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地质微生物学及其发展方向 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
地质微生物学是在20世纪末发展起来的新的地学分支,主要研究地质环境中的微生物活动过程及其形成的各种地质地球化学记录。通过对现代及地质历史上的各种地质环境,包括极高温,高压,极端酸性,碱性,高盐度,极高放射性,地球深部等环境中微生物的生存和演化,及其和地质环境的相互作用而形成的各种地球化学记录的研究,探讨微生物在过去、现在和将来对生命活动最重要的元素(C,H,O,N,S,Fe等)在全球或局部尺度上的循环作用,从而对微生物的风化作用、成矿作用、地质环境下的微生物生态链及其环境的研究提供重要的科学证据。微生物与矿物的相互作用、极端环境下的微生物和生态及分子地质微生物学是当前地质微生物学研究的重要方向。 相似文献
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PCR—RFLP技术在环境地球化学研究中的应用及展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
PCR－RFLP技术为环境地球化学提供了一种新的研究方法和实验设计的新的思维方式，该方法具有所需样品量低，快速简便及特征性强等优点，可广泛应用于物质的生物地球化学循环，环境过程的生物作用，生物多样性及有机物源判断等方面的研究，利用PCR－RFLP技术，以环境中存在的16S rRNA为对象，对环境生物的研究已广泛6开展并取得了许多成果，展望未来研究成果，将会在海洋及湖泊沉积物等自然环境中发现更多的，新的微生物种类；将进一步阐明生物作用和物质循环的机理和过程，进一步阐明自然环境中生物大分子的变化机理及其环境效应并找到判断沉积物有机物源的新方法。 相似文献
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趋磁细菌是一类在细胞内合成磁铁矿(Fe_3O_4)或胶黄铁矿(Fe_3S_4)磁小体的微生物,广泛分布在水环境和沉积环境,在铁、硫、碳、氮、磷等元素的生物地球化学循环中发挥重要作用.趋磁细菌培养条件苛刻,目前对环境趋磁细菌的多样性和生理代谢特征等还有待系统深入的研究.本研究综合利用电子显微镜、能谱分析和分子生态学等技术方法,对北京地区莲花池沉积物中趋磁细菌的形态多样性、细胞元素分布特征和系统发育多样性等进行了系统分析.光学显微镜观察和电子显微镜分析显示莲花池中存在大量趋磁细菌(～10~3～10~4细胞/mL),从形态上主要分为球形和弧形两种,在细胞内富含铁、硫、镁等元素.基于16S rRNA基因的系统发育研究共发现了7个新类群,分别属于(Proteobacteria)中的α-变形菌纲和γ-变形菌纲,其中属于α-变形菌纲的5个类群与已知趋磁细菌序列最相似(≥91%).本研究结果有助于更好地认识自然界趋磁细菌的群落多样性和地质环境功能. 相似文献
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分子地质微生物学研究方法述评 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
微生物在诸如海洋、湖泊、土壤、冰川、洞穴等许多生态系统的地质过程中发挥着重要作用,国际上对一些单个生态系统的地质微生物研究进展及微生物类脂物碳同位素组成与碳循环的关系等已部分地进行了总结。从分子水平上总结了地质微生物研究进展,着重从核酸（16S rRNA、DNA）和类脂物（磷脂酸、藿醇）两大方面评述了分子地质微生物学的研究,重点剖析了地质历史时期的甲烷氧化细菌、绿硫细菌、蓝细菌等一些重要微生物类群的类脂物分子标志化合物特征,揭示了当今分子地质微生物研究领域最新的研究方法及其发展动态,指出单体稳定同位素研究和放射性同位素示踪的结合将使分子地质微生物学研究进入一个崭新阶段。 相似文献
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现代海底热液活动往往与岩浆作用相伴生.传统的热液系统循环模式认为:海水沿裂隙（通道）下渗,被加热并与围岩发生水岩反应,萃取岩石中的金属元素,形成热液流体并上涌喷出海底,沉积生成多金属硫化物矿体.这一模式合理地解释了构成现代海底热液系统的3个基本要素:流体、通道和热源,与我们现今条件下所观察到的许多事实相吻合.然而,基岩渗透率、热液流体性质、热液生态系统和热液产物上的差异表明现代海底热液活动系统可能存在另一种注入式循环模式,即热液流体来自深部岩浆房流体和挥发性组分的直接注入.据此提出现代海底热液活动系统可能存在两种模式:一种是浅层循环模式,即传统的热液循环模式;另一种是岩浆后期热液注入模式（简称"注入模式"）.在岩浆作用强烈和构造裂隙发育的环境中,两种模式可能同时存在,形成双扩散对流循环模式.双扩散对流循环模式可以很好地解释现代海底热液活动研究中近期所发现的多种现象和事实.对弧后盆地而言,在研究其岩浆作用与热液活动时,还要考虑板块俯冲的构造背景和俯冲组分及陆壳组分加入等因素,同时构建了适用于弧后盆地海底热液活动系统的理论模型. 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,(6)
地球表层甲烷的迁移转化与气候变化、全球碳硫循环、海底生态环境等密切相关。现代海底冷泉是典型的富甲烷环境,冷泉系统中与甲烷厌氧氧化耦合的微生物硫酸盐还原作用(AOM-MSR)是甲烷最主要的消耗方式。该过程导致了孔隙水地球化学特征的变化,并最终以元素含量和同位素异常的形式记录在相应的自生矿物(黄铁矿、碳酸盐、重晶石)等载体中。因此,冷泉系统中硫的生物地球化学过程及其沉积记录的研究为探究甲烷在地球表层环境演化中的角色奠定了基础。本文围绕冷泉系统中硫的生物地球化学过程,综述了其在确定甲烷渗漏通量和识别古冷泉活动(富甲烷环境)等研究中的进展,重点阐述了在这些研究方向中应用"高维"稳定同位素(~(32)S/~(33)S/~(34)S/~(16)O/~(18)O)所取得的突破性成果。目前已经建立了识别地质历史时期富甲烷环境的方法体系,但其在地史研究中的应用尚在起步阶段。同时,未来应开展富甲烷环境中碳硫循环与环境效应具体关联及其沉积记录的深入研究,以期深化对甲烷在调节地球环境和气候变化中的作用等重大科学研究中的认识。 相似文献
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沉积碳酸锰矿床研究进展及有待深入探讨的若干问题 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
表生环境中存在2种机制可以形成碳酸锰矿物:①从缺氧海水中直接沉淀;②先在氧化海水中形成锰氧化物,随后在埋藏过程中通过成岩作用转化为碳酸锰。目前,主流观点认为只有通过第二种机制才可以形成碳酸锰矿床,并在此基础上提出了极端地质事件(如大氧化事件、雪球事件)、闭塞盆地、最小含氧带扩张等成矿模型,近年来同时强调微生物活动、底层水氧化持续时间在成矿中发挥关键作用。沉积碳酸锰成矿不仅与古大气组分、古海洋状态、初级生产力、海底热液活动等多个圈层的耦合作用关系密切,同时也会影响多种生命元素(C、N、S、P等)和氧化还原敏感元素(U、V、Mo、Tl等)的表生循环,因此富碳酸锰的沉积岩是探讨古环境及海洋元素循环的重要载体。目前在沉积碳酸锰成矿理论方面有待深入探讨的问题包括:①碳酸锰直接沉淀成矿的可能性与有效性;②锰质来源与铁锰分离机制的识别;③主要控矿因素的识别及其时空演化规律;④矿石矿物组合及矿床地球化学对成岩精细过程的制约。 相似文献
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现代海底热液活动与块状硫化物矿床成因研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
现代海底热液活动的发现及对其分布特征和成矿机理的研究是近年来海洋地质学和矿床地质学的一大进展。对现代海底金属硫化物成矿作用的研究大大推动和促进了对古代块状硫化物矿床成因的认识。有关研究成果综合分析表明：(1)深部热液对流循环系统是块状硫化物成矿的核心，对流循环模式有简单的热液对流模式和双扩散对流模式。(2)块状硫化物矿床集中分布在大洋中张裂性活动板块边界，与大地构造活动紧密联系。(3)成矿流体与成矿物质均有多源性，在强调海水循环淋滤的同时，通过应用新的方法技术，岩浆来源物质(流体及成矿金属等)对一些块状硫化物矿床成矿的直接贡献得到初步确认。(4)在高温热液活动区及金属硫化物沉积中发现大量生命活动和生物群体，意义重大。 相似文献
