Biogeochemistry of sterols in plankton, settling particles and recent sediments in a cold ocean ecosystem (Trinity Bay, Newfoundland)     

Edward D. Hudson  Christopher C. Parrish  Robert J. Helleur 《Marine Chemistry》2001,76(4)

In the context of a multidisciplinary study to determine current and past ecosystem health and the relative contributions of sources of organic matter (marine vs. terrestrial and natural vs. anthropogenic input), sterols were determined in plankton, settling particles and sediments from Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, a sub-polar Atlantic Ocean ecosystem. The centric diatoms Chaetoceros spp., Thalassiosira spp. and Leptocylindrus danicus were all prominent in the plankton samples, and centric diatoms predominated in the settling particles. Plankton samples contained 0.4±0.4 mg/g dw (1995) or 1.4±1.3 mg/g dw (1996) total sterols, with cholesta-5,24-dien-3β-ol (mean 26% of total sterols), cholest-5-en-3β-ol (24%) and cholesta-5,22(E)-dien-3β-ol (13%) chief among these, denoting diatom and zooplankton sources. In settling particles, the prominence of cholesta-5,24-dien-3β-ol (24%), cholest-5-en-3β-ol (24%), cholesta-5,22(E)-dien-3β-ol (13%) and 24-methylcholesta-5,22(E)-dien-3β-ol (9%) again suggested mainly marine sources. The sterol composition of plankton and settling particles from different sampling periods showed a high degree of consistency. Higher plant C₂₉ sterols (notably 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol, 9–26%) were prominent in sediments from both inshore and offshore sites. No decreasing trend in total or individual sterols was observed down the 30-cm sediment cores, suggesting good overall preservation. No 5β-stanols such as 5β-cholestan-3β-ol (coprostanol) were detected in offshore sediments, plankton or settling particles, with only low levels (5β-cholestan-3β-ol max. 4.4%, 5β-cholestan-3α-ol max. 5.1%) in certain inshore sediments. This suggests that raw sewage discharges in rural Newfoundland are being efficiently degraded or dispersed, or that inputs are highly localized. Source apportionation of organic matter in the sediment samples based on sterol composition was attempted. This highlighted the large terrestrial contribution to the sterols in marine sediments (up to 58% of sterols inshore, 24% offshore) and suggests either degradation or effective recycling of marine sterols.  相似文献   

锰离子对斜生栅藻DHD-3 的生长和油脂积累的调控作用     

袁程  刘君寒  任晓慧  李福利 《海洋科学》2012,36(2):62-66

研究了培养液中不同锰离子浓度对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)DHD-3 的生长、油脂积累以及脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明, 培养液中不同初始浓度的锰离子对斜生栅藻早期叶绿素积累和生长会产生一定的调节作用, 过高或过低的锰离子都不利于斜生栅藻细胞内叶绿素的积累、微藻的生长和油脂的积累。经过14 d 培养后, 当初始锰离子的添加量为2.72 mg/L 时, 斜生栅藻的生物量和细胞内油脂含量分别达到2.9 g/L 和细胞干重的55.1%, 细胞内油脂含量比对照组提高了11%; 同时, 单位水体中油脂的产量达到了1.6 g/L, 比对照组提高了14%, 但改变锰离子的初始浓度并不对斜生栅藻脂肪酸的组成产生明显影响。  相似文献   

Biodegradation of Acetamiprid by Isolated Bacterial Strain Rhodococcus sp. BCH2 and Toxicological Analysis of Its Metabolites in Silkworm (Bombax mori)          下载免费PDF全文

Swapnil S. Phugare  Jyoti P. Jadhav 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(2):296-304

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外源脱落酸对低温胁迫下圆柏属植物幼苗生理特性的影响     

杨志娟  陈银萍  李冬花  张正庆  郝海艳  张风霞  苏向楠 《冰川冻土》2015,37(6):1642-1649

以3 a生圆柏和祁连圆柏幼苗为材料, 采用不同浓度脱落酸(ABA)预处理两种圆柏属幼苗, 测定-4℃低温胁迫处理第9 d叶片相对含水量(RWC)、相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性, 分析外源ABA对低温胁迫下圆柏属植物叶片膜脂过氧化和渗透调节物质的影响, 为培育较多品种的抗冷冻常绿植物提供理论依据. 结果表明: 低温胁迫下, 一定浓度的ABA预处理能有效保护幼苗叶片膜系统的稳定性、增加渗透调节物质含量和提高抗氧化酶活性, 其中30 mg·L^-1ABA预处理对提高圆柏抗寒性效果最好, 40 mg·L^-1ABA预处理对提高祁连圆柏抗寒性效果最好, 且在外源ABA预处理下, 祁连圆柏的抗寒性比圆柏的强. 因此, 施用适合浓度的ABA在提高圆柏属植物抗寒性方面具有较好的应用价值.  相似文献   

Origin of light volatile hydrocarbon gases in mud volcano fluids, Gulf of Cadiz — Evidence for multiple sources and transport mechanisms in active sedimentary wedges     

