百年来天山阿克苏河流域麦茨巴赫冰湖演化与冰川洪水灾害   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

沈永平  王国亚  丁永建  苏宏超  毛炜峄  王顺德  Duishen M Mamatkanov 《冰川冻土》2009,31(6):993-1002

阿克苏河源区的冰川融水和冰湖溃决洪水, 对我国境内阿克苏河乃至整个塔里木河的径流补给及下游的防洪安全都有着举足轻重的作用. 萨雷扎兹-库玛拉克河的麦茨巴赫冰川湖(Merzbacher Lake)为众多冰川湖中最大的一个, 同时又是频繁发生突发性溃决洪水的冰湖, 在1932-2008年的67 a内发生溃决突发性洪水62次, 其频率高达92.5 %以上. 随着气温的变暖, 冰川减薄后退, 冰川融水增多、 冰湖库容增加, 洪水总量在不断增大. 冰川洪水的总量已经由1960-1970年代的1×10~8m~3左右, 增加到1990年以来的3×10~8～4×1~8m~3 , 最高达5×1~8m~3 多; 年最大流量1990年代较1950年代增多37%, 洪水频率也在不断增加. 库玛拉克河流域冰川物质平衡变化也对冰湖溃决洪水影响很大, 冰川消融的越多, 产生的冰川洪水洪峰也越大. 随着全球气候进一步变暖, 将会加大下游的防洪压力. 所以, 要加强冰川消融观测及冰湖水位的监测, 建立预警系统, 进行冰湖溃决洪水预报, 为下游的防洪安全和水电安全运行提供科技支持.  相似文献   

High-Resolution Records of the Holocene Paleoenvironmental Variation Reflected by Carbonate and Its Isotopic Compositions in Bosten Lake and Response to Glacial Activities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Chengjun  ZHENG Mianping  Alexander PROKOPENKO  Steffen MISCHKE  GOU Xiaohui  YANG Qili  ZHANG Wanyi  FENG Zhaodong 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(6):1101-1115

Abstract: The Early Holocene paleoclimate in Bosten Lake on the northern margin of the Tarim Basin, southern Xinjiang, is reconstructed through an analysis of a 953 cm long core (BSTC2000) taken from Bosten Lake. Multiple proxies of this core, including the mineral components of carbonate, carbonate content, stable isotopic compositions of carbonate, Ca/Sr, TOC and C/N and C/S of organic matter, are used to reconstruct the climatic change since 8500 a B.P. The chronology model is made by nine AMS 14C ages of leaves, seeds and organic matter contained in two parallel cores. The climate was cold and wet during 8500 to 8100 a B.P. Temperature increased from 8100 to 6400 a B.P., the climate was warm and humid, and the lake expanded. The lake level was highest during this stage. Then from 6400 to 5100 a B.P., the climate became cold and the lake level decreased slightly. During the late mid-Holocene, the climate was hot and dry from 5100 to 3100 a B.P., but there was a short cold period during 4400 to 3800 a B.P. At this temporal interval, a mass of ice and snow melting water supplied the lake at the early time and made the lake level rise. The second highest lake level stage occurred during 5200 to 3800 a B.P. The climate was cool and wet during 3100 to 2200 a B.P., when the lake expanded with decreasing evaporation. The lake had the last short-term high level during 3100 to 2800 a B.P. After this short high lake level period, the lake shrank because of the long-term lower temperature and reduced water supply. From 2200 to 1200 a B.P., the climate was hot and dry, and the lake shrank greatly. Although the temperature decreased somewhat from 1200 a B.P. to the present, the climate was warm and dry. The lake level began to rise a little again, but it did not reach the river bed altitude of the Konqi River, an outflow river of the Bosten Lake.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地东部台特玛湖近25.0ka BP以来气候与环境变化     

钟巍  吐尔逊  克依木  舒强  王立国 《干旱区地理》2005,28(2):183-187

由南疆罗布泊地区台特玛湖沉积物多种地质记录的综合分析表明,近25．0kaBP以来此地区气候与环境演化的过程和特征与新疆其它地区基本一致。多手段的综合研究,揭示了近25．0kaBP以来台特玛湖气候与环境的变化经历了7次相对暖干、5次相对冷湿和1次相对暖湿变化,而且全新世期间历次的气候变化与具有高分辨率的敦德冰芯记录以及北半球气候变化的过程上基本一致,所记录的气候与环境演化过程呈现出明显的西风型环境演变特征。唯一在7．0～6．0kaBP期间出现的相对暖湿的环境特征应该是真正意义上的全新世大暖期最盛期的体现,可能与此时增强的西南夏季风势力影响到本地区有关。  相似文献   

