NWW向与NEE向高、中梯度带的交叉构造格局，以及东部近于等间距的三条NWW向断续的阴影构造带和一条单一的构造线，而华南则仅有NE向的低梯度构造线；第三组是横贯全区的的几条近EW向和中部SN向宽而复杂的构造带，在后者的东、西两侧散臣着大间距、小长度、断续的SN向阴影构造线. 这三组重力梯度构造不仅反映了地貌起伏的信息，而且显示了大区域构造，特别是深部构造的密度差. 各组线状构造带的内部结构和各组的形成时间及演变历史可能不同，但它们相互复合构成现今总体的构造格局，对大尺度现代构造应力场作用都会有不同的响应，因此导致主应力方向的区域性变化.  相似文献   

1997~2001年华北地区的重力场变化和昆仑山口西8.1级地震          下载免费PDF全文

李清林  秦建增  张晓普 《地震工程学报》2003,25(1):74-76

昆仑山口西8．1级地震前华北地区的重力场发生了明显的异常变化，说明在较大地震之前可以出现较大范围的反映明显的前兆异常(场兆)。目前华北地区重力场的异常变化仍然存在，可能意味看西部仍有发生7～8级地震的可能性。  相似文献   

我国海域大地水准面的计算及其与大陆大地水准面拼接的研究和实施   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

陈俊勇  李健成  晁定波  宁津生 《地球物理学报》2003,46(1):31-35

研究和实施了由卫星测高数据计算垂线偏差，用莫洛 金斯基（Molodensky）公式反演 大地水准面高，由此求得我国海域大地水准面高. 为了检核，将测高垂线偏差利用逆维宁迈 纳斯（Vening Meinesz）公式反演重力异常，与海上船测重力值进行了外部检核；同时还用 司托克斯（Stokes）公式，将上述反演的重力异常计算大地水准面高，与莫洛金斯基公式直 接解得的相应结果进行比较作为内部检核. 在积分计算中充分应用了FFT的严格公式.由重力和GPS水准数据确定的陆地大地水准面，和主要由卫星测高数据确定的海洋大地水准 面，二者之间一般都存在以系统误差为主的拼接差，本文分析了产生这一现象的主要原因, 并结合我国在陆海大地水准面拼接区重力资料稀疏的实际，提出了新的拼接技术，最后将拟 合参数校正中国全部海域的重 力大地水准面，以最大限度地削弱拼接点和制约测高海洋大地水准面可能存在的系统误差.  相似文献   

Space-wise approach to satellite gravity field determination in the presence of coloured noise   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

F. Migliaccio  M. Reguzzoni  F. Sansò 《Journal of Geodesy》2004,78(4-5):304-313

For many years, the gravity field of the Earth was only seen by satellite geodesy as the main factor affecting the orbit and consequently it was retrieved together with a number of other orbital perturbations. Since the advent of a new generation of accelerometers, non-gravitational perturbations can be separated from the gravity effects and a new era of gravity field estimates from space has been born. During preparatory data analysis for new missions performed by the geodetic community, three approaches have been proposed and numerically tested: the brute force method (direct approach), the semi-analytical (time-wise) method and the space-wise method. In particular, the time-wise method takes advantage of the incoming time flow of data and, after performing a Fourier transform of the observation equations, exploits the prevailing block diagonal structure of the normal equations to estimate the spherical harmonic coefficients of the gravity field. Complementary to this is the space-wise approach, which goes back to the traditional computation of the harmonic coefficients by an integration technique or by least-squares collocation. Some advantages and disadvantages are peculiar to both methods, particularly the space-wise approach, which has for a long time ignored the marked signature of the noise spectrum due to the specific measuring conditions of space-borne accelerometers. The application of a proper Wiener filter, exploiting the correlation along the orbit, embedded into an iterative scheme, seems to be the answer. The solution to this major problem of the space-wise approach is illustrated and simulation results are discussed.  相似文献   

Integrated 3D geophysical and geological modelling of the Hercynian Suture Zone in the Champtoceaux area (south Brittany, France)     

G. Martelet  P. Calcagno  C. Gumiaux  C. Truffert  A. Bitri  D. Gapais  J. P. Brun 《Tectonophysics》2004,382(1-2):117-128

This paper combines geological knowledge and geophysical imagery at the crustal scale to model the 3D geometry of a segment of the Hercynian suture zone of western Europe in the Champtoceaux area (Brittany, France). The Champtoceaux complex consists of a stack of metamorphic nappes of gneisses and micaschists, with eclogite-bearing units. The exhumation of the complex, during early Carboniferous times, was accompanied by deformation during regional dextral strike–slip associated with a major Hercynian shear zone (the South Armorican Shear Zone, SASZ). Dextral shearing produced a km-scale antiformal structure with a steeply dipping axial plane and a steeply eastward plunging axis. Armor 2 deep seismic profile shows that the regional structure was cut by a set of faults with northward thrusting components. Based on the seismic constraint, direct 2D crustal-scale modelling was performed throughout the Champtoceaux fold on seven radial gravity profiles, also using geological data, and density measurements from field and drill-hole samples. The 3D integration of the cross-sections, the digitised geological map, and the structural information (foliation dips) insure the geometrical and topological consistency of all sources of data. The 2D information is interpolated to the whole 3D space using a geostatistical analysis. Finally, the 3D gravity contribution of the resulting model is computed taking into account densities for each modelled geological body and compared to the Bouguer anomaly. The final 3D model is thus compatible with the seismic and gravity data, as well as with geological data. Main geological results derived from the modelling are (i) the overall 3D geometry of the south dipping thrust system interpreted on the seismic profile emphasises northward thrusting and folding of the Champtoceaux complex which was coeval with strike–slip along the South Armorican Shear Zone; (ii) the gravity modelling suggests the presence of a relatively dense body below the Champtoceaux complex that could be interpreted as a result of relative uplift of midcrustal material during thrusting along the E–W trending wrench–thrust system; (iii) the northern limb of the Champtoceaux anticline is a relatively shallow feature; and (iv) Vigneux synkinematic granitic body is a laccolith sheared and rooted along the southern branch of the SASZ and spreads away from the strike–slip zone within weak country-rocks.  相似文献