Marianne Nuzzo  Edward R.C. Hornibrook  Fiona Gill  Christian Hensen  Richard D. Pancost  Matthias Haeckel  Anja Reitz  Florian Scholz  Vitor H. Magalhes  Warner Brückmann  Luis M. Pinheiro 《Chemical Geology》2009,266(3-4):359-372

Widespread mud volcanism across the thick (≤ 14 km) seismically active sedimentary prism of the Gulf of Cadiz is driven by tectonic activity along extensive strike–slip faults and thrusts associated with the accommodation of the Africa–Eurasia convergence and building of the Arc of Gibraltar, respectively. An investigation of eleven active sites located on the Moroccan Margin and in deeper waters across the wedge showed that light volatile hydrocarbon gases vented at the mud volcanoes (MVs) have distinct, mainly thermogenic, origins. Gases of higher and lower thermal maturities are mixed at Ginsburg and Mercator MVs on the Moroccan Margin, probably because high maturity gases that are trapped beneath evaporite deposits are transported upwards at the MVs and mixed with shallower, less mature, thermogenic gases during migration. At all other sites except for the westernmost Porto MV, δ¹³C–CH₄ and δ²H–CH₄ values of ~ − 50‰ and − 200‰, respectively, suggest a common origin for methane; however, the ratio of CH₄/(C₂H₆ + C₃H₈) varies from ~ 10 to > 7000 between sites. Mixing of shallow biogenic and deep thermogenic gases cannot account for the observed compositions which instead result mainly from extensive migration of thermogenic gases in the deeply-buried sediments, possibly associated with biodegradation of C₂₊ homologues and secondary methane production at Captain Arutyunov and Carlos Ribeiro MVs. At the deep-water Bonjardim, Olenin and Carlos Ribeiro MVs, generation of C₂₊-enriched gases is probably promoted by high heat flux anomalies which have been measured in the western area of the wedge. At Porto MV, gases are highly enriched in CH₄ having δ¹³C–CH₄ ~ − 50‰, as at most sites, but markedly lower δ²H–CH₄ values < − 250‰, suggesting that it is not generated by thermal cracking of n-alkanes but rather that it has a deep Archaeal origin. The presence of petroleum-type hydrocarbons is consistent with a thermogenic origin, and at sites where CH₄ is predominant support the suggestion that gases have experienced extensive transport during which they mobilized oil from sediments ~ 2–4 km deep. These fluids then migrate into shallower, thermally immature muds, driving their mobilization and extrusion at the seafloor. At Porto MV, the limited presence of petroleum in mud breccia sediments further supports the hypothesis of a predominantly deep microbial origin of CH₄.  相似文献   

Composition and origin of lipid biomarkers in the surface sediments from the southern Challenger Deep,Mariana Trench     

Hongxiang Guan  Linying Chen  Min Luo  Lihua Liu  Shengyi Mao  Huangmin Ge  Mei Zhang  Jiasong Fang  Duofu Chen 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(1):351-360

The surface sediments collected from the southern Mariana Trench at water depths between ca. 4900 m and 7068 m were studied using lipid biomarker analyses to reveal the origin and distribution of organic matters. For all samples, an unresolved complex mixture (UCM) was present in the hydrocarbon fractions, wherein resistant component tricyclic terpanes were detected but C₂₇–C₂₉ regular steranes and hopanes indicative of a higher molecular weight range of petroleum were almost absent. This biomarker distribution patterns suggested that the UCM and tricyclic terpanes may be introduced by contamination of diesel fuels or shipping activities and oil seepage elsewhere. The well-developed faults and strike-slip faults in the Mariana subduction zone may serve as passages for the petroleum hydrocarbons. In addition, the relative high contents of even n-alkanes and low Carbon Preference Indices indicated that the n-alkanes were mainly derived from bacteria or algae. For GDGTs, the predominance of GDGT-0 and crenarchaeol, together with low GDGT-0/Crenarchaeol ratios (ranging from 0.86 to 1.64), suggests that the GDGTs in samples from the southern Mariana Trench were mainly derived from planktic Thaumarchaeota. However, the high GDGT-0/crenarchaeol ratio (10.5) in sample BC07 suggests that the GDGTs probably were introduced by methanogens in a more anoxic environment. Furthermore, the n-alkanes C₁₉–C₂₂ and the n-fatty acids C_20:0–C_22:0 were depleted in ¹³C by 3‰ compared to n-alkanes C₁₆–C₁₈ and the n-fatty acids C_14:0–C_18:0, respectively, which was interpreted to result from the preferential reaction of fatty acid fragments with carbon “lighter” terminal carboxyl groups during carbon chain elongation from the precursors to products. The abundance of total alkanes, carboxylic acids, alcohols and total lipids were generally increased along the down-going seaward plate, suggesting the lateral organic matter inputs play an important role in organic matter accumulation in hadal trenches. The extremely high contents of biomarkers in sample BC11 were most likely related to trench topography and current dynamics, since the lower steepness caused by graben texture and proximity to the trench axis may result in higher sedimentation rate. This paper, for the first time, showed the biomarker patterns in surface sediments of the Mariana Trench and shed light on biogeochemistry of the hardly reached trench environment.  相似文献   

