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111.
为发展适宜中国区域农业种植特点的农业气象模式,基于国外作物生长模拟方法,通过模式机理过程改进或重构以及应用方式革新,建立了中国农业气象模式(Chinese AgroMeteorological Model version 1.0,CAMM1.0)。CAMM1.0利用平均温度和土壤水分改进了作物发育进程模式,利用土壤水分改进了作物叶片光合作用、干物质分配和叶面积扩展过程模式,通过蒸发比法扩展了作物蒸散过程模式;自主建立了基于发育进程的冬小麦株高、基于遥感信息的作物灌溉、遥感数据同化、作物长势与灾害评价等模式。基于互联网技术构造了实时运转平台,主要功能包括作物生长过程实时常规模拟与用户个性化定制模拟。CAMM1.0的部分子模式采用多种方法构造,便于多模式集成。CAMM1.0对作物发育进程、光合过程、株高的模拟效果较好,但对土壤水分变化过程的拟合略差,模拟产量略偏低。CAMM1.0评价淮河流域夏玉米年际干旱减弱而涝渍增加的趋势与实际基本相符。 相似文献
112.
G. H. McNally 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):535-547
The uses and shortcomings of duricrusts (ferricrete, calcrete and silcrete) in engineering construction (as used for road‐base, aggregate, foundation materials and aquifers) are reviewed. Australian production of these materials represents about one‐third of all unprocessed road‐base and they are especially important as pavement courses for lightly trafficked, low‐cost rural and outback roads. However, duricrusts are regarded as marginal materials at best because of their typically poor grading, particle unsoundness, high fines plasticity, and absorption of water and bitumen. These materials are used because they are available locally in areas that are otherwise lacking in hard rock materials, such as deeply weathered and sedimentary rock terrains. The weathering profiles of which they form part are characterized by high permeability (despite being clay‐rich), variable cementation, low compressibility and a tendency to become weaker with depth. Although the more indurated layers are unrippable, they are also difficult to blast. Pedogenic (nodular) duricrusts were formerly sought for natural road‐base, because they occur widely and require only rudimentary processing. However, well‐cemented groundwater (vadose) duricrusts are now the preferred deposits, even though they require crushing and screening. Ferricrete is the most widely exploited of the duricrusts for engineering purposes, especially in northern and southwestern Australia, although calcrete is important in South Australia and in the Murray Basin. Silcrete is only a minor source of aggregate and road‐base, mainly in western Queensland. 相似文献
113.
Heather A. Jacobson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1988,13(6):475-486
Comparisons of maps and aerial photographs dating from the late 1700s to the present document the recent development of an 8 km2 saltmarsh that is situated behind a barrier spit in southern Maine. Tidal channels that were relatively narrow in 1794 became wider by 1872. The reduction of marsh bordering tidal channels is interpreted as evidence that marsh accretion could not keep pace with rising sea-level. This suggests that the rate of sea-level rise had increased, although a change in discharge or sediment load caused by extensive settlement and land clearance may also have been involved. Meander patterns of the tidal streams changed considerably throughout the time period covered by the maps, demonstrating that the streams of this marsh are more dynamic than some others that have been widely reported in the literature. These differences in stream dynamics are probably related to the differences in sedimentological structure of the marshes. Between 1872 and 1956 the barrier spit eroded on its inside (shoreward) edge, probably in response to the construction of riprapping and houses along the spit, and the subsequent reduction of overwash and aeolian transport of sediment. Modification of the tidal inlet and adjacent marsh during the 1960s, including jetty construction, dredging, and filling of portions of the marsh surface, affected the marsh only locally. One tidal stream has been migrating rapidly apparently in response to compaction of peat by dredge spoils and consequent local disruption of the marsh hydrology. Except for this migration, erosion of the marsh edge occurred immediately after the inlet modifications; planimetric changes in the marsh and its streams have been minor since then. 相似文献
114.
本文在对塔西河流域水利建设、水土开发的调查分析基础上,从不同时期流域水利投资项目、投资结构及农业生产发展等方面对流域水利投资效益进行了分析研究,同时还对流域近期的重点投资建设项目的效益作了分析比较和评估。 相似文献
115.
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117.
甘肃西部地区高放废物处置库场址预选调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据高放废物处置库场址选择的基本要求,对区域地质及深部构造特征、新构造运动及地震分布规律进行了调查,确定北山南带地区为稳定区。在稳定区内根据处置库有利围岩的出露情况,结合岩体工程地质特征分析,初步选出了4个以花岗岩为主体的场址预选区。经综合分析,认为在4个场址预选区中,以I号预选区的条件最优,其次是Ⅱ号预选区,再次是Ⅲ号和Ⅳ号预选区。场址区的最后确定尚待进一步调查和论证。 相似文献
118.
杨宇星 《地质灾害与环境保护》2001,12(4):41-43
白恶统红层强烈风化复杂工程地质条件下,基础处理采用静压预应力管桩,可能出现管桩长度难以控制“超长桩”现象,广州和平花园施工实践表明,局部管桩长度难以控制,主要与持力层度剧烈变化及有上硬下软或硬夹层的工程地质条件有关。“超长桩”现象为一般管桩通过硬夹层折射;断桩在某软弱部位堆积造成。 相似文献
119.
120.
Cosmas Kongnyuy Shang Muharrem Satir Emmanuel Nkonguin Nsifa Jean-Paul Liégeois Wolfgang Siebel Heiner Taubald 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(5):817-841
We present a geochemical and isotopic study that, consistent with observed field relations, suggest Sangmelima late Archaean
high-K granite was derived by partial melting of older Archaean TTG. The TTG formations are sodic-trondhjemitic, showing calcic
and calc-alkalic trends and are metaluminous to peraluminous. High-K granites in contrast show a potassic calc-alkaline affinity
that spans the calcic, calc-alkalic, alkali-calcic and alkalic compositions. The two rock groups (TTG and high-K granites)
on the other hand are both ferroan and magnesian. They have a similar degree of fractionation for LREE but a different one
for HREE. Nd model ages and Sr/Y ratios define Mesoarchaean and slab-mantle derived magma compositions respectively, with
Nb and Ti anomalies indicating a subduction setting for the TTG. Major and trace element in addition to Sr and Nd isotopic
compositions support field observations that indicate the derivation of the high-K granitic group from the partial melting
of the older TTG equivalent at depth. Geochemical characteristics of the high-K granitic group are therefore inherited features
from the TTG protolith and cannot be used for determining their tectonic setting. The heat budget required for TTG partial
melting is ascribed to the upwelling of the mantle marked by a doleritic event of identical age as the generated high-K granite
melts. The cause of this upwelling is related to linear delamination along mega-shear zones in an intracontinental setting. 相似文献