海底热液活动区地微生物学研究中的分子生物学技术   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李江涛  周怀阳  彭晓彤  吴自军 《地球科学进展》2009,24(9):1015-1023

海底热液活动区微生物生态及其相关研究一直是近年来海洋地微生物学研究的热点之一。有关发现不断挑战着人们对微生物的代谢机理、生存极限、元素地球化学循环作用等方面的传统认识。与传统的富集培养方法相比,主要基于16S rRNA基因和特征性功能基因系统的发育分析等技术为研究这一极端环境中栖息的微生物群落提供了更为系统和全面的手段。这些技术包括基因文库构建(16S rRNA和其它功能基因)、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)以及定量PCR等。目前,上述技术手段广泛应用于全球海底热液活动区地微生物学的研究,在丰富地球物种多样性、调查微生物参与的元素地球化学循环过程、研究微生物与矿物的相互作用以及生命起源与演化等方面取得了大量的研究成果。简要介绍了常规分子生物学技术的基本原理及其在海底热液活动区地微生物学研究中的应用现状。  相似文献   

山东部分海域红藻的鉴定与多样性分析     

梁成伟  王娟娟  张晓文  徐东  叶乃好 《海洋科学》2013,37(2):22-29

在山东青岛、威海和烟台近海海域的潮间带进行采样调查,共采取36株红藻样本,对其形态学特征进行了详细的观察.结果显示,所采集的样本在色泽、大小、形态、叶状体形状等外观上均有一定差异,但部分样本间差别并不明显.同时作者采用分子系统学的方法,从藻类样本中分离了rbcL基因片段,并进行了序列分析,利用 rbcL 基因建立了分子系统进化树,对样品间的亲缘关系及多样性进行了系统分析.结果表明,本研究采得的红藻样本有很好的多样性,分别与 GenBank 中已报道的红藻门中的16个属亲缘关系较近.在青岛、烟台和威海3个海域的红藻样本呈现不同的多样性,并且同一属的样品表现出很好的属内种间多样性.  相似文献   

Molecular iodine (I2) emission from two Laminaria species (Phaeophyceae) and impact of irradiance and temperature on I2 emission into air and iodide release into seawater from Laminaria digitata     

《Marine environmental research》2013

Kelps of the genus Laminaria accumulate iodine at high concentrations, but the iodine retaining capacity can be affected by emersion and physiological stress. In this study, I₂ emission into the atmosphere from Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea was compared under controlled low irradiances and temperatures. The two species exhibited different I₂ emission rates as blades of L. digitata emitted I₂ at rates five times higher than those from newly-grown blades (current growth season) of L. hyperborea. I₂ emission was not detectable from old blades (previous growth season) of L. hyperborea. Additionally, effects of irradiance and temperature on both I₂ emission into air and net I⁻ release into seawater where assessed for L. digitata while monitoring photo-physiological parameters as stress indicators. Irradiances between 30 and 120 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹ had only marginal effects on both I₂ emission and I⁻ release rates, but physiological stress, indicated by photoinhibition, was observed. The results suggest that the irradiances applied here were not stressful enough to impact on the iodine release. By contrast, at elevated temperatures (20 °C), photoinhibition was accompanied by an increase in I₂ emission rates, but net I⁻ release rates remained similar at 10–20 °C. High I₂ emission rates into air and I⁻ release into seawater observed from L. digitata underpin the fundamental function of this kelp as mediator of coastal iodine fluxes.  相似文献   

Population genetics of Sargassum horneri (Fucales, Phaeophyta) in China revealed by ISSR and SRAP markers     

于深辉  崇卓  赵凤娟  姚建亭  段德麟 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(3):609-616