A quantitative study of the degradation of whale bone lipids: Implications for the preservation of fatty acids in marine sediments     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

The degradation and preservation affecting the biomarker record of ancient metazoa are not fully understood. We report on a five month experiment on the fate of fatty acids (FAs) during the degradation of recent whale vertebrae (Phocoena phocoena). Whale bones were analysed for extractable FAs and macromolecularly bound n-acyl compounds. Fresh bone showed extractable FAs dominated by 16:1ω7c, 16:0, 18:1ω9c and 18:0. Calculated degradation rate constant (k) values showed a rapid decrease in FA concentration, with k values higher for unsaturated than for saturated compounds (0.08/day for 18:1ω9c, 0.05/day for 16:0). The appearance or increased abundance of distinctive methyl branched (e.g. i/ai-15:0 and -17:0, 10Me-16:0) and hydroxy FAs (e.g. 10OH-16:0 and 10OH-18:0) were observed, providing clear evidence for the microbial degradation of bone organic matter and an input of lipids from specialised bacteria. Catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) of demineralised extraction residues released up to 0.13% of the total n-C₁₆ and n-C₁₈ moieties in the degraded bones. This revealed that only a small, yet sizeable, portion of bone-derived fatty acyl units was sequestered into (proto)kerogen during the earliest stages of degradation.  相似文献   

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯体外抗氧化特性的研究     

薛长湖  陈磊  李兆杰  辛梅  林洪  于广利 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(4)

采用化学发光分析法研究岩藻聚糖硫酸酯清除超氧阴离子自由基 (O· -2 )及羟基自由基(· OH)的作用 ,并以高效液相色谱法研究对卵磷脂 (PC)过氧化的抑制能力。结果显示 :(1)三种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分均有清除活性氧自由基的能力 ,但清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力高于清除羟基自由基的能力。其中糖醛酸含量高和硫酸酯含量低的组分 清除自由基的能力最强 ,它对 O· -2 的IC50 为 0 .0 4 4 mg/m L,对· OH的 IC50 为 0 .0 6 2 mg/m L。 (2 )岩藻聚糖硫酯具有抑制 PC过氧化的能力。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分受活性氧损伤后 ,它们的抗氧化能力均降低。研究表明 ,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯具有较强的体外抗氧化的功能。  相似文献   

Application of pyrolysis–GC/MS for the characterisation of suspended particulate organic matter in the Mediterranean Sea: a comparison with the Black Sea     

Y. oban-Y&#x;ld&#x;z  D. Fabbri  D. Tartari  S. Tu rul  A. F. Gaines 《Organic Geochemistry》2000,31(12):399

Suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) both from the oligotrophic Mediterranean and from the more productive Black Sea has been analysed by pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) and by such conventional techniques as elemental analysis and fluorometry. The data achieved by the two approaches generally confirmed and complemented each other. The relative concentrations of pyrolysis products (termed markers) characteristic of chlorophyll (CHL), lipid, carbohydrate (CBH), and protein (PROT) components of SPOM have been determined. The vertical distribution of lipid markers was more uniform in the Mediterranean surface waters. Their relative abundance increased rapidly in the oxycline of the Black Sea, reaching their highest levels in the suboxic zone, where the protein composition of the SPOM changed significantly. In both seas, the relative concentrations of CHL markers increased consistently within the CHL maximum zone where the CBH markers were less abundant. No lignin markers from terrestrial vegetation were detected at significant levels in the pyrograms.  相似文献   

溶藻弧菌对三疣梭子蟹抗氧化酶系统的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈萍  李吉涛  李健  刘淇  刘萍 《海洋科学》2009,33(5):59-63

从患乳化病的养殖三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)体组织内分离出痛原菌--溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginglyticus),通过肌肉注射的方式对三疣梭子蟹进行感染实验,对照组注射等量的生理盐水,在感染后O、24、48和72 h分别采集不同处理组三疣梭子蟹的血淋巴、肌肉和肝胰腺组织,测定溶藻弧菌对其各组织抗氧化相关酶活的影响.结果表明:注射生理盐水的对照组三疣梭子蟹体组织中抗氧化酶和MDA含量在不同的采样时间变化不显著(P>0.05).与对照组比较,三疣梭子蟹感染溶藻弧菌后血淋巴、肌肉和肝胰腺组织中SOD活性随着感染时间的延长显著降低(P<0.05).在感染溶藻弧菌24 h时血淋巴和肝胰腺组织中GSH-px活性有增强的趋势(P>0.05),随后在感染48 h后GSH-px活性显著降低(P<0.05);感染组各体组织中的MDA含量均随着感染时间的延长而显著上升(P<0.05).结果显示梭子蟹感染溶藻弧菌后机体消除氧化过程自由基的抗氧化酶活降低,脂质过氧化物水平升高,使得抗氧化防御能力下降.  相似文献