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Gaoyuan Li Hongchen Jiang Weiguo Hou Shang Wang Liuqin Huang Huilei Ren Shicai Deng Hailiang Dong 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(3):317-325
The microbial diversity in Wuli Area,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was investigated using 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses.A total of 117 bacterial and 66 archaeal 16S rRNA gene clones were obtained from the Wuli cold springs.The bacterial clones could be classified into Pwteobacteria,Acidobacteria, Deinococci,Sphingobacteria,Flavobacteria.Nitrospirae,Actinobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes, and unclassified-bacteria;and the archaeal clones could be classified into Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota.Among the major groups,Pwteobacteria and Crenarchaeota were dominant in the bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene clone libraries,respectively.The clone sequences obtained in Wuli cold springs were closely related to those from cold habitats,such as snow/ice/soils on high mountains or at high latitude.Especially,the microbial community composition of Wuli Area was more similar to that in Tibetan glaciers than cold environments of other locations.The data presented in this study have implications for a better understanding of microbial diversity in cold springs on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
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Shang Wang Raymond M. Dong Christina Z. Dong Liuqin Huang Hongchen Jiang Yuli Wei Liang Feng Deng Liu Guifang Yang Chuanlun Zhang Hailiang Dong 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(3):335-349
The Three Gorges Dam(TGD) of the Yangtze River.China,is one of the largest irrigation and hydroelectric engineering projects in the world.The effects of huge man-made projects like TGD on fauna and macrophyte are obvious,mainly through changes of water dynamics and flow pattern;however, it is less clear how microorganisms respond to such changes.This research was aimed to examine differences in microbial diversity at different seasons and locations(in front of and behind the TGD).In addition, differences between particle-attached and free-living communities were also examined.The community structures of total and potentially active microorganisms in the water columns behind and in front of the TGD were analyzed with the DNA- and RNA-based 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic approaches over three different seasons.Clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes were prepared after amplification from extracted DNA and.for some samples,after preparing cDNA from extracted rRNA.Differences were observed between sites at different seasons and between free-living and particle-attached communities.Both bacterial and archaeal communities were more diverse in summer than in winter, due to higher nutrient levels and warmer temperature in summer than in winter.Particle-attached microorganisms were more diverse than free-living communities,possibly because of higher nutrient levels and heterogeneous geochemical micro-environments in particles.Spatial variations in bacterial community structure were observed,i.e..the water reservoir behind the TGD(upstream) hosted more diverse bacterial populations than in front of the dam(downstream),because of diverse sources of sediments and waters from upstream to the reservoir.These results have important implications for our understanding of responses of microbial communities to environmental changes in river ecosystems affected by dam construction. 相似文献
13.
David Emerson Wendy Bellows Jason K. Keller Craig L. Moyer Ariana Sutton-Grier J. Patrick Megonigal 《Estuaries and Coasts》2013,36(3):471-481
