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本文根据澜沧-耿马地震序列余震分布图像的变化，以及用复合型法反演主震破裂过程的研究结果，提出了澜沧-耿马地区北北西走向顺向雁行型双断层力学模型．用断裂力学有限元方法进行数字模拟研究表明：模型中的两个内端点区之间是主压应力的相对低值区，而剪应力分布在两个内端点区为高值区且以较大梯度向中心衰减，两次７级地震后接连发生的４次近东西走向的６级余震主要发生在这一带．由于压应力的减弱、剪应力的增加，使近东西走向的断层上摩擦力减小，有利于发生剪切错动，引发近东西走向分布的强余震；当区域主压应力方向取北北东向时，断层的理论滑动矢量图显示出右旋走滑性质，与震源机制及地表考查结果一致．当区域主压应力方位取值在ＮＥ２５°附近且北部７．２级震区的弹性模量相对南部７．６级震区足够大时，北部断层１的相对滑动矢量可比南部断层２大，从而导致７．２级地震的震中烈度大于７．６级地震的烈度异常分布． 相似文献
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1954年山丹地震遗留至今的破裂带主要有 2条 :包代河至黑山头为主破裂带 ,长约 16ｋｍ ;独峰顶至坡拉麻顶为次级破裂带 ,断续分布长约 10ｋｍ .2条破裂带走向均为ＮＷ ,近于平行 ,二者相距约 6ｋｍ ,分别由地震断层、崩塌和地裂缝等构成 .(1)地震断层 :分布于包代河口至大峡河以东海拔 2 0 0 0ｍ左右的山麓地带 ,长度大于 2ｋｍ ,走向Ｎ50°Ｗ .地表破裂与先存断层重合 .在剖面上可见花岗岩与白垩系砂砾岩呈断层接触 .该断层水平和垂直位移均很显著 ,最大垂直位移 1.2ｍ ,多数小于 1ｍ ,在地貌上显示为反坡向陡坎 ;最大水平位移 3.5～ 4ｍ ,… 相似文献
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本文用ＣＤＳＮ宽频带数字记录，计算了不对称双侧破裂模式的Ｐ波远场位移谱，用频谱方法研究中强地震的震源参数，并将它应用于１９８９年９月２２日四川小金ＭＳ＝６．６级地震的震源参数研究中。研究结果表明，断层长度为８．４ｋｍ；宽度为２．９ｋｍ；动力学参数：地震矩为４．７×１０１７Ｎ·ｍ；平均位错６４．６ｃｍ；应力降１８．９×１０５Ｐａ．并用余震震源深度分布的空间图象证明了：地震断层为走向ＮＷ３３°的走滑断层，断层面倾向为北东，倾角约为２０°。 相似文献
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1992年6月28日大贝尔地震宽频记录的分析：多震源的证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
６月２８日大贝尔地震发生于１５：０５：２１格林尼（ＧＭＴ）。该地震被认为是早些时间ＭＷ＝７．３的兰斯地震的余震。从所有余震的位置和工周期震源研究看一 向北东方向传播的，然而，地表没有发现破裂，由强震和ＴＥＲＲＡｓｃｏｐｅ数据所确定的主震位置相互一致，并且没有位于假设的断层面上。此我，对ＴＥＲＲＡｓｃｏｐｅ台阵中得到的记录进行的方向性分析表明，显著的短周期和长周期能量沿假定的相对断层向北西方向传播２ 相似文献
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使用芦山地震序列2013年4月20日至5月20日一个月的地震震相数据和MS4.0以上地震的波形数据, 通过双差定位方法得到了3398个地震的精定位结果, 利用时间域全波形反演方法得到17个地震的矩张量解。 综合分析地震双差定位结果和芦山地震序列中强地震震源机制解, 发现芦山地震发震构造由主震断层和次级反冲断层组成, 主震断层为一走向北东、 倾向北西、 倾角约为45°的高角度逆冲断层, 次级反冲断层与主震断层走向相同, 倾向相反, 两条断层均未出露地表。 主震和余震震源机制解均为逆冲型, 几乎没有走滑分量。 震源区主压应力方位为北西向, 与发震断层走向近乎垂直。 相似文献
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张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
应用相对定位方法, 对张北－尚义地震序列的主震和ＭＬ≥３．０ 余震重新精确定位。得出：张北－尚义地震序列的主震位置为北纬４１．１５°, 东经１１４．４６°, 位于宏观震中的北东方向约４ ｋｍ处, 震源深度１５ ｋｍ 。余震震源分布在北东约２０°的近乎垂直的平面内及其附近。张北－尚义地震序列的重新精确定位的结果,清楚地表明了这次地震的发震构造是南—北向至南南西—北北东向的具有较小的逆冲分量的右旋断层活动 相似文献
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2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震与部分余震的震源机制解 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用区域和远台Pn或Pg初至波初动符号, 利用下半球等面积投影, 求解了2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震和截止到2008年12月10日发生的部分4级以上余震的震源机制解。 汶川8.0级地震的震源机制为: 节面Ⅰ的走向为5°, 倾角为48°, 滑动角为39°; 节面Ⅱ的走向为247°, 倾角为62°, 滑动角为131°。 P轴方位角为309°, 仰角为8°, T轴方位角为208°, 仰角为54 °, B轴方位角为44°, 仰角为35°。 结合地质构造和余震空间分布, 可以确定节面Ⅱ为发震断层面。 根据震源机制解, 引发本次地震的断层活动主要表现为逆冲, 主破裂面为S67°W与该地震所在断层的走向基本一致(断裂总体走向N45°E)[1]; 主压应力轴P轴为N51 °W, 主压应力轴P轴方位与该区域构造应力场方向基本一致。 根据余震震源机制解结果, 龙门山断裂带南段发生的余震与北段发生的余震的震源机制都具有优势分布, 且两者差异明显。 早期发生在南段的余震的破裂是以逆倾滑动为主, 兼有走向滑动; 而随着时间的推移, 余震向北段迁移, 在龙门山构造的北段地震震源的破裂方式以走向滑动为主, 兼有一定的逆倾滑动; 龙门构造带南段震源应力场受主震应力场的控制, 而龙门构造带北段震源应力场不仅受区域应力场的影响, 还受主震应力场的影响。 相似文献
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2011年东北近海MW9.0巨大逆冲地震发生后,在整个日本列岛观测到数千个内陆和火山地震,这些地震并不仅限于发生在东北地区太平洋海岸近海的余震区内。这提醒我们评估地震活动时思路要更宽,要去掉前震-主震-余震活动仅限于特定地震有限余震区内的普通想法。在最近的100年中,全球发生了几个巨大逆冲断层地震。根据我们的地震发生区在沿倾向双段(ADDS)和沿走向单段(ASSS)之间明显不同的新假设,我们研究了地震前后的重要地震事件。总体来说,沿倾向双段巨大逆冲断层的一些重要余震(大于MW7.5)发生于板块外侧隆起区及其附近(Ⅰ类),其中有些是倾滑正断层作用,有些是俯冲海洋板块内具有正断层分量的走滑断层作用。这些板块外侧隆起区的地震被认为是受巨大逆冲断层板块耦合作用减弱,引起的海洋板块下降板片的板片拉力控制。此外,有些沿余震区内板块边界和类似余震区扩展到相应巨大逆冲断层的地震也很重要(Ⅱ类)。另一方面,沿走向单段的余震发生在相同余震区及其附近,而且重要的或灾难性的板块外侧隆起区地震很稀少。已知沿倾向双段和沿走向单段的巨大逆冲断层也有一些大(不重要)的内陆地震。所有这些结果均不取决于俯冲几何形状是否是斜向的还是正交的。 相似文献
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1985年新疆乌恰地震烈度与发震构造 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
１９８５年乌恰地震发生在新疆乌恰县城东南４０ｋｍ的克孜勒苏河谷中。震中烈度为Ⅸ度,地震类型为主震－余震型,余震具有波伏衰减的特征。乌恰县城和乌帕尔镇大多数房屋倒塌或遭到破坏。主震在极震区内克孜勒苏河谷阶地上产生了一条地表破裂带,其长为１５ｋｍ,宽为１００￣８００ｍ,由地震断层、挤压脊和地震裂缝组成。１９９５年乌恰地震的发震构造是卡兹克阿尔特逆掩断裂。该地震应属褶皱类型地震,这类地震产生的震害具有上 相似文献
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阪神·淡路大震灾后 ,日本着手对原有的地震观测体制作彻底改革 ,多项全国性配置地震计的计划同时开始启动。地震引起的地面晃动的程度不尽相同 ,无感微小地震引发的晃动仅有 0 .0 0 1 μm,频率为1 0 Hz;巨大地震引起的地面晃动的幅度高达 2～ 3 m,周期也有几十秒。虽说都称之为地震计 ,但由于地震动的振幅和频率涉及的范围太大 ,所以应针对观测对象选用不同类型的地震计。下面介绍不同类型的观测网。1 强震观测网 ( K- NET)无论大地有多大的晃动都能将其准确记录下来的地震计称之为强震计。它构造坚实 ,信号明确 ,通常设置在地表 ,对了… 相似文献
