Effective porosity and specific yield of a sedimentary rock determined by a field tracing test using tritium as a tracer     

H. Ii  Y. Ohtsuka  N. Mori  T. Inagaki  S. Misawa 《Environmental Geology》1996,27(3):170-177

Effective porosity value was analyzed from the tritium concentration of sampled groundwater using a three-dimensional groundwater-flow and advection-dispersion code based on the finite element method. The effective porosity value was about 10%. Porosity values measured from core samples were 7–15%. The groundwater flow velocity estimated from the tritium concentrations was about 1 × 10^–5 cm s^–1. Therefore, during the low groundwater flow velocity condition, effective porosity and porosity values were the same. At the same test site, a 0.48% effective porosity value, determined by another tracer test injecting Br^– solution into the aquifer during groundwater level change, was smaller than the porosity value when the flow velocity was 1.8×10^–2 cm s^–1. Thus the effective porosity value is concluded to be due to groundwater flow velocity. The specific yield value was calculated to be 0.6% by the total volume of tunnel seepage water and the total volume of the rock unsaturated during tunnel construction. However, as pore water continued to be drained after the groundwater level change was completed, the specific yield value became larger than 0.6%. Thus specific yield value is concluded to be due to drainage time.  相似文献   

施甸5级震群前中短-短临的地震活动参数动态演化          下载免费PDF全文

李永莉  蔡静观  刘丽芳  张俊伟 《地震工程学报》2003,25(2):158-165

通过2001年施甸5级震群前地震学各项参数异常的动态追踪，研究了中强地震孕育、发生的中短—短临的演化过程。结果表明：在云南地区出现b值、小震调制比、波速比等地震活动性参数异常以及中强地震的有规律迁移的中期异常背景上，出现了孕震区的频度、b值、应变加速等群体中短异常，以及云南省内的3、4级地震连续增频、3级日频次异常和显的3、4级地震平静的短临异常。特别是3、4级地震异常平静，标志了明显的临震信息，并初步探讨了中强地震连续发生中如何识别单个地震的震兆问题。  相似文献   

求解波动方程的任意差分精细积分法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

贾晓峰  王润秋  胡天跃 《中国地震》2003,19(3):236-242

在地震偏移成像技术中，常常要反向外推波场，因此涉及到波动方程的数值求解问题。本文提出了一种求解偏微分方程的新的半解析方法——任意差分精细积分(ADPI)法。其大体思路是：空间域上作坐标离散，但不采用古典差分法的等分离散方式，而是一种相对自由的、任意的离散法；时间域上则采用子域精细积分的方法，既保留了精细积分法的高精度，又克服了工作量大、占用存储大等缺点。该方法具有精度高、带宽小、稳定性好等多项突出优点，并且可以灵括处理各类边界条件。本文从简单一维、较普遍一维、以及二维3种情形讨论该方法对波动方程的具体应用，结合实际的算例，详细分析了各种算法的可行性和精度特点。  相似文献   

Scenarios for the Future Population of Sydney     

Peter McDonald  Rebecca Kippen 《The Australian geographer》2002,33(3):263-280

The period 1996-2001 has witnessed a refocusing of population growth on Sydney and Melbourne as both cities have developed significant concentrations of so-called 'new economy' jobs and taken on, to greater or lesser extents, the characteristics of global cities. The consequence of these trends, for Sydney most particularly, is population growth. This paper establishes this demographic reality by describing recent demographic trends in Sydney and possible future scenarios for Sydney's population, given differing levels of fertility, internal migration and international migration. A related future trend is also traced--that the number of households in Sydney will grow more rapidly than the population due to changes in household structure. This raises the issue of how and where these households will be accommodated, given the relative land shortage in the Sydney Statistical Division and given that there is no doubt that planners in New South Wales will be attempting to maintain and enhance Sydney's status as a global city. In sum, the paper argues that Sydney planners should be preparing for growth of around one million people in the next 20 years and a further one million in the following 30 years. To maintain that potential future residents of Sydney can be redirected to other parts of New South Wales is a vain hope.  相似文献   

20世纪90年代以来非洲城市化的特点和动因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张增玲  甄峰  刘慧 《热带地理》2007,27(5):455-460

一般来说,持续的经济发展和城市化是相伴发生的,但是在非洲,城市化进程并没有带来相应的经济发展,非洲的快速城市化主要是由大量农村人口向城市的盲目流动导致的。文中主要针对非洲快速城市化和经济发展不同步的独特现象,具体分析了导致农村人口向城市迁移的主要原因,并总结出其对中国城市化进程的启示。  相似文献   