The interaction of plant and microbial communities are known to influence the dynamics of methane emission in wetlands. Plant manipulations were conducted in an organic rich (JB-organic) and a mineral rich (JB-mineral) site in a tidal freshwater wetland to determine if plant removal impacted archaeal populations. In concert, a suite of process-based measurements also determined the effects of plant removal on rates of methanogenesis and Fe-reduction. The microbial populations were analyzed with clone libraries of the SSU ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene from selected plots, and terminal restriction length polymorphism (tRFLP) of the SSU rRNA and the methyl-coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) gene. Overall, methanogenesis dominated anaerobic carbon mineralization at both sites during the most active growing season. A total of 114 SSU rRNA clones from four different plots revealed a diversity of Euryarchaeota including representatives of the Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales and Thermoplasmatales. The clone libraries were dominated by the Thaumarchaeota, accounting for 65 % of clones, although their diversity was low. A total of 112 tRFLP profiles were generated from 56 samples from 25 subplots; the patterns for both SSU rRNA and mcrA showed little variation between sites, either with plant treatment or with the growing season. Overall these results suggest that wetland soil archaeal populations were resilient to changes in the associated surface plant communities. The work also revealed the presence of novel, mesophilic Thaumarchaeota of unknown metabolic function. 相似文献
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Yong Zhang Xin Su Fang Chen Yuanyuan Wang Lu Jiao Hailiang Dong Yongyang Huang Hongchen Jiang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(3):301-316
South China Sea(SCS) is the largest Western Pacific marginal sea.However,microbial studies have never been performed in the cold seep sediments in the SCS.In 2004."SONNE" 177 cruise found two cold seep areas with different water depth in the northern SCS.Haiyang 4 area,where the water depth is around 3000 m.has already been confirmed for active seeping on the seafloor.such as microbial mats,authigenic carbonate crusts and bivalves.We investigated microbial abundance and diversity in a 5.55-111 sediment core collected from this cold seep area.An integrated approach was employed including geochemistry and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses.Here,we show that microbial abundance and diversity along with geochemistry profiles of the sediment core revealed a coupled reaction between sulphate reduction and methane oxidation.Acridine orange direct count results showed that microbial abundance ranges from 10~5 to 10~6 cells/g sediment(wet weight).The depth-related variation of the abundance showed the same trend as the methane concentration profile.Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria and anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea.The diversity was much higher at the surface,but decreased sharply with depth in response to changes in the geochemical conditions of the sediments,such as methane,sulphate concentration and total organic carbon.Marine Benthic Group B.Chloroflexi and JSl were predominant phylotypes of the archaeal and bacterial libraries,respectively. 相似文献
15.
Sang Shilei Dai Heng Hu Bill X. Huang Zhenyu Liu Yujiao Xu Lijia 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(6):1833-1845
