Holocene sedimentary environments in Lake Eyre,South Australia     

J. A. Dulhunty 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):437-442

In late Pleistocene time Lake Dieri (ancestral ‘Greater Lake Eyre') was permanently filled during a wet climatic phase. Towards the close of Pleistocene time the watertable fell, Lake Dieri dried up, and its sediments deflated. Later the watertable rose, establishing ephemeral Lake Eyre in the deflated area, and Holocene sedimentation commenced. At about this time Lake Eyre tilted to the south and three sedimentary environments developed: (1) a saline playa environment without saltcrusts in the northern end of the lake, where water drains away before wholly evaporating; (2) a terminal salina environment in the south end, where evaporation of brines leaves saltcrusts overlying gypseous sediments; and (3) a saline flocculation environment between the playa and salina environments, where sediments are deposited by flocculation when muddy floodwater from the north meets highly saline water of the southern salina.

In the northern playa environment, sedimentation is limited to the top of the capillary fringe above the watertable, below which sediments remain moist and protected from aeolian erosion, but above which they dry and blow out of the lake. In the southern salina environment sedimentation has not kept pace with the Holocene rise in watertable. If and when it does reach such a level, downward leaching of salt and deflation of exposed sediments is likely to occur. In the flocculation environment new deposits of clay are added but kept permanently wet by rising groundwater. When flocculated sediment builds too high, its excess is transferrred by surface water into the salina deposits to the south.  相似文献   

Diatoms and ostracods as mid-Holocene palaeoenvironmental indicators,North Stromatolite Lake,Coorong National Park,South Australia ∗     

S. Edwards  Y. Bone  P. A. Gell  V. A. Gostin 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):651-663

The Holocene carbonate sequence of perennial North Stromatolite Lake, located adjacent to the Coorong Lagoon near Salt Creek, South Australia, includes a prominent sapropelic unit (7 – 12% total organic carbon), in places more than 2 m thick, that was sampled for the purpose of radiocarbon dating and documenting its diatom and ostracod biostratigraphy. The recovered ostracods were also subjected to carbon and oxygen isotopic analysis. The bulk organic matter at the base of the sapropel yielded an uncalibrated ¹⁴C age of 6080 ± 60 y BP. Diatoms, where preserved, are almost exclusively benthic. Stratigraphic variation of the proportions of key indicator species in diatom assemblages records a marked oscillation between oligosaline and eusaline conditions in the hypolimnion during deposition of the sapropel. Ostracod carbon isotope data indicate that the lake at this time was eutrophic, thereby enriching the dissolved inorganic carbon of the hypolimnion in ¹³C. However, the observed secular variation in δ¹³C implies a mid-sapropel drop in productivity, caused by a freshening of the lake. Ostracod δ¹⁸O values display an overall increase through the sapropel consistent with the rising salinity of the hypolimnion. The existence of a flourishing benthic ostracod community, together with the valve ornamentation of Osticythere baragwanathi, indicates that the bottom waters were well oxygenated. Thus, anoxia was not a prerequisite for sapropel accumulation. The biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the sapropel concur in suggesting a lack of climatic uniformity during its deposition, a period of ～1200 years. This study therefore highlights the potential of diatoms and ostracods in shallow perennial alkaline lakes along the Coorong coastal plain as proxies for short-term (10² – 10³ years) Holocene palaeoenvironmental change in southeastern Australia.  相似文献   

Early Devonian synorogenic alluvial-fan deposits of the Maccullochs Range,western New South Wales     

