An analytical solution for one-dimensional contaminant diffusion through multi-layered system and its applications     

Yunmin Chen  Haijian Xie  Han Ke  Renpeng Chen 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(5):1083-1094

An analytical solution for one-dimensional contaminant diffusion through multi-layered media is derived regarding the change of the concentration of contaminants at the top boundary with time. The model accounts for the arbitrary initial conditions and the conditions of zero concentration and zero mass flux on the bottom boundary. The average degree of diffusion of the layered system is introduced on the basis of the solution. The results obtained by the presented analytical solutions agree well with those obtained by the numerical methods presented in the literature papers. The application of the analytical solution to the problem of landfill liner design is illustrated by considering a composite liner consisting of geomembrane and compacted clay liner. The results show that the 100-year mass flux of benzene at the bottom of the composite liner is 45 times higher than that of acetone for the same composite liner. The half-life of the contaminant has a great influence on the solute flux of benzene diffused into the underlying aquifer. Results also indicates that an additional 2.9–5.0 m of the conventional (untreated) compacted clay liner under the geomembrane is required to achieve the same level of protection as provided by 0.60 m of the Hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)-treated compacted clay liners in conjunction with the geomembrane. Applications of the solution are also presented in the context of a contaminated two-layered media to demonstrate that different boundary and initial conditions can greatly affect the decontamination rate of the problem. The method is relatively simple to apply and can be used for performing equivalency analysis of landfill liners, preliminary design of groundwater remediation system, evaluating experimental results, and verifying more complex numerical models.  相似文献   

基于电容率法的矿藏勘探新方法研究     

刘红岐  邓友明  夏宏泉  邱春宁  刘诗琼  唐洪  蒋成思 《地球科学进展》2009,24(9):1051-1056

重点介绍了NaC l溶液的电容随着溶液矿化度、测量极板之间的距离以及测量频率的变化规律。结果表明,在直接测量电容的情况下,NaC l溶液的电容随着极板距离的增加按负平方关系减小;随着溶液浓度的增加按平方关系增加;随着频率的增加按负幂指数规律减小。通过和NaC l溶液电阻的对比发现,同样的条件下,电容的变化率比电阻明显,这将有助于地层流体的识别,尤其是目前大量存在的水淹油气层、低阻油气层和薄油层。基于以上结论,提出了第二介电常数的概念,第二介电常数不同于传统介电常数的关键之处在于:第二介电常数是直接测量介质的介电特性,而不是将其置于极板之间进行测量。还指出,在进行交流电测井时,地层的电容信号也同样能反映出地层及其孔隙流体的特征,在此基础上提出了电容率法测井的想法,即在测量地层电阻率的同时,还要进行电容率的测量,来反映地层及其孔隙流体电容率的信息。此外,还提出了两电极法进行地面电容率勘探的设想,这种方法不仅能够用于找油找气,还可以探测金属矿藏。  相似文献   

镉-钙羟基磷灰石固溶体晶须的液相合成及其晶体化学与热力学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胥焕岩  刘羽  彭明生  吴泽  丁军 《矿物岩石》2009,29(2)

通过XRD、FT—IR和SEM等方法对采用液相化学反应法合成的镉-钙羟基磷灰石（cadmium—calcium hydroxyapatite,Cd—CaHap）连续固溶体进行分析,结果表明：Cd—CaHap中没有杂质相存在,是纯的固溶体晶须。它们的晶胞参数a和c、晶胞体积V随Cd离子替换量x（原子百分数）的增加呈线性减小,线性方程分别为：a=0．94727—9．159×10^-5x（R=0．9847）;c=0．688682．070×10^-4X（R=0．9815）;V=0．5357—2．74×10^-4X（R=0．9925）。随Cd离子含量的增加,固溶体的标准摩尔生成焓呈线性增加：△fH=46．53402x-13316．31257（R=0．99998）。摩尔混合焓△mH曲线的非对称性则说明替换后的Cd离子在磷灰石结构中可能存在着优先占位的倾向。  相似文献   

Unbiased estimation formula of unit weight standard deviation in regularization solution     

