Damage localization and quantification of earthquake excited RC-frames     

P. S. Skjrbk  S. R. K. Nielsen  P. H. Kirkegaard  A. . akmak 《地震工程与结构动力学》1998,27(9):903-916

In the paper a recently proposed method for damage localization and quantification of RC-structures from response measurements is tested on experimental data. The method investigated requires at least one response measurement along the structures and the ground surface acceleration. Further, the two lowest time-varying eigenfrequencies of the structure must be identified. The data considered are sampled from a series of three RC-frame model tests performed at the structural laboratory at Aalborg University, Denmark during the autumn of 1996. The frames in the test series were exposed to two or three series of ground motions of increasing magnitude. After each of these runs the damage state of the frame was examined and each storey of the frame were classified into one of the following six classifications: undamaged, cracked, lightly damaged, damaged, severely damaged or collapse. During each of the ground motion events the storey accelerations were measured by accelerometers. After application of the last earthquake sequence to the structure the frames were cut into pieces and each of the beams and columns was statically tested and damage assessment was performed using the obtained stiffnesses. The damage in the storeys determined by the suggested method was then compared to the damage classification from the visual inspection as well as the static tests. It was found that especially in the cases where the damage is concentrated in a certain area of the structure a very good damage assessment is obtained using the suggested method. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Monitoring Contact State of Laboratory Fault with Coda Transmission Waves     

XIE Fan  REN Yaqiong  HOU Jinxin 《中国地震研究》2019,33(3):431-436

We monitored the amplitude changes of coda transmission waves around 500kHz across the frictional interface of a simulated 1.5-meter-long fault during normal stress holding test. We find that the amplitude of coda transmission waves increases with the logarithm of stationary contact time. Localized increase amounted to a level ranging from 4% to 16% along the fault is observed during the 1-hour experiment. We discuss that the frictional strength at mesoscopic scale, which is related to the amplitude of coda transmission waves, is responsible for the phenomenon. Combining the reported method with other complementary approaches will enhance the understanding of fault mechanism either at laboratory or on-site applications.  相似文献   

2011年日本东北大地震（M_W=9.0）震间与震前变形场特征及其对强震预测的启示          下载免费PDF全文

朱守彪 《地球物理学报》2020,63(2):427-439

强震震前(preseismic)动力学过程的研究对于地震预测具有十分重要的意义,但由于观测资料的限制,目前对强震前孕震区力学状态及其演化过程的认识还非常有限.2011年日本东北9.0特大地震(Tohoku-Oki)发生在GPS观测台站最为密集的地区,为研究特大地震震间(interseismic)与震前的变形状态提供了难得的机会.文中将利用日本东北大地震之前连续的GPS观测资料,分别计算震间与震前的速度场与变形场.通过对比分析发现,日本东北地区(Tohoku)震前的应变状态与震间的有很大的不同,震间的变形主要受到太平洋板块向日本海沟北西西向的俯冲挤压作用所控制,其主压应变以近东西向压缩为主,日本东北地区的运动方向与太平洋板块的运动方向大体一致.但是,临近地震前(震前)日本东北地区的运动方向发生了很大变化,震前30天的连续GPS观测结果显示,速度场的优势方向经常变换,间歇性地出现与太平洋板块运动方向相反的情况.这意味着震前孕震区的力学状态发生了很大的改变.这种变化可能与震前破裂成核或慢滑移及慢地震等过程有关,这些过程将加速或促进大地震的发生,从而为大地震的发生准备了力学条件.值得特别强调的是,这些现象都是可以通过直接观测能够发现的大地震之前的异常现象.由此可见,加密GPS站点进行连续观测,寻找震前变形异常区以及探索异常的物理机制对于地震预测预报有重要的科学意义.  相似文献   

藏南羊卓雍错湖面大气湍流特征观测分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

沈鹏珂  张雪芹 《湖泊科学》2019,31(1):243-255

湍流运动是大气边界层的本质特征,是地表与大气之间能量和物质交换的主要方式.本文利用2016和2017年4-10月藏南羊卓雍错湖泊涡动观测资料,分析了湖面大气湍流方差和湍流特征量的统计和变化特征.结果表明：（1）不稳定层结下,三维风速分量和超声虚温、水汽密度、CO₂密度的无量纲标准差随稳定度变化符合Monin-Obukhov相似理论的"1/3"或"-1/3"次幂律,垂直风速的拟合效果最好;稳定层结下,除CO₂密度无量纲标准差与稳定度无明显关系外,其他量基本上满足相似性规律;中性条件下,以上物理量的无量纲标准差分别趋近常数：3.57、3.93、0.77、20.91、6.35和11.96.（2）水平方向平均湍流强度（0.60和0.58）大于垂直方向（0.13）,三维方向湍流强度与平均风速的变化呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.39、-0.42和-0.34.（3）湖面湍流动能随风速呈线性增长,增长率达0.45 m/s;近中性层结时湍流动能最大,层结越稳定或不稳定湍流动能均减小.（4）湖泊下午到傍晚动量输送较强,13：00-22：30时间段平均动量通量达0.091 kg/（m·s²）;热量输送以潜热为主,潜热通量日平均值（77.3 W/m²）是感热通量（14.6 W/m²）的5.3倍,感热和潜热通量日变化峰值分别出现在5：30（22.4 W/m²）和16：00（106.6 W/m²）.  相似文献   

