锦州市近岸海域水质特征分析及污染防治措施     

尹桂丽 《地下水》2007,29(5):81-82,134

应用综合污染指数法对锦州市近岸海域8个监测点位以及全海域2004年和2005年水质特征进行了分析,其结果表明全海域污染比较严重,且中度污染范围较广,近90%.除4#监测点属轻度污染,其余均属中度污染,且5#和7#监测点污染程度有加重趋势,应予以重视,最后就锦州市海水污染特征提出了相关防治措施.  相似文献   

Mineralogical,geochemical and microfabric evidences of gypsum crusts: a case study from Budapest     

Siegfried Siegesmund  Akos Török  Andre Hüpers  Christian Müller  Werner Klemm 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(2):385-397

High levels of SO₂ and particulate pollution enable the rapid development of gypsum-rich weathering crusts in Budapest. Two types of white crusts, thin and thick ones, and two forms of black crusts, laminar and framboidal ones, were studied in limestone buildings of the parliament and Citadella. The percentage of crust cover and damage categories were documented on selected walls. Petrographic, XRD, XRF and sulphur isotope analyses were performed under laboratory conditions to understand the mechanism of crust formation. White crusts found both on exposed and sheltered walls display a calcite-rich layer with gypsum, while black crusts are enriched with gypsum. The sulphur isotopic composition of white and black crusts overlaps, but the crusts are slightly enriched in heavy isotopes compared to rainwater. S content, Si/Al ratios and particulates in black crusts suggest that air pollution (SO₂, dust) contributes to black crust formation. The accumulation of sulphur and Zn enrichment of white crusts were also documented indicating that under high pollution levels, even these compound can accumulate on exposed facades.  相似文献   

原子荧光光谱分析环境样品中砷锑铋汞易出现的问题及解决方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴海涛 《岩矿测试》2007,26(6):509-510

针对原子荧光光谱法测试砷锑铋汞中易出现的仪器空白不稳定、样品制备及仪器污染等问题，总结出相应的解决方法。  相似文献   

Assessment of regional karstification degree and groundwater sensitivity to pollution using hydrograph analysis in the Velka Fatra Mountains, Slovakia     

Peter Malik 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):707-711

Hydrograph analyses of groundwater depletion process in the spring were used for estimation of karstification degree and groundwater sensitivity to pollution in the whole catchment area. Differences of individual depletion hydrographs enable assessment of the anticipated extent of absorption, attenuation and self-purification processes during the groundwater penetration through the rock environment between its infiltration and its outflow in the spring. The method was applied in the SW part of the Velka Fatra Mountains (Slovakia) “Tlsta” hydrogeological structure. In total, 209 individual recession curves from 20 gauged springs were analyzed. Depending on characteristic groundwater depletion hydrographs with independent sub-regimes, categories of groundwater sensitivity to pollution were defined. Finally, resulting sensitivities to pollution were linked to lithostratigraphical units in the area.  相似文献   

Study of galvanic interactions between pyrite and chalcopyrite in a flowing system: implications for the environment     

Liu Qing You  Li Heping  Zhou Li 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(1):11-18

When galvanic interactions between pyrite and chalcopyrite occur in solution, pyrite, with the higher rest potential, acts as a cathode and is protected whereas chalcopyrite, with the lower rest potential, acts as an anode and its oxidation is increased. In this work a three-electrode system was used to investigate the corrosion current density and mixed potential of a galvanic cell comprising a pyrite cathode and a chalcopyrite anode in a flowing system. The results showed that with increasing concentration of ferric ion in the solution, with increasing acidity, and with increasing flow rate of the solution, the corrosion current density increased and the mixed potential of the galvanic cell became more positive. These experimental results are of direct significance to the control of environmental pollution in mining activity. By using the galvanic model, mixed potential theory, and the Butler–Volmer equation, the experimental results were explained theoretically.  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐市低空温度层结与采暖期大气污染的关系   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12  

