SN 1998A: explosion of a blue supergiant     

A. Pastorello  E. Baron  D. Branch  L. Zampieri  M. Turatto  M. Ramina  S. Benetti  E. Cappellaro  M. Salvo  F. Patat  A. Piemonte  J. Sollerman  B. Leibundgut  G. Altavilla 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,360(3):950-962

We present spectroscopic and photometric observations of the peculiar Type II supernova (SN) 1998A. The light curves and spectra closely resemble those of SN 1987A, suggesting that the SN 1998A progenitor exploded when it was a compact blue supergiant. However, the comparison with SN 1987A also highlights some important differences: SN 1998A is more luminous and the spectra show bluer continua and larger expansion velocities at all epochs. These observational properties indicate that the explosion of SN 1998A is more energetic than SN 1987A and more typical of Type II supernovae. Comparing the observational data with simulations, we deduce that the progenitor of SN 1998A was a massive star  (∼25 M_⊙)  with a small pre-supernova radius  (≲6 × 10¹² cm)  . The Ba  ii lines, unusually strong in SN 1987A and some faint II-P events, are almost normal in the case of SN 1998A, indicating that the temperature plays a key role in determining their strength.  相似文献   

Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the progenitor sites of six nearby core-collapse supernovae     

J. R. Maund  S. J. Smartt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,360(1):288-304

The search for the progenitors of six core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) in archival Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) WFPC2 pre-explosion imaging is presented. These SNe are 1999an, 1999br, 1999ev, 2000ds, 2000ew and 2001B. Post-explosion imaging of the SNe, with the HST ACS/WFC, has been utilized with the technique of differential astrometry to identify the progenitor locations on the pre-explosion imaging. SNe 1999br, 1999ev, 2000ew and 2001B are recovered in late-time imaging, and estimates of the progenitor locations on the pre-explosion imaging, with subpixel accuracy, have been made. Only the progenitor of the Type II-P SN 1999ev has been recovered, on pre-explosion F555W imaging, at a 4.8σ significance level. Assuming a red supergiant progenitor, the pre-explosion observation is consistent with   M _ZAMS= 15–18 M_⊙  . The progenitors of the other five SNe were below the 3σ detection threshold of the pre-explosion observations. The detection thresholds were translated to mass limits for the progenitors by comparison with stellar evolution models. Pre-explosion observations of the peculiarly faint SN 1999br limit the mass of a red supergiant progenitor to   M _ZAMS < 12 M_⊙  . Analysis has been extended, from previous studies, to include possible detections of high- T _eff, high-mass stars by conducting synthetic photometry of model Wolf–Rayet star spectra. The mass limits for the Type II-P SNe 1999an and 1999br are consistent with previously determined mass limits for this type of SN. The detection limits for the progenitors of the Type Ibc SNe (2000ds, 2000ew and 2001B) do not permit differentiation between high-mass Wolf–Rayet progenitors or low-mass progenitors in binaries.  相似文献   

WGS-84&CGCS2000坐标基准转换参数的初步求取     

张清华  王源  曾京  孙阳阳  高磊 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(5)

针对WGS-84CGCS2000坐标基准差异问题,分析了用于估计基准转换参数的Bursa模型及其求解方法,初步尝试求取WGS-84CGCS2000的坐标基准转换参数。算例采用了中国区域内含有CGCS2000坐标值,同时安装有GPS接收机的21个观测站,并针对点位的区域分布问题,提出利用重心化的Bursa模型求解转换参数的思路,且得到一组较好的转换结果。  相似文献   

Object-based class modelling for multi-scale riparian forest habitat mapping     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Object-based class modelling allows for mapping complex, hierarchical habitat systems. The riparian zone, including forests, represents such a complex ecosystem. Forests within riparian zones are biologically high productive and characterized by a rich biodiversity; thus considered of high community interest with an imperative to be protected and regularly monitored. Satellite earth observation (EO) provides tools for capturing the current state of forest habitats such as forest composition including intermixture of non-native tree species. Here we present a semi-automated object based image analysis (OBIA) approach for the mapping of riparian forests by applying class modelling of habitats based on the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) habitat classifications and the European Habitats Directive (HabDir) Annex 1. A very high resolution (VHR) WorldView-2 satellite image provided the required spatial and spectral details for a multi-scale image segmentation and rule-base composition to generate a six-level hierarchical representation of riparian forest habitats. Thereby habitats were hierarchically represented within an image object hierarchy as forest stands, stands of homogenous tree species and single trees represented by sunlit tree crowns. 522 EUNIS level 3 (EUNIS-3) habitat patches with a mean patch size (MPS) of 12,349.64 m² were modelled from 938 forest stand patches (MPS = 6868.20 m²) and 43,742 tree stand patches (MPS = 140.79 m²). The delineation quality of the modelled EUNIS-3 habitats (focal level) was quantitatively assessed to an expert-based visual interpretation showing a mean deviation of 11.71%.  相似文献   

