末次盛冰期冰盖对全球季风活动的非对称性影响     

曹剑  吴立广 《气象科学》2016,36(4):425-435

将新研发的南京信息工程大学地球系统模式(NUIST Earth System Model version 1,NESM1)首次应用于古气候模拟中,在Paleoclmate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase III(PMIP3)框架下设计了工业革命前(Pre-industrial,PI)、末次盛冰期(Last Glacial Maximum,LGM)和增加大陆冰盖(Ice sheets,IS)试验,验证了模式对工业革命前气候和LGM时期气候的模拟能力,并通过增加大陆冰盖试验分析了其对全球季风活动的非对称性影响。结果表明:与PI时期相比,LGM时期的温度和降水均有显著改变。其中,全球平均温度比PI时期降低了4.7℃,全球平均降水减少了0.3 mm·d~(-1),降水对温度变化的敏感性约2.3%·℃~(-1),这与其他耦合模式结果一致。末次盛冰期大陆冰盖对其气候变化有重要贡献,冰盖引起的地表反照率改变与地形抬升作用导致全球平均气温下降1.2℃,降水量减少0.06 mm·d~(-1)。进一步分析表明,末次盛冰期冰盖对全球气候的影响还具有显著南北半球差异,所导致的温度降低和降水减少主要集中在北半球,其中北半球的降温更是高达南半球的5倍;引起北半球季风区年平均降水减少0.24 mm·d~(-1),降水年较差减小0.34 mm·d~(-1),而南半球变化很小。这是由于北半球大幅降温导致的低层水汽含量减小,并与大陆冰盖引起的欧洲大陆和北美大陆反气旋环流共同作用而影响季风活动。在夏季,减少的低层水汽含量与减弱的季风环流使夏季降水显著减少;而在冬季,加强的季风环流能部分抵消水汽含量减小的作用,故冬季降水稍微减弱。此外,在欧洲大陆和北美大陆附近对流层低层反气旋环流作用下,导致亚欧和北美季风活动区域减小。  相似文献   

末次冰期间冰阶晚期长江中游风尘堆积及环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庄检平  贾玉连  马春梅  胡忠  张海荣  吴敬禄 《沉积学报》2007,25(3):424-428

定山砂山剖面的下层灰黄色土-淤泥沉积，为末次冰期间冰阶（40～22kaBP）区域降尘堆积。灰黄色土层与淤泥为同源异相沉积，粒度组合基本相同，无特征性差异。频数曲线都以双峰为特征，第一峰为主峰，众值8～32 μm；第二为次峰，众值250～500μm。9.75±0.25Φ~4.25±0.25Φ(1 ~62.5μm)在垂向上具有相似的线形变化，组成第一峰态，各粒级垂向上的含量变化是区域冬季风强弱变化的敏感指标；2.25±0.25Φ ~-0.75±0.25Φ (180~2000 μm)具有相似的线形，组成第二峰态，各粒级剖面含量变化则揭示了冬半年环境干湿状况与局地尘暴事件。在对应区域降尘堆积较弱的两个时段，存在局地尘暴的增强事件，指示局地冬半年环境干燥。  相似文献   

松宗古湖——藏东南帕隆藏布江末次盛冰期 发育的一个冰川堰塞湖^*   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

曾庆利  杨志法  袁广祥  尚彦军  张路青  赵希涛 《第四纪研究》2007,27(1):85-92

青藏高原东南部帕隆藏布江松宗地区晚更新世期间发生了一次可以识别的支谷冰川阻江形成冰川堰塞湖——松宗古湖的事件。松宗滑坡处的湖相沉积剖面厚度≥88m,其中厚达18.33m并具湖相沉积代表性的连续粉质粘土层底部和顶部的光释光年龄分别为22.5±3.3kaB.P.和16.1±1.7kaB.P. , 属末次盛冰期。松宗滑坡处河谷两侧冰碛台地与湖相沉积的接触关系和空间特征指示该湖相沉积与末次盛冰期董曲支谷冰川阻塞帕隆藏布江有关。湖相地层的剖面沉积特征揭示出这个冰川堰塞湖可能贯穿于整个末次盛冰期,但整个帕隆藏布并没有形成统一的山谷冰川。  相似文献   

基于历史文献重建的近2000年中国温度变化比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑景云葛全胜  方修琦张学珍 《气象学报》2007,65(3):428-439

