地球等离子体层顶与地磁活动的关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杜沛珩  张效信  何飞  蒋勇 《地球物理学报》2018,61(1):9-17

本文利用IMAGE卫星EUV相机观测的等离子体层图像,并采用最小L算法反演磁赤道面等离子体层顶位置.文中选取了2000-2002年间的3579幅等离子体层图像,并反演得到了时间间隔为1 h的等离子体层顶位置数据库,包含48899个等离子体层顶位置数据.利用该数据库统计研究了等离子体层顶位形随地磁活动的变化特性.统计发现等离子体层顶高度依赖地磁活动,与地磁指数Kp、Dst和AE均呈负相关,且等离子体层顶随地磁指数的变化趋势具有显著的MLT分布特性;亚暴活动对等离子体层顶演化的贡献在不同地磁活动期间有所不同,磁暴期间亚暴活动的贡献小,而地磁平静期亚暴的贡献大.本文研究工作为后续建立等离子体层顶模型和了解等离子体层顶的动态结构提供了重要研究基础.  相似文献   

基于页岩岩石物理等效模型的地应力预测方法研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

张广智  陈娇娇  陈怀震  马中高  李呈呈  印兴耀 《地球物理学报》2015,58(6):2112-2122

地应力的精确预测是对页岩地层进行水平井钻井轨迹设计和压裂的基础.本文在分析页岩构造特征的基础上,提出了适用于页岩地层的岩石物理等效模型的建立流程,并以此为基础实现了最小水平地应力的有效预测.首先,通过分析页岩地层的矿物、孔隙、流体及各向异性特征,将其等效为具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性介质,进行了页岩岩石物理等效模型的构建;然后建立了页岩地层纵横波速度经验公式,并将该经验公式与岩石物理等效模型均应用于实际页岩工区的横波速度预测中,二者对比表明,本文中建立的页岩气岩石物理等效模型具有更高的横波预测精度,验证了该模型的适用性;最后,利用该模型计算各弹性刚度张量,进而实现了页岩地层最小水平地应力的预测,与各向同性模型估测结果对比表明,该模型预测的最小水平地应力与地层瞬间闭合压力一致性更高,且储层位置更为明显,具有较高的实用性.  相似文献   

Environmental responses of jellyfish polyps as drivers of medusa populations off the coast of Namibia     

L Ziegler  MJ Gibbons 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(3):323-329

Jellyfish populations in the southeastern Atlantic off the coast of Namibia have increased subsequent to the decline of small pelagic fisheries at the end of the 1960s, although the environment there has also become warmer and the waters off Walvis Bay have become richer in zooplankton in recent years. Laboratory experiments were conducted with the scyphozoan jellyfish Chrysaora fulgida to investigate the effects of food density (0, 30, 70, 100 or 150 Artemia nauplii 200 ml^?1), feeding frequency (once daily or once every third day) and water temperature (12, 16 or 20 °C) on the asexual reproduction, growth and development of polyps. The results of a generalised linear mixed-effects model reveal that all variables impacted asexual reproduction, with greater polyp production attained at higher food concentrations, increased feeding frequencies and increased temperatures. The most common mode of asexual reproduction was by lateral budding. These laboratory results suggest that polyps of C. fulgida may have proliferated off Namibia in recent times, which would contribute to increased numbers of jellyfish there.  相似文献   

强夯振动衰减规律及其对建筑安全性的影响     

周洋  阿拉塔  郭迅  孙丽 《震灾防御技术》2018,13(4):860-868

依托工程实例,对粉土场地强夯加固振动衰减规律及其对建筑物的影响开展试验研究,探讨了振动加速度与强夯能量、传播距离之间的关系,建立了2种能级夯击振动加速度衰减公式;提出了建筑物最小安全距离的确定方法及减轻强夯振动影响的工程措施。结果表明:强夯振动加速度峰值近似按指数函数衰减,且强夯能量越大,振动衰减速度越快;夯击振动卓越频率为8—10Hz,振源距对振动卓越频率影响不大;振源距达到50m时,2种能级的强夯振动对建筑物影响均可忽略不计。  相似文献   

基于最小噪声分离变换的遥感影像融合方法   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

顾海燕  李海涛  杨景辉 《国土资源遥感》2007,18(2):53-55

针对主成分分析（PCA）融合算法的不足和最小噪声分离（MNF）变换的优势，以IKONOS新型高分辨率观测卫星提供的全色和多光谱数据为实验数据，提出了基于最小噪声分离变换的遥感影像融合方法，并与其它融合方法进行定量和视觉比较，结果表明该方法能得到更好的融合效果。  相似文献   

Paleoproductivity evolution off central Chile from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Early Holocene   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Oscar E. Romero  Jung-Hyn Kim  Dierk Hebbeln 《Quaternary Research》2006,65(3):519-525

A geochemical and paleontological reconstruction of paleoproductivity, upwelling intensity and sea surface temperature (SST) off central Chile at 35°S (GeoB3359-3) reveals marked changes from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) through the Early Holocene. Surface-water productivity was determined by the interaction between the atmospheric (the Southern Westerlies) and oceanographic (the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, ACC) systems from the LGM through early Termination I (TI). The northward shift of the climate zones during the LGM brought the ACC, as the main macronutrient source, closer to the GeoB3359-3, SST lowered, and surface water productivity and accumulation rates of biogenic components enhanced. With the poleward return of the Southern Westerlies and the ACC, the subtropical high-pressure system became the dominant atmospheric component southward till 35°S during the late TI and Early Holocene and caused surface water productivity to increase through enhanced upwelling.  相似文献   

