Himalayan structure and metamorphism south of the Main Mantle Thrust, Lower Swat, Pakistan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. A. DIPIETRO  R. D. LAWRENCE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1991,9(4):481-495

Abstract During the Eocene-Oligocene, the Indian plate collided with the Kohistan arc along the Main Mantle Thrust (MMT) zone. The structure of the Lower Swat rock sequence, on the Indian plate directly south of the MMT, is a dome with a basement of granitic gneiss and quartz-rich schist unconformably overlain by amphibolitic and calcareous schist. The earliest superposed small-scale folds (F1 & F2) represent a progressive F1/F2 deformation that is associated with a single set of WSW-vergent large-scale folds (termed F2). These folds are inferred to have developed during oblique, WSW-directed overthrusting of the MMT suture complex onto the Lower Swat rock sequence. Metamorphism began during F1/F2 as indicated by an S1 foliation that developed during biotite-grade metamorphism. S1 is preserved as a relict texture in porphyroblasts that grew during a subsequent interkinematic phase during garnet- and higher grade metamorphism. The dominant, regional foliation (S2) developed following the interkinematic phase. S2 is associated with transposition of S1 and rotation or dismemberment of porphyroblasts. Annealing recrystallization followed S2 and continued during F3 thereby destroying or masking possible pre-existing stretching fabrics. Superposed F3 folds are upright and open with N-S axial trends. They may correlate with early doming of the Lower Swat rock sequence and with strike-slip displacement in the northern part of the MMT zone, north of the Lower Swat area. F3 was followed by retrograde metamorphism and development of E-W-trending, S-vergent F4 folds. F4 may be associated with a final phase of southward directed thrusting and inactivity in the MMT zone. Correlation of published ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages with the metamorphic fabrics suggests that F1/F2 and F3 occurred in the Eocene, and that F4 developed in the Oligocene. F4 is the earliest indication of southward verging structures on this part of the Indian plate.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations in the compositions of Upper Miocene to Recent basic lavas in the northern main Ethiopian rift: Implications for the causes of Cenozoic magmatism in Ethiopia     

B. Wolde 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(2):380-389

The rate of lithospheric extension has previously been suggested as the most important factor governing the compositions of magmas generated in the Cenozoic Ethiopian volcanic province (CEVP). However, the distribution and chemistry of volcanic rocks extending from the western plateau margin at Addis Ababa to the rift floor in Nazret, northern sector of the main Ethiopian rift (MER), suggest that transitional magmatism in the region may have been triggered by an increase in the amount of lithospheric extension in the Early Pliocene. The rocks occur across an area of variable crustal thickness and show a general age progression from Upper Miocene (≤9 Ma) to Recent toward the rift. Alkalic basalts are extensive in the western part of the rift and along its margin but are found only locally within the rift, whereas transitional basalts are found within the rift only. Both types of basalts appear to have been derived from a common mantle source. In contrast, alkalic and transitional basalts on the Ethiopian plateau are mutually exclusive in terms of their spatial distribution, but exhibit a compositional contiguity which suggests that transitional magmas on the plateau formed at the expense of alkalic magmas, i.e. by equilibration of alkalic magmas at relatively shallow depth. The alkalic basalts bear clear record of a decrease in the degree of partial melting with time, suggesting that magmatism on the plateau was possibly triggered by a transient thermal anomaly.  相似文献   

1992年吉尔吉斯苏撒孟尔7.3级地震的地震构造与地震破裂     

苏宗正阿勃.  KE 《山西地震》1996,(2):1-8

１９９２年８月１９日吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国苏撒孟尔盆地发生７．３级地震，主余震为６．７级。地震发生于北天山褶皱带内。震中烈度Ⅸ度。极震区内地震滑坡、崩塌呈ＥＷ向带状分布，并有地裂、泥砂喷发现象发生。主震和主余震的宏观震中区均产生地震断层陡坎。主震断层陡坎最高３．３５ｍ，陡坎总长度为１ｋｍ，陡坎走向为Ｎ６５°Ｅ～Ｎ８０°Ｅ，主震断层以逆推为主，并兼有右旋扭动。地震断层自南向北逆冲的水平距离是２ｍ左右。主余震断层陡坎长３ｋｍ，走向Ｎ６５°Ｗ，高７５ｃｍ左右。探槽开挖证实，主余震断层产状为Ｎ７２°Ｗ／１９２°∠１０°，地震时由南向北逆冲的水平距离是１ｍ。Ⅶ度以上等烈度线特征、地震地表破裂和震源机制解结果三者有关地震断错的结论一致  相似文献   

广东省主要行业经济效益的比较研究     

胡新艳 《热带地理》1996,16(4):357-361

本文利用１９９３年主要行业经济效益统计指标，运用因子分析，聚类分析方法对广东省１８个主要行业的经济效益进行比较分析，抽取３个主因子，根据主因子得分，将广东省主要行业划分为４种类型，并分析各种类型的优势及存在的不足，进而提出调整，扶持，引导和促进主要行业发展的具体措施。  相似文献   

利用第七代IGRF计算1995.0年中国及邻区地磁场   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

安振昌 《地球物理学进展》1997,12(3):22-26

本文介绍了第七代国际地磁参考场，利用ＩＧＲＦ１９９５计划并绘制１９９５．０年中国及邻区地磁图，考虑了地球扁率对计算结果的影响。  相似文献   

Tectonothermal evolution of the Lesser Himalaya, Nepal: Constraints from ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages from the Kathmandu Nappe     

