Saturated area dynamics and streamflow generation from coupled surface–subsurface simulations and field observations     

《Advances in water resources》2013

A distributed physically-based model describing coupled surface–subsurface flows is applied to an instrumented catchment to investigate the links between runoff generation processes and the dynamics of saturated areas. The spatial characterization of the system is obtained through geophysical measurements and in situ observations. The model is able to reproduce the dynamics of the system through the calibration of only few parameters with a clear physical interpretation, providing a solid basis for our numerical investigations. Such investigations demonstrate the important control exerted by surface topography on the time evolution of saturated area patterns, mainly mediated by topographic curvature, that dictates both the dominant streamflow generation process at the local scale and the connection-disconnection dynamics of saturated areas. The relation between hillslope water storage and streamflow, Q = f(V), is shown to be highly hysteretical and dependent on the mean saturation of the catchment: higher degrees of saturation tend to yield one-to-one relationships between streamflow and water storage. On the contrary, streamflow-water storage relations are importantly affected by the specific configuration of saturated areas connected to the outlet when the system is far from complete saturation. This observation contradicts common assumptions of a one-to-one relationship Q = f(V) often used to justify widely observed power-law Q vs. dQ/dt recession curves. Furthermore, even when Q = f(V) becomes unique at high degrees of saturation, no power-law form emerged in our runs, speculatively because of the small size of the catchment formed by a single incision and the corresponding hillslope.  相似文献   

超大容量地震数据长期在线服务系统设计     

吴永权  黄文辉  苏柱金  刘军  吕作勇 《地震地磁观测与研究》2013,(5):334-339

超大容量地震数据长期在线服务系统是针对数字地震台网海量数据的长期在线服务需求而设计的,软件实现基于文件系统的数据自动存储、快速数据检索、数据格式转换等功能.阐明软件的设计思路和主要功能,介绍软件系统结构和波形数据自动检索方式等.  相似文献   

基于区间直觉模糊数的地震应急服务点选址模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李永义  周正华  范燕  蒋知之 《地震学刊》2013,(6):725-729

地震应急物资储备服务点选址是地震应急救援决策工作的重要基础。本文分析了地震应急服务点选址问题的不确定性,介绍了直觉模糊数和区间直觉模糊数的概念,在分析两者之间关系的基础上,定义了区间直觉模糊数的得分函数和精确函数,进而提出了基于得分函数和精确函数的区间直觉模糊数的排序规则;行车时间受诸多因素影响,将行车时间看成区间直觉模糊信息,构建了约束中含有区间直觉模糊参数的地震应急服务点选址模型,提出了一种基于区间直觉模糊数排序规则的模型算法,可得到地震应急服务点最优选址方案。通过算例分析验证了该方法的有效性。  相似文献   

Spatial strategies for parallel spatial modelling     

Yuemin Ding  Paul J. Densham 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):669-698

Abstract

Abstract. To achieve high levels of performance in parallel geoprocessing, the underlying spatial structure and relations of spatial models must be accounted for and exploited during decomposition into parallel processes. Spatial models are classified from two perspectives, the domain of modelling and the scope of operations, and a framework of strategies is developed to guide the decomposition of models with different characteristics into parallel processes. Two models are decomposed using these strategies: hill-shading on digital elevation models and the construction of Delaunay Triangulations. Performance statistics are presented for implementations of these algorithms on a MIMD computer.  相似文献   

A grid-based collaborative virtual geographic environment for the planning of silt dam systems     

Lin Hui  Gong Jianhua  Xu Bingli  Qi Hua 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):607-621

To improve the efficiency of planning and designing silt dam systems, this article employs theories and technologies of collaboration and distributed virtual geographic environments (VGEs) to construct a collaborative virtual geographic environment (CVGE) system. The CVGE system provides geographically distributed users with a shared virtual space and a collaborative platform to implement collaborative planning. Many difficulties have been found in integrating data resources and model procedures for the planning of silt dam systems because of their diversity in heterogeneous environments. Unlike most of the current distributed system applications, the proposed CVGE system not only supports multi-platform and multi-program-language interoperability in the dynamically changing network environment, but also shares programs, data and software in the collaborative environment. Based on creating a shared 3D space by virtual reality technology, agent and grid technologies were tightly coupled to develop the CVGE system. A grid-based multi-agent system service framework was designed to implement this new paradigm for the CVGE system, which efficiently integrates and shares geographically distributed resources as well as having the ability to build modelling procedures on different platforms. At the same time, mobile agent computing services were implemented to reduce the network load, process parallel tasks, enhance communication efficiency and adapt dynamically to the changing network environment. Using Java, JMF (Java Media Framework API), Globus Toolkits (GT) core, Voyager, C++, and the OpenGL development package, a prototype system was developed to support silt dam systems planning in the case study area, the Jiu-Yuan-Gou watershed of the Loess Plateau, China. Compared with the traditional workflow, the CVGE system can reduce the workload by between one third and a half.  相似文献   

