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31.
川西北松潘-甘孜地块大石包组玄武岩成因及其形成构造背景 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
川西北松潘-甘孜地块内二叠世大石包组玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的地球化学性质,形成于大陆板内环境。通过与典型峨眉山玄武岩之地球化学组成的对比研究,认为大石包玄武岩与峨眉山玄武岩中的高钛类玄武岩性质相同,两者具有一个共同的成因,即都是峨眉山地幔柱活动的产物。由此推测峨眉山玄武岩不仅分布在扬子地块内部,向西还有一定的延伸,同时暗示了峨眉山地幔柱头部可能具有比现在所认识的更大的规模。 相似文献
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武当地块基性岩席群及其地质意义 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
侵位于武当地块内部的大量的板状为基性侵入体近年来一直被认为是800Ma左右发生的扬子古大陆裂解的重要依据。然而作者在武当地块北缘与西南部所做的1:5万地质填图以及相应的构造学和同位素年代学研究表明,它们与武当地块顺层伸展滑脱构造主滑脱面之顺层韧性一韧性变形带有密切的空间关系,是被褶皱了的岩席群。最新获得的岩体单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为401-407Ma,结合已有的地球化学研究成果,并考虑到邻区同时代碱性岩浆的侵位,作者认为,这套基性岩群代表了泥盆纪时南秦岭地区曾发生过大规模的上地幔岩浆的底侵作用,并因此导致南秦岭上部地壳的伸展减薄。 相似文献
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尚南断块位于山东省胜利油田东营凹陷尚店油田西南部。该区的古近系东营组顶底均为不整合面或沉积间断面,发育了较好的湖侵三角洲相沉积。基于100余口钻井、地震资料,70多张单井剖面柱状图编制及14条剖面的对比,进行了东营组精细沉积相研究,编制出30余幅沉积微相投点图和岩相古地理图。研究表明,东营 沉积时期气候潮湿、雨水丰沛、河流纵横、湖泊扩大、湖水变深等为处于斜坡地区的尚南地区发育湖侵期三角洲提供了良好的条件。控制该区沉积和地层发育的区域性物源来自埕宁隆起和鲁西隆起,但来自滨县凸起和林樊家突起的局部物源也有很大影响。东营期岩相古地理经历了早、中、晚期的演化,早期发育了以三角洲平原为主的沉积环境,中期形成了大范围的破坏性三角洲环境,晚期以前三角洲环境为特色。 相似文献
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The origin of the Baikal rift zone (BRZ) has been debated between the advocates of passive and active rifting since the 1970s. A re-assessment of the relevant geological and geophysical data from Russian and international literature questions the concept of broad asthenospheric upwelling beneath the rift zone that has been the cornerstone of many “active rifting” models. Results of a large number of early and recent studies favour the role of far-field forces in the opening and development of the BRZ. This study emphasises the data obtained through studies of peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths brought to the surface by alkali basaltic magmas in southern Siberia and central Mongolia. These xenoliths are direct samples of the upper mantle in the vicinity of the BRZ. Of particular importance are suites of garnet-bearing xenoliths that have been used to construct P–T- composition lithospheric cross-sections in the region for the depth range of 35–80 km.Xenolith studies have shown fundamental differences in the composition and thermal regime between the lithospheric mantle beneath the ancient Siberian platform (sampled by kimberlites) and beneath younger mobile belts south of the platform. The uppermost mantle in southern Siberia and central Mongolia is much hotter at similar levels than the mantle in the Siberian craton and also has significantly higher contents of ‘basaltic’ major elements (Ca, Al, Na) and iron, higher Fe/Si and Fe/Mg. The combination of the moderately high geothermal gradient and the fertile compositions in the off-cratonic mantle appears to be a determining factor controlling differences in sub-Moho seismic velocities relative to the Siberian craton. Chemical and isotopic compositions of the off-cratonic xenoliths indicate small-scale and regional mantle heterogeneities attributed to various partial melting and enrichment events, consistent with long-term evolution in the lithospheric mantle. Age estimates of mantle events based on Os–Sr–Nd isotopic data can be correlated with major regional stages of crustal formation and may indicate long-term crust–mantle coupling. The ratios of 143/144Nd in many LREE-depleted xenoliths are higher than those in MORB or OIB source regions and are not consistent with a recent origin from asthenospheric mantle.Mantle xenoliths nearest to the rift basins (30–50 km south of southern Lake Baikal) show no unequivocal evidence for strong heating, unusual stress and deformation, solid state flow, magmatic activity or partial melting that could be indicative of an asthenospheric intrusion right below the Moho. Comparisons between xenoliths from older and younger volcanic rocks east of Lake Baikal, together with observations on phase transformations and mineral zoning in individual xenoliths, have indicated recent heating in portions of the lithospheric mantle that may be related to localised magmatic activity or small-scale ascent of deep mantle material. Overall, the petrographic, P–T, chemical and isotopic constraints from mantle xenoliths appear to be consistent with recent geophysical studies, which found no evidence for a large-scale asthenospheric upwarp beneath the rift, and lend support to passive rifting mechanism for the BRZ. 相似文献
