工程地震学在中国的发展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

廖振鹏  郑天愉 《地球物理学报》1997,40(Z1):177-191

以对一般工程结构抗震设防的地震区划研究及重大工程结构进行的专门的地震作用研究为主线，对工程地震学在中国近半个世纪的发展作了回顾和前瞻．  相似文献   

地下水系统的时变问题与预测   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

徐恒力  陈植华 《地球科学》1991,16(1):35-41

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南沙海区晚第四纪的碳酸盐旋回   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

汪品先  卞云华  翦知湣 《第四纪研究》1997,17(4):293-300

根据水深200～2 800m范围内的17个沉积柱状样分析结果,讨论南沙海区晚第四纪沉积中碳酸钙相对含量的垂向和横向变化。南沙海区的碳酸盐旋回普遍属于"大西洋型",冰期时含量低、间冰期含量高,反映出陆源物输入量的控制作用。在平面上,南沙海区的碳酸钙含量与纬度几乎呈线性关系,由北向南递减,冰期时趋势不变而梯度加大。南海南部陆坡由于集水盆地处于热带湿热条件而且有大河注入海区,使碳酸钙含量相对北部陆坡为低。  相似文献   

1999～2014年我国铜矿勘查投入 与找矿成果分析     

王京  牛丽贤  苏永津 《地质论评》2016,62(S1):15-18

1999年以来,我国在基础地质调查和矿产资源评价方面,先后开展了新一轮国土资源大调查项目、全国危机矿山接替资源找矿专项、青藏专项、新疆358专项、找矿突破战略行动纲要（2011~2020年）、地质调查评价专项（2013~2020年）、整装勘查等工作。中央财政和省级地方财政在基础地质调查和矿产勘查投入上逐年增加。这些工程的实施和勘查投入的大幅增加,使得基础地质工作程度大幅提高,铜矿勘查取得了重大突破,发现和评价了一批具有重大影响的大型或特大型矿产地。本文对我国主要有色金属矿产在过去14年的找矿成果的系统梳理与找矿成果分析,期望为我国今后对主要有色金属的勘查工作的科学部署和实现进一步的找矿突破提供参考意见。  相似文献   

Riverine dominance of a nearshore marine demersal food web: evidence from stable isotope and C/N ratio analysis     

AM de Lecea  AJ Smit  ST Fennessy 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):S181-S192

The Thukela Bank, KwaZulu-Natal, supports a diverse ecosystem and South Africa’s only prawn fishery. Oceanographic studies suggest riverine input is not important for the biology of this system, whereas biological studies suggest the contrary, with prawn catches increasing with increased fluvial run-off. The aim of this study was to determine (i) the importance of riverine and marine organic matter for the Thukela Bank food web; and (ii) whether there are seasonal changes in the Thukela River stable isotope values, and, if so, whether these are reflected in the isotope values of demersal organisms. Estuarine organic matter, sediments and demersal organisms were collected from several sites across the bank in the wet and dry seasons of 2008, 2009 and 2010. Marine particulate organic matter was also collected in 2010 and analysed for δ13C and δ15N, as well as C/N ratios. There were strong seasonal changes in isotopic values of organic matter and fauna, especially faunal δ13C. There was an apparent time-lag in organisms assimilating riverine organic matter isotopic values, with the isotopic signature of demersal organisms reflecting that of riverine organic matter from the previous season, which is likely the result of tissue turnover time. In 2010, Thukela Bank sediment organic matter was of riverine origin and this maintained the demersal food web. We conclude that Thukela River organic matter is an important input to the food web of the Thukela Bank, indicating that any future damming of the catchment area could have serious consequences for this ecosystem.  相似文献   

辅助模型辨识方法(3):输入非线性输出误差自回归系统     

丁锋  毛亚文 《南京气象学院学报》2016,8(3):193-214

输入非线性系统包括输入非线性方程误差类系统和输入非线性输出误差类系统.针对输入非线性输出误差自回归系统,分别基于过参数化模型,基于关键项分离原理,基于数据滤波技术,研究了相应的基于过参数化模型的辅助模型递推辨识方法、基于关键项分离的辅助模型递推辨识方法、基于数据滤波的辅助模型递推辨识方法.这些方法可以推广到其他输入非线性输出误差系统、输出非线性输出误差系统、反馈非线性系统等.并给出了几个典型辨识算法的计算步骤、流程图和计算量.  相似文献   