文中对不同学者利用不同来源中国历史文献资料重建的温度变化代用序列进行了比对,分析了同一地区不同序列之间及不同地区间序列的异同,以及造成这些异同的主要原因。结果表明:(1)不同学者重建的同一地区温度(或冷暖)变化序列具有较高的相似性;不同学者所估计的30 a平均温度相对变幅完全一致(即在99.9%置信水平下,二者通过无显著性差别的检验)的时段平均占所有时段的73.4%,还有8.6%的时段虽在幅度大小上有差异但冷暖定性一致,二者共计占82%。(2)不同地区间的温度变化序列也具有较高的相关性,且重建区域相距越近其相关系数也越高,序列的相似程度也越大;而不同学者所选择的重建方法与代用指标不同并不影响不同地区之间序列的相似程度,说明不同地区序列的不一致应是由于地区的气候变化差异造成的。(3)虽然不同学者所估计的中国过去千年以上的温度变化趋势及波动幅度等存在一定差异,但各家所揭示的中国东部过去2000年主要冷暖阶段的出现时间则基本一致。这些结果进一步说明:以前学术界对各家序列差异的认识可能并没有或很少考虑地区间气候变化的差异,因而夸大了不同学者因重建方法与原始证据不同而造成的重建结果差异,这是不客观的。  相似文献   

国外末次冰期极盛期以来环境演变研究的主要特点     

任国玉 《地球科学进展》1994,9(2):65-69

国外对更新世末次冰期极盛期(LGM)以来环境演变的研究出现了一些新的趋势和特点。本文对此进行了归纳与分析，并指出它们对国内第四纪研究工作的启示意义。  相似文献   

萨拉乌苏河流域MGS4层段记录的末次冰期早冰阶气候波动     

司月君  李保生  温小浩  杨艺  杜恕环  牛东风  王丰年  赵欣楠  王江龙 《中国沙漠》2012,32(4):938-946

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾末次冰期早冰阶时期记录了5.5个由古沙丘砂与河流相、湖沼相构成的沉积旋回。对各沉积旋回的粒度及微量元素分析表明,河流相和湖沼相的平均粒径Mz、分选系数σ和SC/D的值明显高于古沙丘砂,河湖相中的微量元素Mn、P、Rb、Zr、V、Ni含量普遍较古沙丘砂含量高,而Ba、Co等则呈现相反的变化;这些气候代用指标的波动构成了与沉积旋回相对应的5.5个粒度及微量元素变化旋回,指示了该地末次冰期早冰阶至少经历了6次冷干和5次暖湿的气候波动,其中若干次气候回暖事件和冷干事件可与格陵兰冰芯和葫芦洞石笋等记录的D/O事件和Heinrich事件相对应。米浪沟湾剖面地层记录的千年尺度气候波动既是对东亚季风环流演变历史的体现,同时也是对全球气候变化的响应。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary climatic changes in southern Chile, as recorded in a diatom sequence of Lago Puyehue (40°40′ S)     

Mieke Sterken  Elie Verleyen  Koen Sabbe  Griet Terryn  Francois Charlet  Sébastien Bertrand  Xavier Boës  Nathalie Fagel  Marc De Batist  Wim Vyverman 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(2):219-235

A late Quaternary diatom stratigraphy of Lago Puyehue (40°40′ S, 72°28′ W) was examined in order to infer past limnological and climatic changes in the South-Chilean Lake District. The diatom assemblages were well preserved in a 1,122 cm long, ¹⁴C-dated sediment core spanning the last 17,900 years, and were in support of an early deglaciation of Lago Puyehue. The presence of a short cold spell in South Chile, equivalent to the Younger Dryas event in the Northern Hemisphere, the Antarctic Cold Reversal in Antarctica, or the Huelmo-Mascardi event in southern South America, was not clearly evidenced in the diatom data, although some climate instability may have occurred between 13,400 and 11,700 cal. yr. BP, and a relatively long period (between 16,850 and 12,810 cal. yr. BP) with low absolute abundances and biovolumes could be tentatively interpreted as a period of low rainfall and/or temperatures. An increase in the moisture supply to the lake was tentatively inferred at 12,810 cal. yr. BP. After 9,550 cal. yr. BP, inferred stronger and longer persisting summer stratification, may have been the result of the higher temperatures associated with an early-Holocene thermal optimum. The mid-Holocene appeared to be characterized by a decrease in precipitation, culminating around 5,000 cal. yr. BP, and rising again after 3,000 cal. yr. BP, likely associated with a previously documented lowered frequency and amplitude of El Niño events. An increase in precipitation during the late Holocene (3,000 cal. yr. BP–present) might have marked subsequent increased frequency of El Niño occurrences, leading to drier summers and slightly moister winters in the area.  相似文献   

Climate oscillations evidenced by spectral analysis of Southern Chilean lacustrine sediments: the assessment of ENSO over the last 600 years     