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In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
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Michael O. Garcia Diane Hanano Ashton Flinders Dominique Weis Garrett Ito Mark D. Kurz 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(6):1445-1463
The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km3) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high 3He/4He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized. 相似文献
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Sun, climate, hunger, and mass migration 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
Kenneth J. Hsu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(5):449-472
Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i. e. during the few centuries before
and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global
temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle- and low-latitude
lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production.
Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation,
rather than escaping from war zones. The “wandering” of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the
Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately
to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind.
Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people.
Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer-modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but
water-management and agricultural researches to insure food-supply for an everincreasing world population. 相似文献
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In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization. 相似文献
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Abu Sayeed Shafiuddin Ahmed Mohammad Belal Hossain Saad Mohammad Omar Faruque Babu Moshiur Rahman Jun Sun Mohammad Shafiqul Islam Sarker 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(1):83-96
Sediment samples from the Gomti River basin were investigated to determine and evaluate trace metal concentrations,their biological effect,and potential ecological and human health risks for adults and children.The mean concentrations of trace metals were organized in the descending order of mercury(Hg)(0.08 mg/kg)>chromium(Cr)(0.06 mg/kg)>lead(Pb)(0.05 mg/kg)>arsenic(As)(0.02 mg/kg)>cadmium(Cd)(0.01 mg/kg).The current study illustrated that metals were attributed to the area from natural sources and different anthropogenic sources especially from industries.However,the concentration levels were lower than the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)based on the effect-range classifications of threshold effect concentration(TEC)and probable effect concentration(PEC).Therefore,the concentration of the elements showed no adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms.The evaluated potential ecological risk index also revealed the low toxicity to the aquatic environment.Moreover,the applied sediment quality indices,geo-accumulation index(Igeo),contamination factor(CF),and contamination severity index(CSI)suggested that the contamination levels of the elements were in the acceptable range,and the contamination had not notably impacted on the sediment quality.The risk index(HI)concerning age groups was significantly less than the threshold limit of 1 indicating that the contamination had no non-carcinogenic risk effect.The total carcinogenic risk(TCR)was less than a risk value of 1×104.Hence,the current study suggests that immediate remediation is not required due to an absence of alarming conditions in the study area.Proper monitoring of the attribution of the metal elements should be done for the betterment of human and environmental health。 相似文献