过去2000年亚澳夏季风降水百年际变化特征及成因的模拟研究     

井云清  刘健  万凌峰  张宏栎 《气象学报》2020,78(1):60-71

利用地球系统模式（CESM）开展过去2000 年气候模拟试验,在利用观测资料、再分析资料对模拟资料进行检验的基础上,探讨百年时间尺度上亚澳夏季风降水的时、空变化特征及其成因,对于认识百年尺度气候变化规律、定量区分自然因子和人类活动对亚澳夏季风的影响具有重要意义。结果表明:过去2000 年亚澳夏季风降水和温度的波动较为一致,暖期降水多,冷期降水少。两者相关系数为0.83,达到99%置信度。此外,亚澳夏季风降水存在105、130、180 a的百年尺度周期。亚澳夏季风降水经验正交函数分解第一模态在印度洋北部呈南北反向的分布型态,在东亚地区呈负、正、负的分布型态;第二模态在印度洋北部呈正、负、正的分布型态,在东亚地区呈全区一致型的分布型态。经验正交函数分解第一特征向量和第二特征向量的正、负值中心大多出现在印度洋北部地区,南北呈不对称分布。亚澳夏季风降水的105 a周期主要受火山活动和土地利用/覆盖的影响,130 a周期主要受太阳辐射、气候系统内部变率的影响,180 a周期主要受火山活动的影响。从经验正交函数分解第一特征向量来看,整个亚澳夏季风降水主要受土地利用/覆盖、太阳辐射的影响;第二特征向量表明亚澳夏季风降水在百年际空间变化上主要受太阳辐射和气候系统内部变率的影响;第三特征向量表明亚澳夏季风降水在百年际空间变化上主要受气候系统内部变率和温室气体的影响。该研究对揭示百年际时间尺度气候变化特征、辨识影响气候变化的自然因素与人为因素、理解其影响气候的物理机制等具有重要意义,也为应对该区域气候变化提供了参考依据。   相似文献   

Optical Spectroscopy of Comet C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR) at the Guillermo Harro Astrophysical Observatory in Mexico     

Churyumov  Klim I.  Luk'yanyk  Igor V.  Berezhnoi  Alexei A.  Chavushyan  Vahram H.  Sandoval  Lourdes S.  Palma  Alejandro A. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,90(1-4):361-368

We present a preliminary analysis of medium resolution optical spectra of comet C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR) obtained on 22 November 2001. Theemission lines of the molecules C₂, C₃, CN, NH₂,H₂O⁺ and presumably CO (Asundi and triplet bands) and C₂ ^-were identified in these spectra. By analysing the brightnessdistributions of the C₂, C₃, CN emission lines along theslit of the spectrograph we determined some physical parameters of theseneutrals, such as their lifetimes and expansion velocities inthe coma. The Franck–Condon factors for the CO Asundi bands and C₂ ^- bands were calculated using a Morse potential model.  相似文献   

Optical Spectroscopy and Near-Infrared Observations of Comet C/2000 Wm1 (Linear) in December 2001 from Chile and Brazil     

Picazzio  Enos  De Almeida  Amaury A.  Churyumov  Klim I.  Andrievski  Sergei M.  Luk'yanyk  Igor V. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,90(1-4):391-400

We report on the preliminary analysis of the high-resolution spectrum of CometC/2000 WM1 (LINEAR), obtained on Dec. 1, 2001 with the Fiber fed ExtendedRange Optical Spectrograph (FEROS) installed on the 1.52-m telescope of ESO(Chile). Many emission lines of the molecules C₂, C₃, CN, CH, CH⁺,NH₂, CO, CO⁺, H₂O⁺ and, presumably, C₂ ^- were identifiedin the spectral range 400–900 nm. Also, near-infrared photometry was performed on Dec. 2 and 3, with the infraredcamera (CamIV) attached to the 0.60-m Boller and Chivens telescope of the Picodos Dias Observatory (LNA/MCT), Brazil. We report the preliminary and comparativeanalysis of the I-J and J-H color indices.  相似文献   

“数字城市”地理空间数据基准研究     

李东  毛之琳  廖文兵 《测绘与空间地理信息》2012,(3):37-40

针对"数字城市"建设中地理空间数据基准存在的问题,提出基于CGCS 2000建立新地理空间数据基准的解决对策,从基准上解决数字城市互通互联问题,使地方与国家基准保持相对统一。探讨大地基准常用建立方法,总结一套适用"数字城市"通用算法,并以某城市数据为例,分析不同算法的差异,得出了新基准有利于减少长度变形影响的结论。  相似文献   

广州市第二次全国土地调查1：2000土地利用现状图输出     

胡大国 《北京测绘》2012,(4):79-83

标准分幅土地利用现状图制作与输出是广州市第二次全国土地调查的一项重要工作。由于国家、省没有1：2000土地利用现状图的标准或技术规程,根据我市作业模式、数据特点,制定了技术要求,开发了由建库数据到制图数据的转换程序,依据上交给国家、省的数据库成果,完成了全市十区两市10225幅图的电子数据制作,并打印纸质图件归档。  相似文献   

独立坐标系模型对长度变形影响的研究     

李东  毛之琳  廖文兵  陈敏 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(9):79-81

针对海拔较高的城市建立或改造独立坐标系,存在着如何选择模型及各模型对长度变形的影响等问题,通过算例对常见椭球变换和比例缩放模型进行较为全面系统的分析,归纳出常见模型在不同投影带区域、不同投影面高度对长度变形的影响差异,并得出有益的结论。  相似文献