N. Fagel  X. Boës  M. F. Loutre 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(2):253-266

The Chilean Lake District (38–42°S) is strongly influenced by Southern westerlies-driven precipitations. At 40°S Lago Puyehue provides high resolution sedimentation rates (∼1–2 mm/yr) suitable for annual climate reconstruction. Several short and long sediment cores were collected in this lake. Their analysis aim at a better understanding of climate mechanisms related to ENSO in this part of the world. The recognition of ENSO related periodicities and their stability is studied through the analysis of two short varved cores collected from underflow and interflow key sites. According to varve chronology controlled by ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb profiles and chronostratigraphical markers, the short core from underflow site (PU-I) spans 294 ± 18 years and the core in the interflow site (PU-II) covers 592 ± 9 years. Several methods of spectral analysis were applied on the total varve thickness to identify potential periodicities in the signal. Blackman–Tuckey, Maximum Entropy, Multi-Taper Methods (MTM) and singular spectrum analysis were applied on the whole record. In addition, evolutive MTM and wavelet analyses allow to identify temporal influence of some periodicities. In the PU-I studied interval (AD 1700–2000), a period at ∼3.0 years appears in a large part of the interval, mostly in the recent part. Periods at ∼5.2 and ∼23 years also show up. PU-II record (AD 1400–2000) displays the most robust periodicities at around 15, 9, 4.4, 3.2 and 2.4 years. These periodicities are in good agreement with the sub-decadal periods identified by Dean and Kemp (2004) and linked to the El Nino Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Differences in the recorded periodicities between PU-I and PU-II sites are consistent with different sedimentation processes in the lake. According to climate instrumental data for the last 20 years, varves in PU-I site are mostly related to fluvial dynamics and regional climate factors, i.e., precipitation, temperature and wind. In PU-II site, varves increment is related to both regional and global climate forcing factors, i.e., El Nino Southern Oscillation. The evolutive MTM analysis and the wavelet analysis suggest a striking break in the periodicities at around AD 1820. Finally relationships between El Nino and longer term climate phase like the Little Ice Age (LIA) are also assessed. This is the seventh in a series of eight papers published in this special issue dedicated to the 17,900 year multi-proxy lacustrine record of Lago Puyehue, Chilean Lake District. The papers in this special issue were collected by M. De Batist, N. Fagel, M.-F. Loutre and E. Chapron.  相似文献   

巽他海峡BAR9442岩心30 kaBP以来的沉积记录与古季风活动     

赵悦  丁旋 《地球科学》2011,36(4):610-620

为重建巽他海峡区古季风活动历史,通过对BAR9442岩心氧同位素、AMS14C测年、陆源碎屑标准偏差区间粒径分布,以及上升流种Globigerina bulloides等变化特点分析,并结合前人对该岩心粘土矿物的研究,获得如下认识:末次冰期30~17 kaBP,海平面下降,陆源粉砂物质输入增加; 南半球夏季日照率高,然而受冰期热带辐聚带位置影响,西北季风受阻,东南信风持续吹过研究海域形成类似东南季风的效应,气候冷干; 受印度东北季风影响,伊利石含量最高,上升流活动不发育, 古生产力降低.17~8 kaBP,海平面迅速上升,出现较强的表层穿越流活动,粘土物质成为沉积物的主要组分; 此时东南与西北季风都有增强,说明当时研究区气候有着更强的季节性.全新世8 kaBP以来,全球海平面上升使穿越流活动加强,沉积物粘土组分含量最大,西北季风带来温暖湿润的气候条件.   相似文献   

Geological controls on the geometry of incised‐valley fills: Insights from a global dataset of late‐Quaternary examples     

Ru Wang  Luca Colombera  Nigel P. Mountney 《Sedimentology》2019,66(6):2134-2168

Incised valleys that develop due to relative sea‐level change are common features of continental shelves and coastal plains. Assessment of the factors that control the geometry of incised‐valley fills has hitherto largely relied on conceptual, experimental or numerical models, else has been grounded on case studies of individual depositional systems. Here, a database‐driven statistical analysis of 151 late‐Quaternary incised‐valley fills has been performed, the aim being to investigate the geological controls on their geometry. Results of this analysis have been interpreted with consideration of the role of different processes in determining the geometry of incised‐valley fills through their effect on the degree and rate of river incision, and on river size and mobility. The studied incised‐valley fills developed along active margins are thicker and wider, on average, than those along passive margins, suggesting that tectonic setting exerts a control on the geometry of incised‐valley fills, probably through effects on relative sea‐level change and river behaviour, and in relation to distinct characteristics of basin physiography, water discharge and modes of sediment delivery. Valley‐fill geometry is positively correlated with the associated drainage‐basin size, confirming the dominant role of water discharge. Climate is also inferred to exert a potential control on valley‐fill dimensions, possibly through modulations of temperature, peak precipitation, vegetation and permafrost, which would in turn affect water discharge, rates of sediment supply and valley‐margin stability. Shelves with slope breaks that are currently deeper than 120 m contain incised‐valley fills that are thicker and wider, on average, than those hosted on shelves with breaks shallower than 120 m. No correlation exists between valley‐fill thickness and present‐day coastal‐prism convexity, which is measured as the difference in gradient between lower coastal plains and inner shelves. These findings challenge some concepts embedded in sequence stratigraphic thinking, and have significant implications for analysis and improved understanding of ‘source to sink’ sediment route‐ways, and for attempting predictions of the occurrence and characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs.  相似文献