核磁共振成像技术定量分析粘土矿物对油气二次运移过程的影响          下载免费PDF全文

周波  罗晓容王毅 《地质论评》2007,53(5):704-707730

本文利用核磁共振成像技术定量分析油气运移含油饱和度变化,首次获得了玻璃珠孔隙介质中粘土矿物（伊利石）含量变化时油饱和度变化的规律,通过对实验数据的总结,得到以下结论：①油气运移通道具有不均一性,但随着粘土含量的增加,油气运移通道上残余油饱和度增加,初始部分（指实验中油未发生运移时油占据的部分）残余油的含油饱和度亦增加;②由于初始部分残余油饱和度和运移通道上的残余油饱和度都变大。因此,粘土矿物的存在,使得残余油饱和度增加,最终降低了油气聚集的效率,不利于油气运移聚集。  相似文献   

中国西部及邻区强震迁移规律与喜马拉雅弧关系研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李永林  高旭 《地震》2000,20(3):37-42

在数值模拟的基础上,系统分析研究了中国西部及邻区强震活动的迁移规律,结果表明,印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞作用控制着中国西部强震活动。 喜马拉雅东部弧顶（缅甸弧顶） 、西部弧顶（兴都库什弧顶） 及喜马拉雅弧中段的强震活动与内陆的强震活动存在密切的联系,与内陆强震活跃期、平静期的存在及强震迁移规律都有重要关系。  相似文献   

贵州湄潭云贵山优质茶叶产地岩-土系统元素分配迁移与茶叶品质关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵国宣  任明强 《贵州地质》2015,32(2):142-146

通过岩-土剖面地球化学元素测试,分析了云贵山优质茶叶产地岩-土系统元素的迁移分配规律。研究结果表明,岩石中N、P、Mn、Zn、Mo、B元素含量高于中国主要地球化学标准物质的标准值,表土层中N、P、B、Mn、Zn、Mo、Al2O3、K2O、Fe2O元素和氧化物含量高出中国土壤背景值。岩石和表土层元素中N、P、S、B表现明显富集,元素迁移系数在0.73 1.26之间,显示了具有相似化学行为的元素具有相似的迁移规律。土壤层中元素含量与茶叶中元素含量呈正相关,岩-土系统元素对优质茶叶生长及品质有着重大影响。在相似环境下,寒武系碎屑岩分布区有利于茶树生长和品质的提高。  相似文献   

Measuring the environmental dimensions of human migration: The demographer's toolkit     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

In recent years, the empirical literature linking environmental factors and human migration has grown rapidly and gained increasing visibility among scholars and the policy community. Still, this body of research uses a wide range of methodological approaches for assessing environment–migration relationships. Without comparable data and measures across a range of contexts, it is impossible to make generalizations that would facilitate the development of future migration scenarios. Demographic researchers have a large methodological toolkit for measuring migration as well as modeling its drivers. This toolkit includes population censuses, household surveys, survival analysis and multi-level modeling. This paper's purpose is to introduce climate change researchers to demographic data and methods and to review exemplary studies of the environmental dimensions of human migration. Our intention is to foster interdisciplinary understanding and scholarship, and to promote high quality research on environment and migration that will lead toward broader knowledge of this association.  相似文献   

Efficient traveltime compression for 3D prestack Kirchhoff migration     

Tariq Alkhalifah 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(1):1-9

Kirchhoff 3D prestack migration, as part of its execution, usually requires repeated access to a large traveltime table data base. Access to this data base implies either a memory intensive or I/O bounded solution to the storage problem. Proper compression of the traveltime table allows efficient 3D prestack migration without relying on the usually slow access to the computer hard drive. Such compression also allows for faster access to desirable parts of the traveltime table. Compression is applied to the traveltime field for each source location on the surface on a regular grid using 3D Chebyshev polynomial or cosine transforms of the traveltime field represented in the spherical coordinates or the Celerity domain. We obtain practical compression levels up to and exceeding 20 to 1. In fact, because of the smaller size traveltime table, we obtain exceptional traveltime extraction speed during migration that exceeds conventional methods. Additional features of the compression include better interpolation of traveltime tables and more stable estimates of amplitudes from traveltime curvatures. Further compression is achieved using bit encoding, by representing compression parameters values with fewer bits.  相似文献