Real-time genetic spatial optimization to improve forest fire spread forecasting in high-performance computing environments     

Tomàs Artés  Andrés Cencerrado  Ana Cortés  Tomàs Margalef 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(3):594-611

Abstract

Forest fires are a kind of natural hazard with a high number of occurrences in southern European countries. To avoid major damages and to improve forest fire management, one can use forest fire spread simulators to predict fire behavior. When providing forest fire predictions, there are two main considerations: accuracy and computation time. In the context of natural hazards simulation, it is well known that part of the final forecast error comes from uncertainty in the input data. These data typically consist of a set of GIS files, which should be appropriately conflated. For this reason, several input data calibration methods have been developed by the scientific community. In this work, the Two-Stage calibration methodology, which has been shown to provide good results, is used. This calibration strategy is computationally intensive and time-consuming because it uses a Genetic Algorithm as a solution. Taking into account the aspect of urgency in forest fire spread prediction, it is necessary to maintain a balance between accuracy and the time needed to calibrate the input parameters. In order to take advantage of this technique, one must deal with the problem that some of the obtained solutions are impractical, since they involve simulation times that are too long, preventing the prediction system from being deployed at an operational level. A new method which finds the minimum resolution reduction for such long simulations, keeping accuracy loss to a known interval, is proposed. The proposed improvement is based on a time-aware core allocation policy that enables real-time forest fire spread forecasting. The final prediction system is a cyberinfrastructure, which enables forest fire spread prediction at real time.  相似文献   

Variability and stability in benthos: twenty-two years of monitoring off Northumberland     

Frid  C. L. J.; Buchanan  J. B.; Garwood  P. R. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(6):978-980

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Global estimates of wind energy input to subinertial motions in the Ekman-Stokes layer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bin Liu  Kejian Wu  Changlong Guan 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(3):457-466

By incorporating the wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing into the classical Ekman model, the wind energy input to the Ekman-Stokes layer is investigated, with an emphasis on the surface wave effects when the direction of Stokes drift deviates from that of wind stress. Theoretical analysis of the kinetic energy balance of the Ekman-Stokes layer shows that the total wind energy input consists of the direct wind energy input and the wave-induced energy input. Details of the direct wind and wave-induced energy input are discussed. Based on the ECMWF ERA-40 Re-Analysis wind stress and surface wave data, the global total wind energy input to subinertial motions in the Ekman-Stokes layer is estimated at 2.19 TW, including 0.26 TW (12%) wave-induced energy input and 1.93 TW (88%) direct wind energy input. The effect of sea-ice coverage on the energy input to the Ekman-Stokes layer is also considered. It is shown that the global total energy input could be overestimated by 0.08 TW (about 4%) without taking the sea-ice coverage into account.  相似文献   

Spatial variation of nutrients and primary productivity in the Rufiji Delta mangroves,Tanzania     

A Minu  JF Machiwa  S Pamba 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(2):221-232

Determinations of spatial and temporal variations in organic matter and nutrient dynamics in water and sediments are crucial for understanding changes in aquatic bodies. In this study, we (i) determine the spatial dynamics of dissolved inorganic nutrients, during the transition from the dry to the rainy season, and (ii) provide future productivity predictions for the Rufiji Delta mangroves, Tanzania, based on the input of various nutrients. Water samples were collected from six locations, three times per year between April 2012 and January 2014, and analysed for dissolved nutrients, total organic and inorganic carbon, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids. The prediction of future net primary productivity in the Rufiji mangroves was undertaken using the software STELLA. The mean nutrient concentrations were of the order: nitrate > phosphate > ammonium > silica > dissolved organic carbon. The study revealed that high nutrient concentrations occurred in the northern part of the Rufiji Delta as a result of anthropogenic influence in the watershed. Modelling of nutrient inputs into the delta indicated enhanced primary productivity, which is expected to increase the vulnerability of water quality in the near future due to eutrophication.  相似文献