Sargassum horneri is a common brown macro-alga that is found in the inter-tidal ecosystems of China. To investigate the current status of seaweed resources and provide basic data for its sustainable development, ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) and SRAP (sequence related amplified polymorphism) markers were used to analyze the population genetics among nine natural populations of S. horneri. The nine studied populations were distributed over 2 000 km from northeast to south China. The percentage of polymorphic loci P% (ISSR, 99.44%; SRAP, 100.00%), Nei’s genetic diversity H (ISSR, 0.107-0.199; SRAP, 0.100-0.153), and Shannon’s information index I (ISSR, 0.157-0.291; SRAP, 0.148-0.219) indicated a fair amount of genetic variability among the nine populations. Moreover, the high degree of gene differentiation G st (ISSR, 0.654; SRAP, 0.718) and low gene flow N m (ISSR, 0.265; SRAP, 0.196) implied that there was significant among-population differentiation, possibly as a result of habitat fragmentation. The matrices of genetic distances and fixation indices (F st ) among the populations correlated well with their geographical distribution (Mantel test R=0.541 5, 0.541 8; P=0.005 0, 0.002 0 and R=0.728 6, 0.641 2; P=0.001 0, 0.001 0, respectively); the Rongcheng population in the Shandong peninsula was the only exception. Overall, the genetic differentiation agreed with the geographic isolation. The fair amount of genetic diversity that was revealed in the S. horneri populations in China indicated that the seaweed resources had not been seriously affected by external factors.  相似文献   

基于线粒体基因的石珊瑚分子系统学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘丽  李晓娜  陈育盛  刘楚吾 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(4):814-820

以广东徐闻地区常见的6科10属17种石珊瑚的21个样本为研究对象,对线粒体COⅠ、16SrRNA和mtSSU三基因片段数据进行了联合分析,并计算了属间和科间遗传距离;利用邻接法、最大简约法和最大似然法分别构建了分子系统树。序列分析结果显示,石珊瑚线粒体基因碱基构成同样具有AT偏倚特征;石珊瑚属间的遗传距离显著大于属内遗传距离,而所有石珊瑚与两个外类种群的距离均大于石珊瑚之间的遗传距离;在系统发育树中,分子系统分类结果与形态学分类阐述的遗传进化关系略有差别,暗示传统形态学分类可能受珊瑚骨骼生长可塑性限制。  相似文献   

MOLECULAR TAXONOMY OF SYMBIOTIC DINOFLAGELLATES IN SCLERACTINIAN CORALS     

《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(4)

通过nlsrDNA（nuclearlarge．subunitribosomalDNA）及nssrDNAfnuclearsmall．subunitri．bosomalDNA）的PCR—RFLP研究广东徐闻地区8科15属25种62个造礁石珊瑚样本的共生藻。结果表明,共生藻nlsrDNA的RsaI酶切基因型只存在一种,属于C系群共生藻;而nssrDNA的MobI和TaqI两种酶切都存在两种基因型。实验进一步通过PCR直接测序法得到62个造礁石珊瑚样品的共生藻ITS序列,与GenBank上的4种虫黄藻ITS序列构建Neighbor．Joining系统发育树,结果表明该区的造礁石珊瑚共生两种不同种类（亚系群）的共生藻,分别为c1亚系群与C15亚系群共生藻,两个亚系群间的遗传距离为0．019。广东徐闻地区造礁石珊瑚共生藻多样性偏低,暗示该地区珊瑚礁生态系统应对环境变化的能力可能较弱。  相似文献   