罗布泊地区红柳沙包年层的研究意义   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

夏训诚  曹琼英  王富葆  雷加强  赵元杰 《干旱区地理》2005,28(5):565-568

红柳沙包是干旱区发育的一种生物地貌类型。罗布泊地区的红柳沙包主要分布在塔里木河、孔雀河、米兰河等三角洲地带。通过研究发现其巾有些沙包具有清晰的“年层”构造,与树木年轮一样,具有计年和储存环境信息的功能,可以用来探讨和恢复过去气候和环境变化。但由于红柳生长发育规律和研究区环境的复杂性,利用红柳沙包年层在研究环境演变,在理论和实践上都有待进一步完善和提高。  相似文献   

太湖沉积物中重金属的地球化学形态及特征分析   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22  

袁旭音  王爱华  许乃政 《地球化学》2004,33(6):611-618

用连续提取法分析了太湖沉积物5种重金属的地球化学形态,对地球化学形态的组成和地理特征进行了分析研究.重金属地球化学形态配分的共同特点是可交换态最低,残渣态最高.两种形态中Cd的可交换态最高,Cr的残渣态最高,可交换态最低.Cd的碳酸盐态较高,Cr的最低;Pb、Cd的Fe-Mn氧化态较高,Cu的偏低;Cu的有机态最高,Cd的最低;Zn的地球化学形态比例大都处于中间.地域上变化较大的元素是Cd和Cu,变化不明显的元素有Pb和Zn.化学成分中Fe2O3、MnO与重金属地球化学形态的相关性最好,TOC与Cu的形态相关系数最高.综合对比分析表明,太湖沉积物重金属的生物有效性以Cd为最高,其次为Pb.  相似文献   

全新世岱海流域化学风化及其对气候事件的响应   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

金章东  王苏民  沈吉  宋俊峰 《地球化学》2004,33(1):29-36

通过对岱海 12.08 m沉积岩芯 210Pb和 AMS- 14C精确定年及地球化学、物理指标的综合分析,重建了包括 8.2 ka冷期、中世纪暖期 (MWP)和小冰期 (LIA)等典型气候事件在内的全新世以来所经历的化学风化及其环境演化过程.全新世早-中期 (9.0～ 3.5 ka),岱海流域处于温暖湿润气候环境,主要环境特征表现为流域化学风化显著增强、生物生产力逐步提高、湖泊水位大幅度抬升.在 7.90～ 8.25 ka期间存在一次冷气候事件,其发生时间与来自湖沼、海洋、生物组合和极地冰芯等在内的全球环境记录基本一致,具体表现为流域化学风化减弱、湖泊生产力降低以及湖泊水位下降. 2.5 ka以来,岱海沉积物中环境指标的显著变化,表明进入气候波动更频繁的新冰期.岱海沉积物中的指标变化也展示了本世纪以来的气候增暖过程,但其化学风化强度还没有达到 MWP的程度.  相似文献   

Larval life span of the echinoid evechinus chloroticus (val.)     

Trevor G. Dix 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):13-16

Newly metamorphosed Evechinus chloroticus (Val.) were observed in three larval cultures 36, 30, and 28 days after fertilisation, indicating that the free swimming larval life may last about 1 month.  相似文献   

Predation and intertidal zonation of barnacles at Leigh,New Zealand     

Penelope A. Luckens 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):355-378

Experiments using cages at four shore levels were carried out to determine the part played by the feeding of the gastropods Neothais scalaris and Lepsiella scobina on the zonation of three species of intertidal barnacles: Chamaesipho brunnea, C. columna, and Epopella plicata. The lower limit of the two larger barnacle species was determined by predation, but C. columna was affected only in the absence of the other two barnacles.  相似文献   

Epiactis thompsoni (coughtrey, 1875) and e. mortenseni Carlgren, 1924 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) (note)     

J. R. Ottaway 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):253-255

  相似文献   

Role of mean circulation,tides, and waves in the transport of bottom sediment on the New Zealand continental shelf   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

L. Carter  R. A. Heath 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):423-448

Evaluation of velocity data on water movements over the New Zealand continental shelf has revealed that the mean circulation by itself is too slow to induce transport of bottom sediments. Tides generally have higher velocities, but are still not the main transporting agent except in the tide‐dominated Cook and Foveaux. Straits. Waves have the potential to stir sediments on the inner and middle shelf (less than about 70 m deep) during annual storms, and probably down to 130 m depth during the maximum 25‐y storm.

For sediment transport to take place, energies of at least two of the major water movements would have to complement one another. Optimum conditions for transport probably occur during storm periods when wave‐suspended sediment is readily moved by tides and the mean circulation.

The direction of transport is mainly along the continental shelf and is largely in response to prevailing weather patterns coincident with the direction of the mean circulation and strongly reinforced by the appropriate phase of the tide.  相似文献