A multicriteria spatial decision support system for solving emergency service station location problems     

Majid Esmaelian  Francisco J. Santos Arteaga  Sommayeh Mohammadi 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1187-1213

Earthquakes occurring in urban areas constitute an important concern for emergency management and rescue services. Emergency service location problems may be formulated in discrete space or by restricting the potential location(s) to a specified finite set of points in continuous space. We propose a Multicriteria Spatial Decision Support System to identify shelters and emergency service locations in urban evacuation planning. The proposed system has emerged as an integration of the geographical information systems (GIS) and the multicriteria Decision-Making method of Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation IV (PROMETHEE IV). This system incorporates multiple and often conflicting criteria and decision-makers’ preferences into a spatial decision model. We consider three standard structural attributes (i.e., durability density, population density, and oldness density) in the form of spatial maps to determine the zones most vulnerable to an earthquake. The information on these spatial maps is then entered into the ArcGIS software to define the relevant scores for each point with regards to the aforementioned attributes. These scores will be used to compute the preference functions in PROMETHEE IV, whose net flow outranking for each alternative will be inputted in ArcGIS to determine the zones that are most vulnerable to an earthquake. The final scores obtained are integrated into a mathematical programming model designed to find the most suitable locations for the construction of emergency service stations. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method and the efficacy of the procedures and algorithms in an earthquake emergency service station planning case study in the city of Tehran.  相似文献   

Coming to Terms with “Integrated Coastal Management”: Problems of Meaning and Method in a New Arena of Resource Regulation     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):388-399

This paper traces the emergence of coastal management in the late twentieth century and assesses the social and spatial implications of the new Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) philosophy that guides national regulatory programs worldwide. A review of the epistemology of ICM reveals its link to the United Nations marine regulatory regime (the Law of the Sea) and the sustainable development paradigm embraced at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. I suggest that the resulting regulatory regime facilitates the opening of coastal zones worldwide to aggressive state and global capital investment. By promoting the overhaul of existing social and spatial organization in coastal zones and by asserting the primacy of resource access for modern economic interests, ICM may introduce more rather than less social conflict and ecological degradation. To illustrate this dynamic, I examine the case of coral reef management in general, and in the context of the Sri Lankan ICM program.  相似文献   

EUROPE AND AMERICA: THE REORIENTATION IN GEOGRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD∗     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):278-282

The effects of intra-farm distance on farm income have not been previously tested in North America. European studies are inconclusive as they use data taken from bookkeeping accounts for the farm as a whole. This paper calls for field-to-field farm analyses that combine internal movement costs with costs of production, yields, and farm-gate prices. In a study applying this method to Manitoba grain farms, it was found that adjustments in the organization and intensity of farming offset the effects of distance on net income.  相似文献   

内蒙中部区泛克里格法化探数据处理效果     

刘忠明  韩培光  李红  姚燕  王英  余石琴 《华南地质与矿产》2012,28(1):54-58

比照传统概率统计分析法,介绍了泛克里格法处理化探数据的原理、方法和特征。以内蒙中部区化探数据为例,利用常规概率统计分析法和泛克里格法分别提取了Cu概率异常和Cu剩余异常,结合地质、矿产内容对比分析发现,常规概率统计分析法提取的Cu概率异常虽与金、铜、多金属矿产相关性较好,但异常面积较大,尤其是高背景地区成片出现岩性异常,对找矿工作不利;相比较而言,泛克里格法提取的剩余异常受背景干扰少,独立性好,与铜、金、多金属矿床、矿点的空间分布关系密切,有利于找矿应用。  相似文献   

综合物探技术在三山岛断裂带与焦家断裂带深部成矿模式中的应用     

曹春国  于义文  郭国强  贺春燕  王阳  张超 《山东地质》2012,(4):19-24

焦家断裂带与三山岛断裂带,是胶东西jE部著名的金矿成矿带。利用综合物探资料,对三山岛断裂与焦家断裂带之间与金成矿关系密切的早前寒武纪变质岩系和中生代花岗岩的空间分布关系进行了重新划分。利用高磁、重力、大地电磁（MT）和可控源音频大地电磁（CSAMT）综合研究剖面,研究探索焦家断裂与三山岛断裂带深部断裂构造的分布关系及成矿模式。系统总结了两带金矿地球物理特征及成矿规律和找矿标志,并进行了深部成矿预测,提出了6处深部成矿靶区。其中Au4预测靶区,深孔验证见到厚大金矿体,取得了良好的地质科研效果,为胶西北地区深部地质找矿方向提供了重要依据。  相似文献