我国灾害遥感的作用、现状及发展     

阎守邕 《遥感学报》1990,(3)

本文从现代遥感技术系统的构成和特点出发,论述了遥感在减灾活动,包括预警、监测、评价和辅助决策中的重要作用。并在回顾我国灾害遥感现状的基础上,提出了今后发展的设想。作者认为:建立实用性的重大自然灾害遥感监测评价技术系统,是今后我国灾害遥感发展的中心环节和主要任务。该系统应包括航天遥感宏观监测系统,航空遥感全天候、实时监测系统,地面灾害及背景监测系统,灾害及背景数据库系统,灾害分析、评价与辅助决策系统以及灾害防治救援通讯指挥系统。  相似文献   

Estimation Losses from Future Earthquakes in China     

Chen Yong  Chen Xinlian  Fu Zhengxiang  Yin Zhiqian  and Yang MandongState Seismological Bureau  Beijing  China 《中国地震研究》1996,(3)

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中国沙漠化危险度评价与发展趋势分析   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19  

董玉祥 《中国沙漠》1996,16(2):127-131

利用文中建立的沙漠化危险度综合评价模型，首次对我国沙漠化涉及的２１２个县的沙漠化危害进度进行了评价，结果其危险度为７６个轻度、９３个中度和４３个重度。依据危险度对沙漠化未来发展程度的特有代表意义。  相似文献   

泥石流危险度评价的GIS与专家系统集成方法研究     

赵士鹏  周成虎  谢又予  许信旺 《遥感学报》1996,(3)

针对泥石流灾害的特点，提出了泥石流危险度评价的系统集成策略。即泥石流危险度评价集地理信息系统和专家系统为一体，采用公共接口模块的外连式结构进行集成，并具有较好的用户界面和构造特定的应用框架为用户导航，实施的中心环节是组分软件的优选、各组分间转换、访问函数的实现和特定应用框架的构造。通过建立孙胡沟流域的数据库和泥石流危险度评价的知识库，利用集成系统对孙胡沟流域泥石流危险度进行了评价。  相似文献   

珠海（磨刀门）大桥震害预测及对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陆建忠  梁永青 《华南地震》1995,15(3):87-94

按《公路工程抗震设计规范》（ＴＪＪ００４－８９）对珠海（磨刀门）大桥进行了抗震鉴定，结果表明大桥满足７度抗震设防要求，最后提出了抗震加固及设计新大桥时可供选用的一些措施。  相似文献   

利用航空摄影进行震害调查的精度估计   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

程家喻  王公学等 《地震地质》1995,17(1):89-95

统计了我国近３０ａ以来历次地震中主要震害目标的尺度和在各尺度段的概率，由目视判读原理讨论了在各种比例尺航片上对主要震害目标判读的概率。根据震害调查、损失评估要求和航空摄影的特点，建议在城市、乡镇和乡村等地震区的震害调查中，分别选用１：１００００、１：２００００、１：３００００的航摄比例尺，并根据震区的地形条件和经济状况予以调整。最后，讨论了利用航空摄影进行震害调查的误差来源，估计利用航空摄影方法对主要震害目标调查的精度可达８０％  相似文献   

现代地震灾害的特征与教训     

谭承业  冯启明 《地震研究》1995,18(2):204-212

本文根据最近十年全球发生的主要灾害性地震资料，研究了随着社会经济的快速发展和结构类型的日趋复杂，现代地震灾害所表现出的若干新的特征，为研究制订新的减灾措施提供依据。  相似文献   

Applicability of landslide susceptibility and hazard zoning at different scales   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Leonardo Cascini   《Engineering Geology》2008,102(3-4):164

Landslide susceptibility and hazard zoning can notably improve land-use planning, and thus can be considered an efficient way to reduce future damage and loss of lives caused by landslides. However, the lack of standard procedures restricts the use of susceptibility and hazard-zoning maps, notwithstanding their extensive development over the last decades.JTC-1, the Joint Technical Committee on Landslides and Engineered Slopes, fills this void by proposing International Guidelines for Landslide Susceptibility, Hazard and Risk Zoning for land-use planning, which provide definitions, terminology and international standards for methods, levels, scales and types of zoning. The Guidelines also promote the use of quantitative risk-management principles, essential to compare risk from landslides with risks related to other hazards and with loss of life tolerance criteria.This paper focuses on the applicability of landslide susceptibility and hazard zoning at different scales. Several zoning examples, referring to active, dormant and occasionally reactivated slides, provide insights into and highlight the relationships among different methods, levels and types of zoning. The examples also stress the importance of a correct characterization of the processes leading to landsliding to produce reliable susceptibility and hazard-zoning maps.  相似文献   

Spatial analysis and hazard assessment of mercury in soil around the coal-fired power plant: a case study from the city of Baoji, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xinwei Lu  Xiaopeng Yang  Lingqing Wang 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1389-1388

Based on systematic sampling of soil around the coal-fired power plant (CFPP), the content of Hg was determined, using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The result shows that the content of Hg in soil is different horizontally and vertically, ranges from 0.137 to 2.105 mg/kg (the average value is 0.606 mg/kg) and is more than the average content of Hg in Shaanxi, Chinese and world soil. In this study, spatial distribution and hazard assessment of mercury in soils around a CFPP were investigated using statistics, geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Ordinary kriging was carried out to map the spatial patterns of mercury and disjunctive kriging was used to quantify the probability of the Hg concentration higher than the threshold. The maps show that the spatial variability of the Hg concentration in soils was apparent. These results of this study could provide valuable information for risk assessment of environmental Hg pollution and decision support. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

Integrating uncertainty: Canyon Creek hyperconcentrated flows of November 1989 and 1990   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matthias Jakob  Hamish Weatherly 《Landslides》2008,5(1):83-95

Canyon Creek drains a 79 km² watershed in northwestern Washington State. Extensive logging occurred from the mid-1960s to 1980s, which resulted in numerous slope instabilities and a several order of magnitude increase in sediment supply to the creek. On November 9, 1989, a hyperconcentrated flow with a peak discharge of 450 m³/s destroyed one house on the fan. A forensic investigation of the event suggests that a temporary landslide dam may have formed at two coalescing earthflows about 4 km above the fan apex. The 1989 hyperconcentrated flow caused significant aggradation on the fan. One year later to the day, a significant flood occurred, which ran over the aggraded fan surface from the 1989 event. This latter event destroyed four more homes mostly through bank erosion and rendered a section of county road impassable. FLDWAV, a flood routing model capable of simulating unsteady flow conditions, was used to model landslide dam breaches for a number of different dam heights at the earthflows. Modeling results were then combined with historic air photograph interpretation, dendrochronology, and eyewitness accounts to construct a frequency–magnitude relationship for hyperconcentrated flows at Canyon Creek. FLDWAV results were combined with a hyperconcentrated flow runout model (FLO-2D) on the fan to estimate maximum flow depth and flow velocity for the design event, a 500-year return period with a predicted peak discharge of 710 m³/s. A large range of mitigation measures were reviewed, but it was concluded that buy-outs would be the most effective risk reduction measure. Property acquisition commenced in 2004.  相似文献