137Cs and 210Po in Pacific walrus and bearded seal from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska     

Hamilton T  Seagars D  Jokela T  Layton D 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(6):1158-1167

The activity concentration of Cesium-137 ((137)Cs) and naturally-occurring Polonium-210 ((210)Po) were measured in the muscle tissue, kidney and liver of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) and bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) collected by native hunters from the Bering Sea during May 1996. The mean (137)Cs concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney of Pacific walrus were 0.07, 0.09 and 0.07 Bq kg(-1) (n=5, wet weight), respectively, and 0.17, 0.10, and 0.17 Bq kg(-1) (n=2, wet weight), respectively, in bearded seal. In general, (137)Cs tissue concentrations are significantly lower than those previously reported for mammals from other regions. By comparison, (210)Po activity concentrations are more variable and appear to be higher level compared with mammal data from other regions. The mean (210)Po concentration in the muscle tissue, liver and kidney of Pacific walrus (n=5, wet weight) were 28.7, 189, and 174 Bq kg(-1), respectively. This compares with (210)Po concentration values (n=2, wet weight) of 27, 207 and 68 Bq kg(-1) measured in the muscle tissue, liver and kidney, of bearded seal, respectively. Estimated concentration factors--as defined by the radionuclide concentration ratio between the target tissue to that in sea water--were two to three orders of magnitude higher for (210)Po that those of (137)Cs. We conclude from radiological dose estimates that ingestion of (137)Cs in foods derived from walrus and seal will pose no threat to human health. This work has important implications for assessment of risks of Alaskan coastal communities concerned about the dumping of nuclear waste in the Russia Arctic.  相似文献   

Nutrient availability in support of Karenia brevis blooms on the central West Florida Shelf: What keeps Karenia blooming?     

Gabriel A. Vargo  Cynthia A. Heil  Kent A. Fanning  L. Kellie Dixon  Merrie Beth Neely  Kristen Lester  Danylle Ault  Susan Murasko  Julie Havens  John Walsh  Steven Bell 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

Identifying nutrient sources, primarily nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), sufficient to support high biomass blooms of the red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, has remained problematic. The West Florida Shelf is oligotrophic, yet populations >10⁶ cells L⁻¹ frequently occur and blooms can persist for months. Here we examine the magnitude and variety of sources for N and P that are available to support blooms. Annual average in situ or background concentrations of inorganic N in the region where blooms occur range 0.02–0.2 μM while inorganic P ranges 0.025–0.24 μM. Such concentrations would be sufficient to support the growth of populations up to ∼3×10⁴ cells L⁻¹ with at least a 1 d turnover rate. Organic N concentrations average 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than inorganic N, 8–14 μM while organic P concentrations average 0.2–0.5 μM. Concentrations of organic N are sufficient to support blooms >10⁵ cells L⁻¹ but the extent to which this complex mixture of N species is utilizable is unknown. Other sources of nutrients included in our analysis are aerial deposition, estuarine flux, benthic flux, zooplankton excretion, N₂-fixation, and subsequent release of organic and inorganic N by Trichodesmium spp., and release of N and P from dead and decaying fish killed by the blooms. Inputs based on atmospheric deposition, benthic flux, and N₂-fixation, were minor contributors to the flux required to support growth of populations >2.6×10⁴ cells L⁻¹. N and P from decaying fish could theoretically maintain populations at moderate concentrations but insufficient data on the flux and subsequent mixing rates does not allow us to calculate average values. Zooplankton excretion rates, based on measured zooplankton population estimates and excretion rates could also supply all of the N and P required to support populations of 10⁵ and 10⁶ cells L⁻¹, respectively, but excretion is considered as “regenerated” nutrient input and can only maintain biomass rather than contribute to “new” biomass. The combined estuarine flux from Tampa Bay, Charlotte Harbor, and the Caloosahatchee River can supply a varying, but at times significant level of N and P to meet growth and photosynthesis requirements for populations of approximately 10⁵ cells L⁻¹ or below. Estimates of remineralization of dead fish could supply a significant proportion of bloom maintenance requirements but the rate of supply must still be determined. Overall, a combination of sources is required to maintain populations >10⁶ cells L⁻¹.  相似文献   

面板坝垂直缝及止水失效渗流场有限元模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

潘少华  毛新莹  白正雄 《岩土力学》2008,29(Z1):145-148

以金川面板堆石坝为例,用有限元方法计算了当面板缝及止水局部失效时各种工况下的渗流场,系统分析了大坝在面板垂直缝及止水局部失效后的稳定渗流场的规律和特点。采用无厚度的二维平面单元来模拟面板垂直缝及止水结构周边缝,同时采用理论上严密的Signorini型变分不等式方法进行求解,此方法能对渗流出渗点和浸润线进行准确定位。通过分析计算结果,指出了面板缝及止水结构周边缝的失效位置,失效缝宽对等势线、浸润线以及渗漏量的影响。为面板堆石坝接缝的设计提供参考。  相似文献   

Observation of edge waves trapped on the continental shelf in the vicinity of Makurazaki Harbor, Kyushu, Japan     

Takashi Yanuma  Yoshinobu Tsuji 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(1):9-18

Sea-bottom pressure gauges were used to measure sea levels at two points on the shelf off the southern coast of Satsuma Peninsula, Kyushu, Japan. Spectral analysis of the observed records and the tide-gauge record of Makurazaki Harbor revealed several predominant common peaks. At the same time, the eigenmodes for the trapped waves on the shelf and inside Makurazaki Bay were obtained numerically using a two-dimensional model, and the periods and the spatial distribution of amplitudes of the proper modes were obtained. A comparison of the calculated modes with the periods and phase patterns of the observed peaks clarified that peaks with periods of 19.5, 16, 13.3, and 12.2 minutes in the shelf region were the modes of standing-edge waves, and the peak with the period of 16 minutes in Makurazaki Harbor was the fundamental mode of the harbor. Among the modes of standing-edge waves, the mode of the period 16 minutes on the shelf had nearly the same period as that of the fundamental mode of Makurazaki Harbor. An analysis of changes of spectral densities of these two modes confirmed that the fundamental mode of the Makurazaki Harbor was induced by this standing-wave mode.  相似文献   