36.
The geological and geodynamic evolution of the eastern Black Sea basin: insights from 2-D and 3-D tectonic modelling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Subsidence mechanisms that may have controlled the evolution of the eastern Black Sea have been studied and simulated using a numerical model that integrates structural, thermal, isostatic and surface processes in both two- (2-D) and three-dimensions (3-D). The model enables the forward modelling of extensional basin evolution followed by deformation due to subsequent extensional and compressional events. Seismic data show that the eastern Black Sea has evolved via a sequence of interrelated tectonic events that began with early Tertiary rifting followed by several phases of compression, mainly confined to the edges of the basin. A large magnitude (approximately 12 km) of regional subsidence also occurred in the central basin throughout the Tertiary. Models that simulate the magnitude of observed fault controlled extension (β=1.13) do not reproduce the total depth of the basin. Similarly, the modelling of compressional deformation around the edges of the basin does little to enhance subsidence in the central basin. A modelling approach that quantifies lithosphere extension according to the amount of observed crustal thinning and thickening across the basin provides the closest match to overall subsidence. The modelling also shows that deep crustal and mantle–lithosphere processes can significantly influence the rate and magnitude of syn- to post-rift subsidence and shows that such mechanisms may have played an important role in forming the anomalously thin syn-rift and thick Miocene–Quaternary sequences observed in the basin. It is also suggested that extension of a 40–45 km thick pre-rift crust is required to generate the observed magnitude of total subsidence when considering a realistic bathymetry. 相似文献
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Diamondiferous Group A eclogites constitute a minor portion of the mantle-derived xenoliths in the eastern Finland kimberlites. They have been derived from the depth interval 150–230 km where they are inferred to occur as thin layers or small pods within coarse-grained garnet peridotites. The chemical and isotopic composition of minerals suggest that they represent (Proterozoic?) mantle-derived melts or cumulates rather than subducted oceanic lithosphere. During magma ascent and emplacement of the kimberlites, the eclogite xenoliths were mechanically and chemically rounded judging from the types of surface markings. In addition, those octahedral crystal faces of diamonds that were partially exposed from the rounded eclogite xenolith became covered by trigons and overlain by microlamination due to their reaction with the kimberlite magma. The diamonds bear evidence of pervasive plastic deformation which is not, however, evident in the eclogite host. This suggests that annealing at ambient lithospheric temperatures has effectively recrystallised the silicates while the diamond has retained its lattice imperfections and thus still has the potential to yield information about ancient mantle deformation. One of our samples is estimated to contain approximately 90,000 ct/ton diamond implying that some diamonds occur within very high-grade pods or thin seams in the lithospheric mantle. To our knowledge, this is one of the most diamondiferous samples described. 相似文献
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