软土地基中基坑渗透破坏机理和对策   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孙瑞瑞 《上海国土资源》2010,31(Z1)

软土地基中基坑渗流诱发的土体破坏是引起基坑工程事故的一个重要因素。针对基坑工程渗流问题的特殊性,探讨了基坑渗透破坏的机理。结合基坑工程典型工况,阐述了进行渗流控制研究的重要意义,讨论了渗流控制的关键问题,对于深基坑的工程施工具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

浙北平原区土壤硒地球化学研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡艳华  王加恩  颜铁增  蔡子华  宋明义  康占军 《上海国土资源》2010,31(Z1)

基于嘉善县基本农田质量调查和嘉善县富硒土地资源专项调查中高密度的土壤硒数据及其它测试指标,对浙北嘉善表层土壤硒的含量、分布及影响因素进行了初步研究。分析结果显示,嘉善土壤总量硒平均值为0.33mg/kg,在干窑——姚庄一带存在约57km~2的富硒土壤(Se≥0.40mg/kg);不同土属硒含量差别不大;硒在土壤剖面中分布的总体趋势是硒在表土层聚集;嘉善富硒土壤以有机结合态和腐植酸态两种形态为主,残渣态也占有一定比例。结合全量硒与有机碳的相关性分析和富硒土壤的硒形态分析等结果,本研究认为高硒背景与有机质吸附对嘉善富硒土壤的形成起到了关键作用,改变了嘉善缺硒的认识。  相似文献   

东营市沿海地区农业地质特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

代东峰  徐金欣  姜同海  许静  王德水 《上海国土资源》2010,31(Z1)

通过对东营市沿海地区农业地质的调查研究,该区土壤贫N、P、Mo、有机质,富K,富微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、B等,土壤除盐化程度高外,未受到其它元素的污染,仍保持良好的自然环境。初步将土壤分为四个土壤类型:潮土、盐化潮土、滨海盐土、滨海潮滩盐土,土体构型以均质砂壤型分布面积最广。  相似文献   

阿拉善地区土壤盐渍化的遥感反演及分布特征     

赵欣悦  席海洋  赵静  马克华  程文举  陈雨晴 《中国沙漠》2023,43(1):27-36

土壤盐渍化是威胁干旱区土地的重要环境问题。利用遥感技术对土壤盐渍化进行动态监测,分析土壤盐度水平与空间分布,有利于掌握土壤盐渍化现状,为土地资源可持续利用提供理论依据。现有研究多在田间尺度,随着土壤环境问题涉及的范围越来越大,区域斑块信息的提取已无法满足宏观地模拟和展示整体土壤环境的空间分布。以阿拉善地区为例,结合遥感光谱指数与实测土壤盐分数据,运用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）方法,构建区域尺度范围的土壤盐渍化反演模型,实现大面积地区土壤盐度的精准模拟和定量监测。结果表明,构建的模型验证精度达到0.8788,达到极显著水平,预测结果与实际情况相符,可以较准确地模拟研究区土壤盐渍化状况。受地形、气候、景观类型、农业活动以及土地管理等因素的综合影响,阿拉善地区约20%的区域土壤呈现出不同程度的盐渍化,其中黑河下游河岸带、雅布赖山西侧及贺兰山西侧冲积扇土壤盐渍化程度最为严重。本研究可为大面积区域土壤盐分状况的快速监测及遥感定量反演提供可行的方法,同时为该区域不同程度盐渍化土壤的治理和土地利用管理提供依据。  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variations of water use efficiency and its driving factors in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020     

MEI Li  TONG Siqin  YIN Shan  BAO Yuhai  HUANG Xiaojun  ALATENG Tuya  WANG Yongfang  GUO Enliang  YUAN Zhihui  NASHUN Dalai  GAO Suriguga  LIU Xinyi  YE Zhigang 《地理学报(英文版)》2023,33(1):169-194

Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important variable to explore coupled relationships in carbon and water cycles. In this study, we first compared the spatial variations of annual gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) using four GPP and ET products. Second, we selected the products closest to the flux towers data to estimate WUE. Finally, we quantitatively analyzed the impact of climate change and soil water content on WUE. The results showed that: (1) Four GPP and ET products provided good performance, with GOSIF-GPP and FLDAS-ET exhibiting a higher correlation and the smallest errors with the flux tower data. (2) The spatial pattern of WUE is consistent with that of GPP and ET, gradually decreasing from the northeast to the southwest. Higher WUE values appeared in the northeast forest ecosystem, and lower WUE values occurred in the western Gobi Desert, with a value of 0.28 gC m^?2 mm^?1. The GPP and ET products showed an increasing trend, while WUE showed a decreasing trend (55.15%) from 2001 to 2020. (3) The spatial relationship between WUE and driving factors reveal the variations in WUE of Inner Mongolia are mainly affected by soil moisture between 0 and 10 cm (SM0-10cm), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and precipitation, respectively. (4) In arid regions, VPD and precipitation exhibit a major influence on WUE. An increase in VPD and precipitation has a negative and positive effect on WUE, with threshold values of approximately 0.36 kPa and 426 mm, respectively. (5) In humid regions, SM0-10cm, VPD, SM10-40cm, and SM40-100cm exert a significant impact on WUE, especially SM0-10cm, and weakens with increasing soil depths, these differences may be related to physiological structure and living characteristics of vegetation types in different climate regimes. Our results emphasize the importance of VPD and soil moisture in regional variability in WUE.  相似文献   

The Influence of Plantation on Soil Carbon and Nutrients: Focusing on Tibetan Artificial Forests     

LIU Ruixuan  YAO Yuan  ZHANG Sheng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2023,14(1):57-66

As terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sinks, plantation ecosystems play essential roles in species diversity protection, resource supply and climate change. Artificial afforestation is of great important in improving the ecological condition, economic development and production in Tibet. Forests can improve soil property changes, yet the understanding of how plantations influence soil C and nutrient conditions in Tibet is still insufficient. This review combines with previous studies to explore the characteristics of soil nutrients, involving nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on Tibetan poplar plantations. Generally, plantations have better abilities in improving the soil C and N cycles, and enhancing the soil stability. In this review, we further analyze the factors, including the modality of land-use, afforested period, tree species, climate factors and soil properties, which may affect the soil C and nutrients. (1) The patterns of land-use affect the accumulation of soil organic matter, thus influence the accumulation of soil C and nutrients; (2) Soil C and N increase with the years of artificial forests, while soil P is on the contrary; (3) The effects of different tree species on soil C and nutrients vary widely; (4) In terms of climate, the C sink of Tibetan plantation soil is most likely to be affected by precipitation, while the nutrient is more likely to be influenced by temperature; (5) Among soil properties, the most related factor to C is soil texture. Furthermore, our review pointed out that future research on soil ecological functions should be focused on soil microbes on Tibet plantation. At the end, we concluded three major challenges for the future research. Therefore, this review contributes to a better understand the effects of plantation on soil C and nutrients on the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

Elevation,slope aspect and integrated nutrient management effects on crop productivity and soil quality in North-west Himalayas,India     

Birendra Nath Ghosh  Narinder Kumar Sharma  Nurnabi Meherul Alam  Raman Jeet Singh  Gopal Prasad Juyal 《山地科学学报》2014,11(5):1208-1217

On farm bio-resource recycling has been given greater emphasis with the introduction of conservation agriculture specifically withclimate change scenarios in the mid-hills of the north-west Himalaya region（NWHR）. Under this changing scenario, elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） may affect significantly soil quality and crop productivity. A study was conducted during 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 at the Ashti watershed of NWHR in a rainfed condition to examine the influence of elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） on soil resource and crop productivity. Two years of farm demonstration trials indicated that crop productivity and soil quality is significantly affected by elevation, slope aspect and INM. Results showed that wheat equivalent yield（WEY） of improved technology increased crop productivity by -20%-37% compared to the conventional system. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-17%. North aspect and higher elevation increased crop productivity by 15%-25% compared to south aspect and low elevation（except paddy）. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-15%. Irrespective of slope, elevation and cropping system, the WEY increased by -30% in this region due to INMtechnology. The influence of elevation, slope aspect and INM significantly affected soil resources（SQI） and soil carbon change（SCC）. SCC is significantly correlated with SQI for conventional（R2 = 0.65＊）, INM technology（R2 = 0.81＊） and for both technologies（R2 = 0.73＊）. It is recommended that at higher elevation.（except for paddy soils） with a north facing slope, INM is recommended for higher crop productivity; conservation of soil resources is recommended for the mid hills of NWHR; and single values of SCC are appropriate as a SQI for this region.  相似文献   

长白山区暗棕壤成土作用地球化学特征     

田密  王志华  白荣杰  孙淑梅  王大勇 《世界地质(英文版)》2014,(3)

以代表性暗棕壤垂直剖面土壤地球化学数据为依据,研究了长白山区特定的森林景观条件下成土过程中元素的分异与富集特征。研究结果表明,在岩石风化过程中主要以CaO、 Na2 O、 Sr淋溶为主,有机酸淋溶过程中SiO2、 Al2 O3、 K2 O部分被淋溶,部分游离铁下渗到土体中下部氧化成铁锰胶膜;微量元素在风化过程中被次生黏土矿物吸附,不同程度地富集,在腐殖质积累过程中Cd、 Zn、Pb、 Mo、 Hg、 Co、 Mn、 Cr等亲生物元素进一步富集于表层土壤, Ce、 Ni、 Sb、 Ti、 V、 Y、 Zr在表生环境中地球化学性质稳定,残留富集于土壤表层。母质层继承和保留了基岩元素地球化学分布的基本特征。  相似文献   

梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)主根周围土壤特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

楚新正  马倩  马晓飞  徐莉  马婕 《中国沙漠》2014,34(1):170-175

通过建立米级的空间尺度进行分层取样,研究了准噶尔盆地南缘建群种——梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)主根周围土壤的含水率、容重、pH值、电导率和养分含量的变化状况。结果表明:(1)土壤含水量在表层5cm处最小,土壤容重在0~40cm土层变动幅度不大,但随着与茎基垂线距离的增加,二者出现显著变化(p0.05)。(2)土壤pH值和电导率在主根区周围呈现聚集现象,最大聚集率均在0~1m圈层,但随着距离的增加,土层深度逐渐成为主导因素。(3)土壤养分在表层5cm处聚集,但水平聚集范围中除有机质和全氮可扩增到3~4m外,全磷和速效养分均在0~2m。本研究结论对于荒漠区耐盐性植被的合理密植有一定的理论意义。  相似文献   

土壤地球化学测量在辽宁省开原市小甸子银金多金属矿区的找矿效果     

时林  李明  崔永文 《盐湖研究》2014,(3):15-20

在勘查区内通过1∶10 000土壤地球化学测量工作发现多处异常,结合区内成矿地质条件及矿种属性可将异常划分为3个异常区带,即西部HT1、东部HT2、南部HT3。经地表探槽工程揭露部分异常与已知矿体较为吻合,并且在勘查区东部HT2-3异常带内新发现4条蚀变岩型Zn矿体。土壤地球化学测量在该区地质找矿中发挥了重要的指导作用,取得了良好的找矿效果。  相似文献