Fault seal prediction of seismic-scale normal faults in porous sandstone: A case study from the eastern Gulf of Suez rift,Egypt     

Christian Tueckmantel  Quentin J. Fisher  Rob J. Knipe  Henry Lickorish  Samir M. Khalil 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

A study of normal faults in the Nubian Sandstone Sequence, from the eastern Gulf of Suez rift, has been conducted to investigate the relationship between the microstructure and petrophysical properties of cataclasites developed along seismic-scale faults (slip-surface cataclasites) and smaller displacement faults (deformation bands) found in their damage zones. The results help to quantify the uncertainty associated with predicting the fluid flow behaviour of seismic-scale faults by analysing small faults recovered from core, a common procedure in the petroleum industry. The microstructure of the cataclasites was analysed as well as their single-phase permeability and threshold pressure. Faulting occurred at a maximum burial depth of ∼1.2 km. The permeability of deformation band and slip-surface cataclasites varies over ∼1.5 orders of magnitude for a given fault. Our results suggest that the lowest measured deformation band permeabilities provide a good estimate for the arithmetic-mean permeability of the major slip-surface cataclasites. This is because the cataclastic permeability reduction is mostly established early in the deformation history. Stress at the time of faulting rather than final strain appears to be the critical factor determining fault rock permeability. For viable predictions it is important that the slip-surface cataclasites and deformation bands originate from the same host. On the other hand, a higher uncertainty is associated with threshold pressure predictions, as the arithmetic-mean slip-surface cataclasite threshold pressure exceeds the highest measured deformation band threshold pressure by at least a factor of 4.  相似文献   

我国不同类型盆地高效大中型气田形成的主控因素   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

付广  吕延防  于丹 《地球科学》2007,32(1):82-88

利用天然气地质储量、含气面积和成藏时期, 定义和求取了气藏天然气聚集效率.通过我国60余个大中型气田天然气聚集效率的计算, 将其分为高效、中效和低效3种类型.通过天然气聚集效率与各种成藏条件叠合研究得到, 我国不同类型盆地高效大中型气田形成主要受源岩供气能力、输导层输导能力和天然气封盖保存能力的控制.要形成高效大中型气田, 源岩生气强度前陆盆地一般应大于80×108 m3/km2·Ma, 克拉通盆地一般应大于26×108 m3/km2·Ma, 裂谷盆地应大于60×108 m3/km2·Ma.输导层输导天然气能力前陆盆地和裂谷盆地应大于5×10-14 m/Pa·s, 克拉通盆地一般应大于6×10-12m/Pa·s.盖层封盖能力CSI前陆盆地一般应大于1×1010 m/s, 克拉通盆地一般应大于5×109 m/s, 裂谷盆地一般应大于3×1010 m/s.天然气成藏期前陆盆地一般应晚于古近纪中期, 而克拉通和裂谷盆地均应晚于古近纪早期.   相似文献   

某港口工程地基处理中的强夯影响范围研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程祖锋  孙秀娟  谌会芹 《工程地质学报》2007,15(1):88-91

强夯法是地基处理的一种常用方法,而确定强夯影响范围是强夯法应用的关键。结合某港口工程地基处理的实测资料,分析强夯振动在深度和广度上的影响范围,进而得出振动的位移、速度、加速度随距夯击点距离增大而逐渐衰减的曲线关系式。  相似文献   

基坑水泥搅拌桩帷幕止水施工质量控制     

林福林 《福建地质》2007,26(3):193-198

基坑止水,对基坑(特别是深基坑)开挖及地下结构施工至关重要。根据多年的工程施工实践,总结和分析用于基坑开挖止水的水泥搅拌桩施工工艺流程和质量控制方面的有关问题。  相似文献   

潮流作用下洋山港水域悬沙和底沙的交换   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈沈良  李向阳  俞航  谷国传 《海洋学研究》2008,26(1):11-17

通过对泥沙起动流速、淤积流速和不淤流速的计算,划定了悬沙和底沙交换的各个时段,提出了冲刷悬沙浓度、淤积悬沙浓度和不淤悬沙浓度的概念及其计算方法;继而导出了潮流作用下悬沙和底沙在交换层面上单位面积的日交换量计算式,并用于洋山港水域的冲淤计算。结果表明:自然状况下洋山港水域北部年淤积量为37.5 kg/m2,淤高了1.77 cm/a,属微淤;中部年冲刷量为10.0 kg/m2左右,刷深不超过0.52 cm/a,可认为冲淤平衡;南部年冲刷量为55.5 kg/m2,刷深了2.60 cm/a,属微冲。这一结果与该水域海床的自然冲淤状况相吻合。  相似文献   

厦门港的中华白海豚：Ⅰ.外部形态和内脏器官   总被引：9，自引：8，他引：9  

黄宗国  刘文华 《台湾海峡》1997,16(4):473-478

１９９７年月２４日至７月４日在厦门港获４只死亡的中华白海豚Ｓｏｕｓａ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ，雌，雄成体各１只，未长牙齿的，雌雄幼体各１只。对其体色及外部形态进行观察，并测定体长，体重，体围，鳍和齿式等２９个项目。进行解剖，测定脂肪厚度，心，肺，胃肠肝，肾和睾丸等内脏器官及胃含物。  相似文献