安徽数字测震台网新参评台站背景噪声分析     

周冬瑞  龙剑锋  谢石文  骆佳骥  韩成成  杨波 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(6):158-164

计算并分析安徽数字测震台网9个新参评台站数字化记录背景噪声,得到各台址背景噪声均方根RMS值、有效测量动态范围、噪声功率概率密度谱,按照地噪声水平规定,对各台进行台基噪声分类,数据表明,9个新参评台站有4个Ⅰ类台址、5个Ⅱ类台址。对于9个新参评台站噪声功率概率密度谱及各频点噪声干扰源,分析认为,大多数台站在频率10 Hz附近存在2组概率较高的背景噪声,与白天和夜晚的不同噪声水平相对应。  相似文献   

强震动观测仪器面临的机遇和挑战   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

于海英  周宝峰  王家行  马新生  张同宇  徐旋  胡振荣 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(1):68-77

本文介绍了国内外强震仪、力平衡加速度计、烈度计、MEMS加速度仪等强震动观测仪器的发展历史与现状,概述了强震动记录中典型异常波形产生的原因和力平衡加速度计的仪器响应误差及校正,建议了解决强震仪器缺陷的措施,分析了强震仪在强震动观测发展中面临的机遇和挑战。研究结果如下:① 进行强震动记录异常波形的研究是有针对性改进现有强震仪存在问题的很好途径;② 早期数字强震仪（力平衡加速度计频带范围0至30Hz）获取的强震动记录应进行仪器校正;③ 应跟踪强震动观测新方法和相关领域新技术,发展MEMS加速度仪和光纤加速度仪等新型仪器。  相似文献   

Predicting the ecological status of rivers and streams under different climatic and socioeconomic scenarios using Bayesian Belief Networks     

《Limnologica》2020

Freshwater systems have increasingly been subjected to a multitude of human pressures and the re-establishment of their ecological integrity is currently a major worldwide challenge. Expected future climate and socioeconomic changes will most probably further exacerbate such challenges. Modelling techniques may provide useful tools to help facing these demands, but their use is still limited within ecological quality assessment of water resources due to its technical complexity.We developed a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) framework for modelling the ecological quality of rivers and streams in two European river basins located in two distinct European climatic regions: the Odense Fjord basin (Denmark) and the Sorraia basin (Portugal). This method enabled us to integrate different data sources into a single framework to model the effect of multiple stressors on several biological indicators of river water quality and, subsequently, on their ecological status. The BBN provided a simple interactive user interface with which we simulated combined climate and socioeconomic changes scenarios to assess their impacts on river ecological status.According to the resulting BBNs the scenarios demonstrated small impacts of climate and socioeconomic changes on the biological quality elements analysed. This yield a final ecological status similar to the baseline in the Odense case, and slightly worse in Sorraia. Since the present situation already depicts a high percentage of rivers and streams with moderate or worse ecological status in both basins, this means that many of them would not fulfil the Water Framework Directive target in the future. Results also showed that macrophytes and fish indices were mainly responsible for a non-desirable overall ecological status in Odense and Sorraia, respectively. The approach followed in this study is novel, since BBN modelling is used for the first time for assessing the ecological status of rivers and streams under future scenarios, using an ensemble of biological quality elements. An important advantage of this tool is that it may easily be updated with new knowledge on the nature of relationships already established in the BBN or even by introducing new causal links. By encompassing two case studies of very different characteristics, these BBN may be more easily adapted as decision-making tools for water management of other river basins.  相似文献   

云南地震台网与中国地震台网、美国地震台网测定震级的对比     

杨晶琼  杨周胜  许亚吉  秦敏  张会苑  张国权 《地震研究》2020,(1):57-63

利用云南地震台网全面数字化之后(2008-2017年)的记录资料,按照《地震震级的规定》(GB17740-2017)规定的测定方法,对云南地震台网记录的ML≥4. 0地震,重新人工测量其宽频带面波震级MS(BB)和矩震级Mw,与中国地震台网测定的MS7以及美国地震台网(NEIC)测定的MW(NEIC)进行对比分析。结果表明:①MS(BB)和MS7测量方法相同,量规函数相等,两者一致性最好。②对于面波震级与矩震级,当MW在3. 5左右时,MS7,MS(BB)与MW一致性最好;MW<3. 5时,MS7和MS(BB)均小于MW;MW> 3. 5时,MS7和MS(BB)大于MW。③MS(BB)与美国地震台网相比较,MS(BB)在5. 5和6. 0左右时,与MW(NEIC)一致性最好,几乎相等;MS(BB)<5. 5时,MS(BB) 6. 0时,MS(BB)> MW(NEIC)。④MW和MW(NEIC)之间存在偏差,MW整体小于MW(NEIC)。  相似文献   

