基于波场垂向和水平方向外推的高陡构造偏移          下载免费PDF全文

陈生昌  张博 《地球物理学报》2012,55(4):1300-1306

常规的单程波波动方程偏移成像方法对大角度的高陡构造偏移成像存在内在的限制.根据波动方程在各个空间方向的数学特性和高陡构造反射地震波的传播特征,通过把地震波分解为垂向的上下行波、水平方向的前后行波和左右行波,提出基于波场垂向外推和水平方向外推相结合的单程波波动方程高陡构造偏移成像方法,即用波场垂向外推的单程波波动方程偏移成像方法解决中低角度平缓构造的偏移成像,用波场水平方向外推的单程波波动方程偏移成像方法解决中高角度陡倾构造的偏移成像.这种基于波场垂向和水平方向外推相结合的高陡构造偏移成像方法是常规单程波波动方程叠前深度偏移成像方法的补充和改进,它相对基于全波方程的逆时偏移具有计算效率上的优势.  相似文献   

非洲的移民汇款及其对国家发展的作用     

丁金宏 《世界地理研究》2008,27(3):26-36

近几十年,全球汇款流在稳步增长并越来越成为发展中国家财政发展的重要源泉。汇款成为家庭收入中稳定的一部分,并组成了发展中国家第二大资金流——处于外国直接投资（FDI）之后,海外开发援助（ODA）之前。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,流动工人的汇款成为财政发展以及救助穷人的财政服务的重要主题。本论文分析撒哈拉以南非洲地区迁移人口的汇款及其作用,并以马里作为重点研究对象。研究结论是,汇款在国家收入中占有重要比例,并将继续对个人家庭和社区提供重要支持,应该鼓励当地引导汇款促进基础设施发展和收入产生。  相似文献   

闽台主要城市人口迁移模式及其与经济发展耦合关系的比较分析     

CHEN Yan-hua  韦素琼 《世界地理研究》2008,17(2):129-136

在不同经济模式下的城市人口迁移模式及其与经济发展的耦合关系都必然存在着差异,这里选取了具有典型的地理相似性和经济发展时序递差性的福建省和台湾省的主要城市（福州、厦门、泉州和台北、基隆、台中、台南、高雄）为研究对象,从迁入人口、迁出人口和净迁移人口3个角度,详尽地比较分析了这8大主要城市人口迁移模式的特征和差异,并在此基础上分别建立了闽台城市人口迁移模式与其社会经济发展阶段的耦合关系,以期能够为福建省未来的人口迁移的发展和管理提供一定的借鉴作用.  相似文献   

金属矿地震绕射波分离与成像——以庐枞矿集区和钦杭成矿带为例     

王志辉  吕庆田 《地球学报》2017,38(S1):79-82

不同于油气藏能源大多产于沉积地层之中, 金属矿成矿部位的地质条件要更为复杂多变。通常情况下矿体表现为不规则形状, 且连续性较差, 难以满足现有地震反射波法所以依据的镜面反射条件(徐明才等, 2009)。不同的围岩地震地质条件差异很大, 甚至同一种岩性受到蚀变、构造作用的影响, 表现出不同的阻抗特征, 当围岩与矿体间的波阻抗差异较小, 难以形成有效的反射波。在控矿构造方面, 通常大规模的构造对成矿具有控矿、控岩作用, 而与成矿部位密切相关的一般是小规模的断裂, 反射波较难识别。根据菲涅耳带理论, 当地质体的尺度小于地震波的一个波长时, 反射地震成像精度会骤降, 而来自这些小尺度、非均匀地质体产生的绕射波和散射波成像较反射波成像具有明显的高分辨率、甚至超高分辨率。利用绕射波成像能够探测和识别地下重要的构造信息, 如破碎带、断层、尖灭点、礁体边界、次火山岩、小尺度的侵入体、不规则盐丘体, 以及其他不连续的地质体(Karimpoul et al., 2015)。考虑金属矿围岩及控矿构造复杂, 矿体几何尺寸较小、形状不规则, 容易产生绕射波, 理论上利用地震绕射波识别这些地质体较反射波更具优势。  相似文献   

基于平面波照明的偏移成像补偿   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈生昌  王汉闯 《地球物理学报》2010,53(7):1710-1715

受地下复杂构造和地震数据采集系统的影响,地震波对地下目标的照明出现不均匀,在地震数据的偏移成像中出现成像阴影.根据地震数据最小二乘偏移/反演理论,和把地震波场照明结果作为最小二乘偏移/反演中的Hessian矩阵的近似对偏移成像进行补偿的原理,提出一种应用平面波照明结果对平面波偏移成像结果进行补偿以消除偏移成像阴影的方法.这种基于平面波照明的偏移成像补偿方法相对于局部角度域的照明偏移成像补偿方法具有计算效率上的优势.  相似文献   