SHENYunzhong LIUDajie 《地球空间信息科学学报》2004,7(3):210-213

Regularization method is an effective method for solving ill-posed equation. In this paper the unbiased estimation formula of unit weight standard deviation in the regularization solution is derived and the formula is verified with numerical case of 1000 sample data by use of the typical ill-posed equation, i.e. the Fredholm integration equation of the first kind.  相似文献   

Energy distribution of a charged black hole with a minimally coupled scalar field     

Paul Halpern 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2008,313(4):357-361

  相似文献   

山东地区各分区地震应力场特征分析   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

张玲  周翠英  王锋吉  姜寿清  钟普浴 《华北地震科学》2004,22(4):12-15

对山东地区胶东、沂沭、鲁西南等各分区小区域综合震源机制进行了计算分析,结合以往的工作结果。研究了山东区域背景应力场方向的总体特征和各分区主压和主张应力轴方向的动态变化,简单分析了应力场方向动态变化与本区中强地震的可能关系。  相似文献   

露头处具有淤泥层的滨海含水层系统中海潮引起的水头波动     

李海龙  任亚坤  李国徽  郭巧娜 《地球科学》2008,33(2):273-278

滨海地区社会与经济的发展引发了各种各样的水文地质问题, 因此对滨海地区的水文地质条件, 尤其是地下水与海水之间的水力联系的研究尤为重要.本文考察了海底露头处具有淤泥层的滨海含水层系统中由海潮引起的水头波动.该系统由潜水含水层、承压含水层和介于其间的弱透水层构成.建立了该系统的数学模型, 得到了该模型的解析解.该解析解包含2个无量纲参数: 弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数.解析解表明, 淤泥层使各处的水头波幅被缩小了一个常数倍(波幅缩减因子), 并使各处的波动相位产生了一个不超过45°的正位移常数(时滞).该时滞对半日潮不超过1.5h, 对全日潮不超过3h.波幅缩减因子和正位移常数只与弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数有关.当这两个无量纲参数取某些特殊值时, 本次研究的解和前人考虑的几种较简单情形所对应的解一致.承压含水层中水头波幅随着淤泥层的相对透水系数的递增而严格递增, 随弱透水层的相对越流系数的递增而严格递减; 波动相位随着这2个无量纲参数的递增均严格递减.分析表明弱透水层的越流和淤泥层的存在均对承压含水层水头波动有显著影响.   相似文献   

群桩桩间横观各向同性土体固结问题级数解   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高子坤 《岩土力学》2008,29(3):775-779

通过分析群桩成桩后桩间土体固结的边界条件和初始条件,建立了饱和黏土中群桩桩间横观各向同性土体的空间轴对称固结问题的定解条件,应用数学物理方法求得该问题的级数解。通过土体固结与桩承载力的时效性之间的关系,利用承载力的实测资料换算得到的等效固结度,验证了解的合理性和适用性。同样,应用级数解求得的桩间土体的固结度可用于群桩基础的承载力的时效分析。  相似文献   

Feasibility Study on Determining Focal Mechanism Solutions of Small Earthquakes Using the Velocity Amplitude Ratio of P-and S-Waves     

Zhang Yongjiu  Cheng Wanzheng 《中国地震研究》2008,22(3)

The focal mechanism parameters of small earthquakes are determined by the maximum velocity and displacement amplitude ratio of the direct P-and S-waves recorded by digital stations. The displacement is obtained from the velocity by emulation, and the two results are compared and analyzed. Results of the oretical analysis and practical measurement indicate that the two results of velocity and displacement are consistent, and it is feasible that the maximum displacement amplitude ratio be replaced by the maximum velocity amplitude ratio of the direct P-and S-waves recorded by regional seismic networks when determining focal mechanism solutions of small earthquakes.  相似文献   

晋冀鲁豫相邻地区中小地震震源机制特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

闫俊岗  王利兵  孙晴 《山西地震》2008,(4)

采用从震源向上射出的直达P波和直达S波引起的地动位移振幅比,结合P波初动方向来求解震源机制的方法,得到晋冀鲁豫相邻地区102个地震的震源机制解。并进行系统聚类分析,发现中小地震显示散乱,表明强震是大范围应力积累释放的表现形式;小地震具有随机性,受局部因素影响较大,对华北构造应力场的控制作用较弱。  相似文献