不同沉积环境凝析油的分子有机地球化学特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

马柯阳 《甘肃地质》1995,4(1):82-90

对中国１０个盆地不同沉积环境的４２个凝析油进行的ＧＣ、ＧＣ－ＭＳ、ＧＣ－ＡＥＤ及碳、氢同位素分析表明：海相、淡水、微咸水湖泊相、半成水湖泊相、咸水湖泊相凝析油以及沼泽相凝析油具有不同的有机分子和生物标记化合物组合以及碳氢同位素分布。海相凝析油富含异构烷烃和烷基环戊烷轻烃系列、硫芴及降姥鲛烷；贫二环倍半萜尤其是升锥满烷；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值较大，具有较重的δＤ值和较轻的δ￣（１３）Ｃ值，前者平均－２９．８‰；后者平均－１１９．７‰。陆相咸水、半咸水湖相凝析油富含含硫化合物尤其是硫芴；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值略小于海相凝析油；具明显植烷优势；具有较重的δ￣（１３）Ｃ值和δＤ值，平均值分别为－２５．５‰和－１２１．２‰，全烃色谱具继承性微弱奇偶优势。微咸水、淡水湖相凝析油相对富含二环倍半萜尤其是锥满烷和升锥满烷及芴。沼泽相凝析油富含甲苯、甲基环己烷（轻烃）、二环倍半萜及氧芴；尚检出有按叶油烷等陆相生标化合物；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值较小，具有姥鲛烷优势；δ￣（１３）Ｃ值较重，平均值为－２６．５‰。  相似文献   

Spectroscopic Characterization of Compost at Different Maturity Stages   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Riccardo Spaccini  Alessandro Piccolo 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(2):152-157

We studied the physicochemical and molecular changes of compost during its maturation within 60, 90, and 150 days after the composting process. Moreover, the changes were also studied in compost residues after sequential removal of lipidic compounds. Infrared DRIFT spectrometry and ¹³C‐CPMAS‐NMR spectroscopy indicate that the molecular composition of compost changes dramatically during the stabilization period. The most decomposable components, mainly represented by bioavailable lipidic and peptidic structures, were progressively mineralized passing from 60 days to longer periods of compost stabilization. At increasing maturity stages, the composition of organic matter underwent a progressive enrichment in stable hydrophobic and ligno‐cellulosic material. The sequential extraction of lipidic compounds allowed an improved characterization of substrates and confirmed the outlined progressive transformation of compost. Compost may well be chosen on the basis of selected characteristics for environmental applications.  相似文献   

柳珊瑚分子系统发育学的研究进展   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

黄晖  何建国  李秀保  张俊彬  邹仁林 《海洋通报》2005,24(2):63-71,78

珊瑚分子系统发育学研究始于90年代初,用于柳珊瑚分子系统学研究的主要分子标记是线粒体DNA和核糖体RNA。本文在重点介绍了柳珊瑚种群遗传多样性和柳珊瑚种上阶元系统发育学两方面的研究进展和所取得研究成果的同时,也讨论了珊瑚虫纲的系统发生关系。最后在简单引述了柳珊瑚分子系统发育学同传统形态分类学方法之间关系的同时,也对柳珊瑚分子系统发育学今后的重点研究方向做了预测。  相似文献   

Assessment of generation temperatures of crude oils     

Cs. Sajg 《Organic Geochemistry》2000,31(12)

Biological marker maturity parameters were used to estimate the minimum HC generation temperatures of crude oils from Eastern Hungary. More than 50 oils and oil shows were analysed. Molecular- and homologous-ratios of biological marker compounds (triterpanes, steranes, mono- and triaromatic steroid hydrocarbons) were used as maturation parameters. The oils have at least five maturity stages, i.e. they have been generated under different thermal conditions. The highest reservoir temperature in each group was chosen as the best estimate of the groups' temperature just below the generation temperature, i.e. reservoirs of the group might be expected to be at shallower depths (lower temperatures) than those of the generation zone due to vertical migration into pools. For each maturation level, a threshold temperature range for genesis was inferred from reservoir temperatures; they are from 130–135°C for the least mature oils to 210–215°C for the most mature oils. In the least mature oils cracking was not observed, hence carbon–carbon cracking reactions had not taken place during their genesis. The most mature oils are intensively cracked oils; they are almost condensates. Two major genetic groups (families) of oils were found in the area. Both are present in each maturation level. The effects of migration were checked, and no influence on maturation was found. A number of the oils are in overpressured reservoirs within, or just above, the zone of the present-day active oil generation, hence the present-day temperatures of the pools must have been maximum temperatures. Contrary to the traditionally accepted temperature range for petroleum generation–maturation reactions (50–150°C), there is strong evidence from this study that the onset of oil generation requires temperatures higher than 130°C and is still proceeding above 215°C.  相似文献