Subsurface Temperature Changes Due to the Crustal Magmatic Activity – Numerical Simulation     

SŠafanda  Jan  Čermák  Vladimír 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2000,44(2):327-335

Geothermal aspects of the hypothesis, relating the earthquake swarms in the West Bohemia/Vogtland seismoactive region to magmatic activity, are addressed. A simple 1-D geothermal model of the crust was used to assess the upper limit of the subsurface heating caused by magma intrusion at the assumed focal depth of 9 km. We simulated the process by solving the transient heat conduction equation numerically, considering the heat of magma crystallization to be gradually released in the temperature interval 1100°C to 900°C. The temperature field prior to the intrusion was in steady-state with a surface temperature of 10°C and heat flow of 80 mWm ^–2 , the temperature at the 9 km depth was 270°C. The results suggest that the temperature and heat flow in the uppermost 1 km of the crust begin to grow 100 ka after the intrusion emplacement only, and that the amplitudes of the changes for the realistic lateral extent (a few kilometres) of the intrusion are very small. It was also found that the rate of magma solidification depends strongly on the thickness of the intrusion. It takes about 100 years for a 50 m thick sill to cool down from 1100°C to 600°C, which value represents the lower limit of the solidus temperature. The same cooling takes only 60 days if the sill is 2 m thick. If the nature of the strongly reflected boundaries, interpreted from the January 1997 Nový Kostel seismograms, is connected with the fresh emplacement of magma, the calculated cooling rates have a predictive potential for the temporal changes of the waveforms.  相似文献   

中国天气发生器模拟非降水变量的效果评估   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

廖要明  刘绿柳  陈德亮  谢云 《气象学报》2011,69(2):310-319

文中介绍了天气发生器BCC/RCG-WG基于谐波分析和多变量平稳过程对最高气温、最低气温、日照时数、相对湿度和平均风速等5个非降水变量的模拟模型,并根据中国669个站点1971-2000年的逐日气候资料(降水、最高气温,最低气温、日照时数、相对湿度和平均风速)计算了各站点的非降水变量的模拟参数.根据计算的模拟参数对中国...  相似文献   

Use of magnetic measures to assess soil redistribution following deforestation in hilly region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Parisa Mokhtari Karchegani  Shamsollah Ayoubi  Sheng Gao Lu  Naser Honarju 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(2):227-236

Limited information is available about the use of magnetic susceptibility property to determine soil redistribution in hilly areas of the semi-arid regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of magnetic properties to determine soil redistribution along a hill slope following deforestation. The study area is located in the Quaternary hilly region of Lordegan district in west Iran. Ten transects were established in two land uses that included natural Querqus forested and cultivated lands. Soil samples were collected at different positions along the slope and magnetic properties (χlf, χhf, SIRM, ARM, and χfd) and selected physico-chemical properties were determined. The results (based on the χfd, SIRM/ARM) showed that the magnetic susceptibly in the calcareous materials is pre-dominantly derived during the pedogenic processes and the superparamagnetic particles which were transported to lower positions of hill slope following deforestation. The results confirmed that this methodology could be applied for monitoring soil redistribution along the slope in calcareous hilly areas in the semi-arid regions.  相似文献   

Near‐surface temperatures and heat balance of bare outcrops exposed to solar radiation     

Yann Gunzburger  Véronique Merrien‐Soukatchoff 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(12):1577-1589

Subsurface temperatures in rocks naturally fluctuate under the influence of local meteorological conditions. These fluctuations play a role in mechanical weathering, thus creating the environmental conditions conducive to natural hazards such as rockfalls and providing important sediment source terms for landscape evolution. However, the physics that control heat penetration into rocks are not fully understood, which makes the underground thermal state difficult to interpret when temperature measurements are available and even more difficult to estimate for unmonitored sites. This is an important lacuna given possible impacts of future climate change on mechanical weathering processes. The natural daily variations of subsurface temperatures were investigated on a bare gneiss outcrop exposed to solar radiation, where temperatures at various depths (up to 50 cm), as well as the solar radiation reaching a pyranometer, were monitored hourly for several months. This detailed times series of thermal data was used to gain insight into the heat balance at the inclined free surface of the rock mass. Attention was focused on two major contributors to the heat balance; the heat flux entering the rock mass through conduction and the incoming shortwave (solar) radiation. A Fourier decomposition of the temperature measurements provided an estimate of the in situ thermal conductivity of the rock and was used to calculate the conductive term. The shortwave radiation term was determined on the basis of the pyranometer measurements adjusted to account for the angle of incidence of the sun. It is shown that, throughout clear‐sky periods, heat exchanges at the surface are mainly controlled by direct solar radiation during the day, and by a roughly constant outgoing heat flux during the night. Subsurface temperatures can be reliably estimated with a semi‐infinite medium model whose boundary condition is derived from an analytical insolation model that takes atmospheric attenuation into account. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献