Kazunori  Arita  R. David  Dallmeyer Akira  Takasu 《Island Arc》1997,6(4):372-385

Abstract The Himalaya is a fold-and-thrust wedge formed along the northern margin of the Indian continent, and consists of three thrust-bounded lithotectonic units; the Sub-Himalaya, the Lesser Himalaya, and the Higher Himalaya with the overlying Tethys Himalaya from south to north, respectively. The orogen-scale, intracrustal thrusts which bound the above lithotectonic units are splays off an underlying subhorizontal dkcollement, and show a southward propagating piggy-back sequence with an out-of-sequence thrust. Among these thrusts, the Main Central Thrust zone (MCT zone) has played a major role in Himalayan tectonics. The MCT zone represents a shear zone which has accommodated southward thrusting of the Higher Himalayan crystalline thrust sheet over the Lesser Himalayan sequence for ～140 km. The Kathmandu Nappe in central Nepal has been transported over the Lesser Himalayan metasediments along the MCT zone, and is locally separated from the Higher Himalayan thrust sheet in the north by an out-of-sequence thrust. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages have been determined for one whole-rock phyllite and six muscovite concentrates from metasedimenta-ry rocks and variably deformed granites in the Kathmandu Nappe. These ages range from 44 Ma to 14 Ma, and suggest a record of both Eo-Himalayan (Eocene) and Neo-Himalayan (Miocene) tectonothermal events in the Tertiary Himalayan orogeny. The Miocene event was associated with translation along the MCT zone. No tectonothermal event of the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene ages have been reported near the MCT zone in southern Lesser Himalayan crystalline nappe or klippe, although such events have been documented within and around the MCT zone in the northern root zone of the Higher Himalaya. This suggests that out-of-sequence thrusting may have occurred between 14 Ma and 5 Ma, probably during the period 10-7.5 Ma. Since then the frontal MCT zone below the Kathmandu Nappe has been inactive, but the MCT zone in the northern root zone has remained active. The rapid increase in denudation rates of the Higher Himalaya since the Late Miocene may have been caused by ramping along the out-of-sequence thrust at depth.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅和青藏高原深剖面研究的进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵文津  黄立言  熊嘉育 《地球物理学报》1997,40(Z1):140-152

概述了1992─1996年中、美、德合作开展“喜马拉雅和青藏高原深剖面及综合研究”的主要进展，包括研究项目的提出、工作进展概况和取得的主要科学、技术成果；并对今后的工作提出了建议．  相似文献   

1900-2000年地球主磁场的本征模分析   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

徐文耀  孙炜 《地球物理学报》1998,41(1):1-9

利用1900-2000年国际参考地磁场模型（IGRF）,对地球主磁场的空间结构和长期变化进行了自然正交分量分析,得到了组成地磁场的主要成分（本征模）及其随时间的长期变化（SV）．第一本征模描述主磁场稳定结构的总体特征,其强度随时间单调减小;第二本征模主要描述印度洋和南大西洋地区正异常特征,其强度也随时间单调变化;第三本征模对应于加勒比地区正异常,其强度呈100a周期的变化,目前正处于下降阶段;第四本征模的主要特点是北美正异常和南亚负异常,其强度呈80a周期的变化;第五本征模对应尺度较小的局部磁异常,其强度的变化周期约60a;第六及其以后的本征模则对应空间尺度更小和时间变化更快的磁异常．分析表明,太平洋地区的磁场经历着缓慢的单调减小变化,其结构比较稳定,几乎完全包括在第一本征模中．但是,印度洋磁场结构较复杂,它是由空间结构不同和变化周期各异的多个本征模组成的．大西洋的北部、中部和南部分属不同本征模,它们有完全不同的时间变化特性．  相似文献   

国际参考地磁场模型中高阶球谐项对地磁场长期变化的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

徐文耀 《地球物理学报》2003,46(4):476-481

在国际参考地磁场（IGRF）模型中，高阶球谐系数比低阶系数小得多，所以高阶项对主磁场的贡献常被忽略不计. 但是，高阶项对主磁场的长期变化却有重大影响. 本文根据第八代IGRF模型，分析了IGRF 1945～1955中高阶球谐系数的异常特征对长期变化的影响，然后用修正IGRF模型估计并改正了这些影响. IGRF高阶项随深度增加而迅速增大，所以高阶系数的误差对深部磁场位形和磁场能量的计算有不可忽视的影响，对核幔界面流动状态的推断和地核半径的地磁估计有更为重大的影响.  相似文献   

长白山天池火山主断裂活动与热液蚀变带   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘明军  顾梦林  孙振国  魏海泉  金伯禄 《中国地震》2004,20(1):64-72

在野外考察中发现，天池破火山口内壁同一层位不同段的近水平向红褐色、砖红色热液蚀变带顶界面有明显高差热液蚀变顶界面，北段(靠近天文峰)比南段(朝鲜境内靠近将军峰)高出约110m。热液蚀变带顶界面可作为判断构造运动的标志面。北段与南段顶界面的高差，反映了自热液蚀变以来，天池火山北东向主断裂六道沟-天池-甑峰山断裂北西盘的抬升幅度大于南东盘，这可能是天池北西部较南东部地形坡度更陡、水系更发育的内在原因。北西向主断裂——白山镇-天池-金策断裂北东盘的抬升幅度大于南西盘。由热液蚀变和古风化壳特征观察到的北东向主断裂的近期垂向活动速率大于北西向主断裂的活动速率。这两条在天池交叉的主断裂将天池火山切割成4个块体，它们的抬升幅度从大到小依次为北、西、东、南块体。北块体抬升幅度最大，这与深地震测深、大地电磁探测等得出的天池北部岩浆囊较浅的结果有较好的对应关系和一定的成因联系。  相似文献