Microbes live throughout the soil profile. Microbial communities in subsurface horizons are impacted by a saltwater–freshwater transition zone formed by seawater intrusion (SWI) in coastal regions. The main purpose of this study is to explore the changes in microbial communities within the soil profile because of SWI. The study characterizes the depth-dependent distributions of bacterial and archaeal communities through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons by collecting surface soil and deep core samples at nine soil depths in Longkou City, China. The results showed that although microbial communities were considerably impacted by SWI in both horizontal and vertical domains, the extent of these effects was variable. The soil depth strongly influenced the microbial communities, and the microbial diversity and community structure were significantly different (p < 0.05) at various depths. Compared with SWI, soil depth was a greater influencing factor for microbial diversity and community structure. Furthermore, soil microbial community structure was closely related to the environmental conditions, among which the most significant environmental factors were soil depth, pH, organic carbon, and total nitrogen.
相似文献16.
Systemic analysis of soil microbiome deciphers anthropogenic influence on soil ecology and ecosystem functioning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. Gupta M. Kumar J. Kumar V. Ahmad R. Pandey N. S. Chauhan 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(10):2229-2238
Soil is a complex ecosystem with defined microbial community signatures, modulated by the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors. Amidst biotic factors, land usage have significant impact onto the soil microbial structure and ecosystem functioning. In the current study, metagenomic approach was used to decipher effect of hospital settings on soil microbiome structure and physiological functions. Physico-chemical properties analysis revealed that key elements for maintenance of soil microflora, such as organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur were relatively diminished within hospital soil, compared to garden soil. Comparative microbial diversity analysis with 97,315 SSU rRNA gene sequences generated from both the soil samples highlight relatively low microbial diversity, with an enrichment for Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes and decreased Proteobacteria/Acidobacteria ratio. Comparative shotgun metagenome sequence analysis further revealed a shift in the physiological role of soil microbiomes with change in soil usage. Genes for carbohydrate, sulfur, potassium and nitrogen metabolism were significantly (q value <0.05) higher in the garden soil; while the genes for phage, plasmid DNA, transposon and aromatic compound metabolism were significantly enriched within hospital soil. Thus, the current study highlights a correlation between soil biochemistry and microbial ecology based on land usage. 相似文献
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Marine gas hydrate and cold-seep systems, which maintain a large amount of methane in the seabed, may critically impact the geochemical and ecological characteristics of the deep-sea sedimentary environment. However, it remains unclear whether marine sediments associated with gas hydrate harbor novel microbial communities that are distinct from those from typical marine sediments. In this study, microbial community structures thriving in sediments associated with and without gas hydrate in the eastern Japan Sea were characterized by 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses. Uncultivated bacterial lineages of candidate division JS1 and a novel group NT-B2 were dominant in the sediments from gas hydrate-associated sites. Whereas, microbial populations from sites not associated with gas hydrate were mainly composed of Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirales, Chlamydiales, Chlorobiales, and yet-uncultured bacterial lineages of OD1 and TM06. The good correlation between the dominance of JS1 and NT-B2 and the association of gas hydrate could be attributed to the supply of more energetically favorable energy sources in gas-rich fluids from the deep subsurface than refractory organic matter of terrigenous and diatomaceous origin. 相似文献
18.