Efficient and multi-objective cavitating propeller optimization: An application to a high-speed craft     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

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2013年甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震跨断层形变异常研究     

杨晓东  李宁  刘立炜  张四新 《地震研究》2014,37(4)

通过对2013甘肃岷县漳县交界发生MS6.6强震的发震构造区在地震前后跨断层形变研究发现:四店、麻界滩和毛羽沟场在震前出现形变异常,3个场地临震单期形变是往期平均值的2～7倍;3个场地震前形变异常持续时间不超过4个月,震后4个月除毛羽沟场地外其余场地基本恢复到往期平均水平;四店场地临震形变△V(5.5 mm)约是麻界滩和毛羽沟的2倍,产生这种形变差异的原因可能是由于岷县地震主要动力来源是西秦岭北缘断裂的活动产生,因此主断裂上的形变异常大于分支断裂;临潭—宕昌断裂具有差异性活动特征,断裂中东段活动性强于西段,岷县漳县地震的复发周期约为(220±40)a,震级为6～6.6级.  相似文献   

黑河流域临泽盐碱化草地网格尺度多层土壤水分时空稳定性分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

冉有华  李新  王维真  晋锐 《地球科学进展》2009,24(7):817-824

定量分析半干旱环境下盐碱化草地类型土壤水分的时间稳定性,是开展土壤水分尺度时空转换的前提,同时也是水文研究的重要组成部分。基于"黑河遥感—地面同步试验"干旱水文试验区临泽草地加密观测区16个土壤水分剖面的逐日持续观测数据,利用平均相对偏差及相关系数方法,对网格尺度上多层土壤水分的时间稳定性进行了分析。初步表明:①在土壤水分监测点布设上,在相对长的时期内,能代表网络水平上平均土壤水分最优观测的点是存在的,最优观测点位置的选择需要先密后稀,并根据事先的加密观测结果进行稳定性分析,保留平均相对偏差接近于0且其标准差最小的点开展长期观测。②在90 m×90 m的网格尺度上,土壤水分的空间结构在40 cm深度以上各层的时间稳定性是类似的,但稳定程度不同,表层最不稳定。在40 cm以下基本上趋于稳定,空间异质性降低。③研究区所在环境下网格尺度土壤水分空间分布在时间上强烈相关,观测刚开始的几天与其它时期的相关性比较低,在平稳期相关性较好,不稳定性主要由降水或灌溉事件引起。同时,由于环境的复杂性及观测的误差,这种特殊类型土壤水分的时间稳定特征还需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

MATLAB语言在非线性最小二乘估计中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张庆 《测绘与空间地理信息》2004,27(3):35-38

伴随着测量事业的发展,要编制测量参数估计的矩阵运算程序越来越复杂,难度也越来越大。MATLAB与其他编程语言相比,具有简单直观、速度快等特点。本文将MATLAB语言运用于非线性模型参数估计,并给出了单纯形法进行非线性参数估计的函数程序。  相似文献   

发展钻孔应变观测的战略构想   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

邱泽华  谢富仁  苏恺之  欧阳祖熙 《国际地震动态》2004,(1):7-14

钻孔应变观测正在成为一种与测震和GPS相提并论的地壳形变观测。曾经处于领先地位的我国钻孔应力一应变观测的发展需要回顾历史,面对现实,借鉴国外,放眼长远。建立比测基地、实验场和完善国家前兆监测网,三位一体,应该成为发展我国钻孔应变观测的基本方针。  相似文献   

Optical Response of the Atmosphere During the Caribbean Total Solar Eclipses of 26 February 1998 and of 3 February 1916 at Falcón state,Venezuela     

Peñaloza-Murillo  Marcos A. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,91(3):125-159

An investigation of the optical response of the atmosphere before, during, and afterthe total solar eclipse of 26 February 1998 at the Caribbean Peninsula of Paraguaná (Falcón State) in Venezuela, was made by measuring photometrically the intensity of the sky brightness in three strategic directions: zenith, horizon anti-parallel or opposite the umbra path, and horizon perpendicular to this path. From these measurements, and by applying in an inverse way an empirical photometric model, very rough estimations of theextinction coefficient, and also of the average optical depth, were obtained in one of these particular directions. However based on meteorological measurements such as those of relative humidity and temperature, and applying a different model, a better estimation in the visual of the total global extinction coefficient of the sky (except the horizon), were made considering the contribution of each component: atmospheric aerosol, water vapour, ozone and Rayleigh scattering. It is shown that this global coefficient is mostly dependent upon aerosol extinction. In spite of the strong reduction of sky brightness photometrically observed during the totality, the results show that the sky was not dark. This is confirmed by the results obtained for the total global extinction coefficient. Additionally it is estimated that the total solar eclipse that took place also in Falcón State, Venezuela, at the beginning of the last century on 3 February 1916, was 30% darker that the 1998 eclipse, and that atmospheric aerosol played a relevant and similar role in the scattering of sunlight during the totality as it was for 1998's. Visual observations made during each event, which show that at length only one or two bright stars could be seen in the sky, support the results obtained for both eclipses.  相似文献