Migration for velocity and attenuation perturbations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bobby Hak  Wim A. Mulder 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(6):939-952

Migration maps seismic data to reflectors in the Earth. Reflections are not only caused by small‐scale variations of the velocity and density but also of the quality factor that describes attenuation. We investigated scattering due to velocity and attenuation perturbations by computing the resolution function or point‐spread function in a homogeneous background model. The resolution function is the migration image of seismic reflection data generated by a point scatterer. We found that the resolution function mixes velocity and attenuation parameter perturbations to the extent that they cannot be reconstructed independently. This is true for a typical seismic setting with sources and receivers at the surface and a buried scatterer. As a result, it will be impossible to simultaneously invert for velocity and attenuation perturbations in the scattering approach, also known as the Born approximation. We proceeded to investigate other acquisition geometries that may resolve the ambiguity between velocity and attenuation perturbations. With sources and receivers on a circle around the scatterer, in 2D, the ambiguity disappears. It still shows up in a cross‐well setting, although the mixing of velocity and attenuation parameters is less severe than in the surface‐to‐surface case. We also consider illumination of the target by diving waves in a background model that has velocity increasing linearly with depth. The improvement in illumination is, however, still insufficient to remove the ambiguity.  相似文献   

局域化相空间中的VSP偏移成像方法(英文)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周艳辉  高静怀  王保利  何洋洋 《应用地球物理》2010,(1):31-40,99

对VSP资料进行偏移成像可提高井附近地下结构的成像分辨率。本文给出了一种基于局域化相空间波场分解的VSP偏移成像方法。此方法采用了基于Gabor-Daubechies紧标架的延拓算子(G-D延拓算子)及其高频渐近形式对相空间波场进行延拓;基于局部平面假设,提出了一种局部角度域相关成像条件。合成和实际VSP资料的偏移成像结果表明,在满足渐近展开的条件下利用G-D延拓算子的高频近似式能够有效的减少计算时间;采用局部角度域相关成像条件能够在不增加计算量的同时,有效减弱VSP成像剖面上的偏移假象。  相似文献   

Suppressing non‐Gaussian noises with scaled receiver wavefield for reverse‐time migration: comparison of different approaches     

Yi Tao  Mrinal K. Sen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2013,61(4):761-770

Numerical implementation of the gradient of the cost function in a gradient‐based full‐ waveform inversion (FWI) is essentially a migration operator used in wave equation migration. In FWI, minimizing different data residual norms results in different weighting strategies of data residuals at receiver locations prior to back‐propagation into the medium. In this paper, we propose different scaling methods to the receiver wavefield and compare their performances. Using time‐domain reverse‐time migration (RTM), we show that compared to conventional algorithms, this type of scaling is able to significantly suppress non‐Gaussian noise, i.e., outliers. Our tests also show that scaling by its absolute norm produces better results than other approaches.  相似文献   

Soil quality and human migration in Kenya and Uganda     

Clark L. Gray 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):421-430

Soil degradation is widely considered to be a key factor undermining agricultural livelihoods in the developing world and contributing to rural out-migration. To date, however, few quantitative studies have examined the effects of soil characteristics on human migration or other social outcomes for potentially vulnerable households. This study takes advantage of a unique longitudinal survey dataset from Kenya and Uganda containing information on household-level soil properties to investigate the effects of soil quality on population mobility. Random effects multinomial logit models are used to test for effects of soil quality on both temporary and permanent migration while accounting for a variety of potential confounders. The analysis reveals that soil quality significantly reduces migration in Kenya, particularly for temporary labor migration, but marginally increases migration in Uganda. These findings are consistent with several previous studies in showing that adverse environmental conditions tend to increase migration but not universally, contrary to common assumptions about environmentally-induced migration.  相似文献   

Temperature affects the timing of spawning and migration of North Sea mackerel     

Teunis Jansen  Henrik Gislason 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(1):64-72

Climate change accentuates the need for knowing how temperature impacts the life history and productivity of economically and ecologically important species of fish. We examine the influence of temperature on the timing of the spawning and migrations of North Sea Mackerel using data from larvae CPR surveys, egg surveys and commercial landings from Danish coastal fisheries in the North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat and inner Danish waters. The three independent sources of data all show that there is a significant relationship between the timing of spawning and sea surface temperature. Large mackerel are shown to arrive at the feeding areas before and leave later than small mackerel and the sequential appearance of mackerel in each of the feeding areas studied supports the anecdotal evidence for an eastward post-spawning migration. Occasional commercial catches taken in winter in the Sound N, Kattegat and Skagerrak together with catches in the first quarter IBTS survey furthermore indicate some overwintering here. Significant relationships between temperature and North Sea mackerel spawning and migration have not been documented before. The results have implications for mackerel resource management and monitoring. An increase in temperature is likely to affect the timing and magnitude of the growth, recruitment and migration of North Sea mackerel with subsequent impacts on its sustainable exploitation.  相似文献