G. Neef 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):647-660

The Early Devonian, Maccullochs Range beds (new) of the Winduck Interval largely comprise non-marine fine-grained sheet-flood-deposited sandstones which lie in the southeast sector of the Darling Basin Conjugate Fault System. Deposition of the >2.5 km-thick sequence occurred on the Wilcannia, Towers and Coolabah Bore alluvial fans, that were sourced largely from lightly indurated sandstone caps overlying a large basement high lying north of the Darling River Lineament, and also from west of Maccullochs Range (Coolabah Bore Fan). Four lithofacies are recognised. Lithofacies 1, massive sandstone, is proximal and was deposited from hyperconcentrated sheet floods. The more distal lithofacies 2 is partly massive, partly laminated and partly affected by soft sediment slumping during its deposition. It contains 1.3 – 3.5 m-thick sheet-flood successions that rarely show cross-bedding. Lithofacies 3 and 4 are minor: lithofacies 3, stream-flood deposited, comprises coarse-grained, pebbly sandstone and lithofacies 4, transient playa lake deposits that are locally intercalated with lithofacies 2. In lithofacies 2, thick massive fine-grained sandstone is commonly overlain by laminated sandstone that was deformed when soft. Incised channel deposits in lithofacies 2 deposits are rare and palaeosols were not discovered. Permanency of the positions of two of the alluvial fans, and by inference their feeder streams, remained unchanged for ～9 million years. The fans overlie probable floodplain deposits observed in a quarry in the easternmost part of the study area. Marine fossils are very minor in the range—the brachiopod Howellella jaqueti at one locality indicates an Early Devonian age for one of the brief marine incursions into what was normally an alluvial-fan environment. Very brief marine incursions elsewhere in the group are deduced from the presence of very rare fossil gastropods.  相似文献   

Lake George revisited: New evidence for the origin and evolution of a large closed lake,Southern Tablelands,NSW, Australia     

M. Macphail  L. K. Fifield  B. Pillans  M. Davies  G. Hope 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(7):853-871

Lake George contains the longest continuous sedimentary record of any Australian lake basin, but previous age models are equivocal, particularly for the oldest (pre-Quaternary) part of the record. We have applied a combination of cosmogenic nuclide burial dating, magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy to determine the age of the basal (fluvial) unit in the basin, the Gearys Gap Formation. Within the differing resolutions achievable by the three dating techniques, our results show that (i) the Gearys Gap Formation, began accumulating at ca 4 Ma, in the early Pliocene (Zanclean), and (ii) deposition had ceased by ca 3 Ma, in the mid late Pliocene (Piacenzian). Whether the same age control provides an early Pliocene (Zanclean) age for the formation of the lake basin is uncertain. During the Piacenzian, the vegetation at the core site was a wetland community dominated by members of the coral fern family Gleicheniaceae, while the surrounding dryland vegetation was a mix of sclerophyll and temperate rainforest communities, with the latter including trees and shrubs now endemic to New Guinea–New Caledonia and Tasmania. Mean annual rainfall and temperatures are inferred to have been ～2000–3000 mm, although probably not uniformly distributed throughout the year, and within the mesotherm range (>14°C <20°C), respectively. Unresolved issues are: (1) Does the basal gravel unit predate uplift of the Lake George Range and therefore provide evidence that one of the proposed paleo-spillways of Lake George, that above Geary's Gap, has been elevated up to 100–200 m by neotectonic activity over the past 4 million years? (2) Did a shallow to deepwater lake exist elsewhere in the lake basin during the Pliocene?  相似文献   

Holocene lake stages and thermokarst dynamics in a discontinuous permafrost affected region,north-eastern Tibetan Plateau     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

Sediments of a thermokarst system on the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau were studied to infer changes in the lacustrine depositional environment related to climatic changes since the early Holocene. The thermokarst pond with a length of 360 m is situated in a 14.5 × 6 km tectonically unaffected intermontane basin, which is underlain by discontinuous permafrost.A lake sediment core and bankside lacustrine onshore deposits were analysed. Additionally, fossil lake sediments were investigated, which document a former lake-level high stand. The sediments are mainly composed of marls with variable amounts of silt carbonate micrite, and organic matter.On the basis of sedimentological (grain size data), geochemical (XRF), mineralogical (XRD) and micropaleontological data (ostracods and chironomide assemblages) a reconstruction of a paleolake environment was achieved.Lacustrine sediments with endogenic carbonate precipitation suggest a lacustrine environment since at least 19.0 cal ka BP. However, because of relocation and reworking processes in the lake, the sediments did not provide distinct information about the ultimate formation of the lake. The high amount of endogenic carbonate suggests prolonged still-water conditions at about 9.3 cal ka BP. Ostracod shells and chironomid head capsules in fossil lake sediments indicate at least one former lake-level high stand, which were developed between the early and middle Holocene. From the late Holocene the area was possibly characterized by a lake-level decline, documented by a hiatus between lacustrine sediments and a reworked loess or loess-like horizon. After the lake-level decline and the following warming period, the area was affected by thermally-induced subsidence and a re-flooding of the basin because of thawing permafrost.  相似文献   