李景林  郑玉萍  刘增强 《干旱区地理》2007,30(4):19-525

为了找出乌鲁木齐市低空逆温对大气污染的影响规律,为治理和预测大气污染提供科学依据,利用2000年6月至2006年4月的乌鲁木齐市空气污染监测资料和气象站的探空、地面资料,分析了大气污染与逆温的对应特征。结果表明:乌鲁木齐市低空逆温的出现频率与大气污染指数具有相似的时间分布特征。采暖期空气污染指数API值越大,相对应出现逆温日的比例越高,以贴地逆温多;在污染源排放量一定的情况下,大气中污染物浓度与低空逆温层厚度、逆温层底高、逆温层顶底温差有显著的统计关系,而与逆温层中的逆温强度统计关系不显著。随着逆温层底高度降低,逆温层平均顶高、厚度、逆温层顶底温差的增大,日平均气温、最低气温、最高气温的降低,污染级别呈增加趋势;在采暖期同一时段内,要达到同样的污染级别,悬浮逆温日污染物容纳量比贴地逆温大,贴地逆温更容易造成空气污染;在污染物排放量相同的情况下,污染的程度主要取决于悬浮逆温层的底高和厚度及持续日数。  相似文献   

衡水湖湿地底泥重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

张曼胤  崔丽娟  盛连喜  王义飞 《湿地科学》2007,5(4):362-369

测定了衡水湖湿地20个采样点底泥中的7种重金属含量,并与环境背景值进行了比较。结果显示,衡水湖湿地底泥中的Hg含量普遍高于环境背景值,为衡水湖湿地底泥中主要富集的重金属元素,而Cr和Cd基本无富集。用地积累指数、某种重金属的潜在生态危害系数和多种重金属的潜在生态风险指数评价了各个采样点的污染程度和潜在生态风险。结果表明,Hg为高风险元素,底泥中重金属污染主要以Hg为主;衡水湖湖内大部分地区的潜在生态风险相对较低,综合潜在生态风险最高处为魏屯闸,然后依次为南关闸、106国道、大赵闸和湖内岛,核心区的综合潜在生态风险最小。另外,还对魏屯闸处的3个采样点的多种重金属的潜在生态风险指数值进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Simultaneous identification of a single pollution point-source location and contamination time under known flow field conditions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ellen Milnes  Pierre Perrochet   《Advances in water resources》2007,30(12):2439-2446

A theoretical framework is presented that allows direct identification of a single point-source pollution location and time in heterogeneous multidimensional systems under known flow field conditions. Based on the concept of the transfer function theory, it is shown that an observed pollution plume contains all the necessary information to predict the concentration at the unknown pollution source when a reversed flow field transport simulation is performed. This target concentration C₀ is obtained from a quadratic integral of the observed pollution plume itself. Backwards simulation of the pollution plume leads to shrinkage of the C₀-contour due to dispersion. When the C₀-contour reduces to a singular point, i.e. becomes a concentration maximum, the position of the pollution source is identified and the backward simulation time indicates the time elapsed since the contaminant release. The theoretical basis of the method is first developed for the ideal case that the pollution plume is entirely known and is illustrated using a synthetic heterogeneous 2D example where all the hydro-dispersive parameters are known. The same example is then used to illustrate the procedure for a more realistic case, i.e. where only few observation points exist.  相似文献   

节水灌溉与农业面源污染控制研究--以新疆焉耆盆地为例   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

靳孟贵  刘延锋  董新光  周金龙 《地质科技情报》2002,21(1):51-54

针对我国北方农业面源污染面积大、分布广、控制难的问题，通过分析新疆焉耆盆地水资源利用现状、潜水位动态、农田排水特征，认为大水漫灌不仅浪费水资源，造成肥料流失，降低产量，而且污染水体，导致土壤次生盐渍化；提出了推广节水灌溉、合理开发利用水资源、控制农业面源污染、综合治理环境的有效途径。  相似文献   

用离子色谱法测定金矿区水样中常规无机离子   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

黄园英  刘芬  罗锡明  贾刚军 《黄金地质》2002,8(2):69-73

利用DX－120离子色谱仪进行阴阳离子的精密度和准确度测定，100mg/L时相对标准偏差范围为1．00％－3．80％，回收经95．83％－105．00％；5mg／L时相对标准偏差范围为1．18％－4．57％，回收率92．40％－103．20％，完全达到实际要求。用该离子色谱仪测定甘肃阳山金矿山水样中常规无机离子，数据表明该区域水质较好，所测离子浓度都未超过饮用水标准。  相似文献