安徽铜陵狮子山硫化物矿山酸矿水中微生物功能群的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
从安徽铜陵狮子山硫化物矿山酸矿水溪流获得样品,采用YE、Feo、FeSo、FeTo 4种选择性培养基,利用overlay分离技术,获得7株细菌菌株.利用16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,与目前已分离得到的酸矿水微生物进行了比较.利用分离菌株16S rRNA基因序列构建系统进化树,结果表明获得的菌株可分为3个功能群:嗜酸性异养菌、嗜酸性自养菌、中度嗜酸性铁氧化细菌.嗜酸性异养菌主要与酸矿水中三价铁的异化还原和寡营养状态的维持有关;嗜酸性自养菌与酸矿水中铁、硫元素的氧化有关,是酸水中的生产者;中度嗜酸性铁氧化细菌能将二价铁氧化成三价铁,并产生难溶性的矿物,可实现酸矿水与酸矿水底泥之间铁元素的动态平衡. 相似文献
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农业作为通辽科尔沁地区的传统产业，是当地重要经济产业之一.了解土壤微生物群落结构和功能及其影响因素对农作物种植、污染土地修复等具有重要意义.采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术、FAPROTAX.1.1功能预测平台等方法，在该区采集71个土壤样品，分析其地球化学特征和微生物群落特征并对微生物群落进行功能预测，同时探讨不同环境因子和空间因子对微生物群落的影响.结果显示:微生物群落由变形菌门（Proteobacteria）（19.77%）、奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）（17.85%）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）（17.14%）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）（15.58%）等构成；功能预测表明该区存在大量活跃的参与氮循环过程的微生物功能群，其中有氧氨氧化功能群为该区的优势微生物功能群.方差分解分析显示，在对微生物群落结构差异的可解释范围内环境因子比空间因子的解释量更大.Mantel检验结果显示，整体微生物群落与土壤pH、EC、TN、C/N及Mg、Na、Sr元素含量显著相关（p < 0.05）.综合分析表明，pH、EC和Sr元素含量是影响通辽科尔沁地区土壤微生物群落结构和功能及多样性的主要环境因素. 相似文献
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了解深部微生物群落组成和功能对探索早期生命起源和利用其独特功能均有重要意义.地热区深部碳酸盐岩岩溶-裂隙热储环境中微生物群落组成和功能特性仍然不清.为了探测冀中地热区深部热水微生物群落组成与功能特性,以浅层水和土壤为参照,利用冀中地热区地热科学钻探孔抽水试验,采集深部热水样,同时采集每个钻孔上方附近的大田农灌井浅层水和土壤样品,用于16S rRNA基因高通量测序,并使用PICRUSt软件进行功能预测.结果显示冀中地热区深部热水含有38个菌门,541个菌属,以细菌为主(97.5％),古菌很少(2.5％),特征性菌群主要是厚壁菌门Firmicutes、硝化螺旋菌门Nitrospirae、热袍菌门Thermotogae和广古菌门Euryarchaeota,优势菌属包括硫酸盐还原菌,固碳作用、发酵作用和硫酸盐还原作用可能较强,而产甲烷作用和反硝化作用可能很弱.深部热水出现好氧嗜温菌,说明在大流量抽水条件下,深部热水受到富含变形菌门Proteobacteria浅层水的补给.本次研究揭示了冀中地热区深部碳酸盐岩岩溶-裂隙热储层含有种类丰富、功能多样的微生物群落,微生物群落特征可作为深部热水与浅层水水力联系的指示剂. 相似文献