阳宗海冬瓜营古地震剖面(英文)     

胡耀雄  邓瑞生 《地震研究》1988,(3)

对冬瓜营古地震剖面研究的结果表明:阳宗海附近西支小江活断层上,近两千五百年以来至少发生过五次七级以上强震,它们的碳14年代分别为距今118±95年(b.p.)距今445±95年(b.p.);距今1347±213年(b.p.);距今1930±135年(b.p.);>距今2359±213年(b.p.)。其中,剖面记录的最晚两次古地震事件与历史记载的嵩明、宜良间1833年八级大地震和宜良1500年七级强震还能够相对应,说明该剖面记录的古地震事件可信度较高,具有一定的参考使用价值。  相似文献   

Tectonic Zonation and Tectonic Rock Assemblages of Melange in Bangong Lake Area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHOU Tao  LI Dewei  FENG Minxuan 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):200-200

  相似文献   

补水溶矿过程中达布逊湖北岸地下卤水水化学变化特征初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

李梦玲  袁小龙  张西营  苗卫良  洪荣昌  朱海霞  陈亮 《盐湖研究》2022,30(2):99-109

以察尔汗盐湖达布逊区段补水溶采区为研究区,靠近补水渠的D01、D03以及D05水文观测孔地下卤水为研究对象,通过水化学、相图等分析方法,研究了地下卤水在固液转化过程中水化学的时空变化特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明,储卤层中卤水化学特性在空间上具有明显差异性。在纵向上,随深度增加Na⁺、SO₄2-浓度、pH值降低,而Mg²⁺、Cl-、HCO₃-、Li⁺、B³⁺浓度、TDS和比重升高;在横向上,D01孔中卤水具有较高的Na⁺、SO₄2-、HCO₃-、Li⁺浓度、pH值以及较低的TDS和比重;D03孔中卤水具有较高的K⁺、B³⁺浓度;D05孔中具有较高的TDS、比重、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl-以及Sr²⁺浓度。揭示了卤水在盐层中的滞留时间、盐层渗透性差异、矿物组合与分布及温度变化是影响地下卤水水化学分布特征的主要因素,并初步研究认为补水溶矿具有局限性,D01孔受补水影响最大,D03孔次之,D05孔受补水影响较弱。  相似文献   

青海盐湖锂资源综合利用规模探讨          下载免费PDF全文

熊增华  王兴富  王石军  童阳春  吴盛斌 《盐湖研究》2020,28(4):125-131

锂是战略新兴产业的“关键原料”,已入国家战略新兴产业矿产。当前和可预见的未来,新能源、人工智能、航空航天等都离不开锂原料。有机构预测全球锂需求量将从2017年24万吨增加到2025年的83万吨LCE(碳酸锂当量)。青海柴达木盆地是我国锂资源富集地,为探讨青海盐湖锂资源的合理开发规模,分析了锂盐开发的矿床特性、钾肥规模、开采方式、盐田精制浓缩工艺等影响因素,以察尔汗盐湖为例计算其开发规模,提出“先锂后钾”重点研发低含量卤水提锂技术、全流程工艺优化、构建锂资源产业集群等建议,将有利于科学规划青海盐湖锂资源开发,促进我国盐湖锂产业可持续发展。  相似文献   

环青海湖地区湿地变化初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李凤霞  肖建设  郭安红  吴素霞  朱西德 《中国沙漠》2007,27(6):1018-1021

 以遥感、地理信息系统和全球定位系统为主，应用空间对地观测的技术资源和数据资源，结合地面考察资料和已有的研究成果，对环青海湖地区的湿地类型和面积变化进行研究，结果发现：研究区内的湿地分为天然湿地和人工湿地两大类，其中天然湿地分为沼泽、河流、湖泊。天然湿地的面积在13 a内出现了不同程度的变化，其中沼泽面积有所扩大，而河流、湖泊面积缩小。造成这种变化的主要原因是气候暖干化和人类活动的共同影响。  相似文献