基于新浪微博大数据的新疆伽师6.4级地震舆情分析及可视化研究     

李亚芳  王新刚  梁庆云 《内陆地震》2020,(1):103-110

基于新浪微博大数据,运用网络爬虫技术,获取新疆伽师6.4级地震后48小时新浪微博相关的博文和评论;通过对数据的去噪、去重、分词、索引等处理,得到结构化的分级、分类数据;在此基础上,产出震后微博舆情声量走势图、震后微博舆情情感值极性分布图、震后微博舆情热词词频统计表、博文和评论词云图以及博文和评论内容分类统计图,实现微博舆情数据的可视化。  相似文献   

Excess seawater nutrients,enlarged algal symbiont densities and bleaching sensitive reef locations: 2. A regional-scale predictive model for the Great Barrier Reef,Australia     

Scott A. Wooldridge  Scott F. Heron  Jon E. Brodie  Terence J. Done  Itsara Masiri  Saskia Hinrichs 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):343-354

A spatial risk assessment model is developed for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR, Australia) that helps identify reef locations at higher or lower risk of coral bleaching in summer heat-wave conditions. The model confirms the considerable benefit of discriminating nutrient-enriched areas that contain corals with enlarged (suboptimal) symbiont densities for the purpose of identifying bleaching-sensitive reef locations. The benefit of the new system-level understanding is showcased in terms of: (i) improving early-warning forecasts of summer bleaching risk, (ii) explaining historical bleaching patterns, (iii) testing the bleaching-resistant quality of the current marine protected area (MPA) network (iv) identifying routinely monitored coral health attributes, such as the tissue energy reserves and skeletal growth characteristics (viz. density and extension rates) that correlate with bleaching resistant reef locations, and (v) targeting region-specific water quality improvement strategies that may increase reef-scale coral health and bleaching resistance.  相似文献   

三原则整体最小二乘用于平面自由网平差计算     

郭绍禹 《测绘工程》2022,31(1):30-34

文中在平面网平差中应用整体最小二乘理念.在最小二乘模型中,为了消除观测方程系数误差和未知参数系统误差,加入系数改正数和参数改正数,并提出三原则整体最小二乘模型.研究平差两大步骤,用最小二乘多次改用"参考点组"而选出w个稳定点;用最小二乘多次改用"近似坐标"而消除系数误差和参数系统误差.三原则整体最小二乘适用于平面自由网...  相似文献   

FAM人工神经网络模型在震后趋势判断中的应用     

丛沛桐  薄景山  刘红帅  吴卫雄 《华南地震》2006,26(4):1-7

介绍了FAM模糊人工神经网络的原理、学习方法与规则,提出了用于地震震后序列3种震型的判断标准及现场预报规则,建立了基于FAM人工神经网络模型的地震现场预报手段与准则.  相似文献   

Use of local and global maps of forest canopy height and aboveground biomass to enhance local estimates of biomass in miombo woodlands in Tanzania     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Field surveys are often a primary source of aboveground biomass (AGB) data, but plot-based estimates of parameters related to AGB are often not sufficiently precise, particularly not in tropical countries. Remotely sensed data may complement field data and thus help to increase the precision of estimates and circumvent some of the problems with missing sample observations in inaccessible areas. Here, we report the results of a study conducted in a 15,867 km² area in the dry miombo woodlands of Tanzania, to quantify the contribution of existing canopy height and biomass maps to improving the precision of canopy height and AGB estimates locally. A local and a global height map and three global biomass maps, and a probability sample of 513 inventory plots were subject to analysis. Model-assisted sampling estimators were used to estimate mean height and AGB across the study area using the original maps and then with the maps calibrated with local inventory plots. Large systematic map errors – positive or negative – were found for all the maps, with systematic errors as great as 60–70 %. After being calibrated locally, the maps contributed substantially to increasing the precision of both mean height and mean AGB estimates, with relative efficiencies (variance of the field-based estimates relative to the variance of the map-assisted estimates) of 1.3–2.7 for the overall estimates. The study, although focused on a relatively small area of dry tropical forests, illustrates the potential strengths and weaknesses of existing global forest height and biomass maps based on remotely sensed data and universal prediction models. Our results suggest that the use of regional or local inventory data for calibration can substantially increase the precision of map-based estimates and their applications in assessing forest carbon stocks for emission reduction programs and policy and financial decisions.  相似文献   

基于RWTLS的Allan方差算法简化     

周晓敏  刘海颖  张俊杰 《测绘通报》2020,(3):44-47,82

Allan方差是现在应用最广泛的随机误差辨识方法之一。大量的试验表明Allan方差可有效地分离出导航过程中的多项随机误差,但是Allan方差也有自身的局限性。针对Allan方差在处理大数据量时计算效率低下、辨识度受粗差的影响较大的问题,本文提出了简化Allan方差算法的方案。首先,在确保Allan方差计算准确的前提下,以提高Allan方差计算效率为目的,对Allan方差算法进行简化;然后,利用抗差加权整体最小二乘（RWTLS）模型的迭代算法对简化后的Allan方差辨识结果进行抗差拟合处理;最后,以光纤式惯性测量单元（IMU）为分析对象,设计试验方案对简化后的Allan方差进行验证。  相似文献