利用稳定同位素(15N)示踪技术研究浮游藻类氮素吸收速率特征     

韩菲尔  赵中华  李大鹏  张路 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(4):811-821

浮游藻类对溶解态氮的吸收同化是湖泊氮生物循环和水体富营养化发生机制探讨的关键环节。本文通过~(15)N稳定同位素添加实验以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)、卡德藻(Tetraselmis sp.)、剧毒卡尔藻(Karlodinium veneficum)以及盐水隐藻(Rhodomonas salina)为研究对象,从浮游藻类氮素吸收时间、营养盐基质以及藻种差异三个方面研究五种藻类对铵氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝氮(NO_3~--N)、尿素氮(Urea-N)三种形态氮的吸收特征。研究发现:(1)浮游藻类对三种形态氮的吸收均在1h时吸收速率最高,其氮素吸收过程为快速吸收。(2)浮游藻类优先吸收还原态氮,其中NH_4~+-N吸收速率最高,当培养周期为1d和4d时浮游藻类对NH_4~+-N吸收速率的均值分别为4.05和4.15μmol/(L·h);浮游藻类对Urea-N吸收相对偏好系数为25.18—713.42,表现出对小分子溶解态有机氮的特定偏好性。(3)不同藻种对氮素吸收具有不同特征,其中,剧毒卡尔藻对三种形态氮的吸收速率均为最高,而铜绿微囊藻的吸收速率均为最低;不同藻种不同培养时间氮素吸收速率差异与浮游藻类生长周期等特性有关。不同浮游藻类对不同形态氮素表现出吸收特异性,对水体氮负荷和浮游藻类水华优势种形成将产生重要影响。  相似文献   

Global distribution of summer chlorophyll blooms in the oligotrophic gyres     

Cara Wilson  Xuemei Qiu 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,78(2):107-134

Chlorophyll blooms consistently develop in the oligotrophic NE Pacific in late summer, isolated from land masses and sources of higher chlorophyll waters. These blooms are potentially driven by nitrogen fixation, or by vertically migrating phytoplankton, and a better understanding of their ubiquity could improve our estimate of the global nitrogen fixation rate. Here, global SeaWiFS chlorophyll data from 1997 to 2007 are examined to determine if similar blooms occur in other oligotrophic gyres. Our analysis revealed blooms in five other areas. Two of these are regions where blooms have been previously identified: the SW Pacific and off the southern tip of Madagascar. Previously, unnoticed summer blooms were also identified in the NE and SW Atlantic and in a band along 10°S in the Indian Ocean. There is considerable variation in the intensity and frequency of blooms in the different regions, occurring the least frequently in the Atlantic Ocean. The blooms that develop along 10°S in the Indian Ocean are unique in that they are clearly associated with a hydrographic feature, the 10°S thermocline ridge, which explains the bloom within a conventional upwelling scenario. The environment and timing of the blooms, developing in oligotrophic waters in late summer, are conducive to both nitrogen fixers and vertically migrating phytoplankton, which require a relatively stable water column. However, the specific locations of the chlorophyll blooms generally do not coincide with areas of maximum levels of nitrogen fixation or Trichodesmium. The NE Pacific chlorophyll blooms develop in a region with a very high SiO₄/NO₃ ratio, where silicate will not be a limiting nutrient for diatoms. The blooms often develop between eddies, wrapping around the periphery of anti-cyclonic features. However, none of the areas where the blooms develop have particularly high eddy kinetic energy, from either a basin-scale or a mesoscale perspective, suggesting that other factors, such as interactions with a front or dynamics associated with the critical latitude, operate in conjunction with the eddy field to produce the observed blooms.  相似文献   

温度、氮浓度和氮磷比对长心卡帕藻(Kappaphycus alvarezii)吸收氮速率的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘建国  路克国  林伟  庞通  王莉 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(5):529-535

分别在室内培养箱、海滨室外跑道池和不同自然海区,通过一次性和半连续添加营养、以及检测海区水质和藻体生长的方法,研究了不同氮浓度、温度和氮磷比条件下,长心卡帕藻氮吸收速率的变化和氮吸收速率随时间变化,以及栽培该藻的环境生态贡献。小型实验、中试放大和海区规模栽培结果表明:(1)在10—50μmol/L范围内,该藻吸收氮速率随氮浓度增加而增大;(2)当氮浓度一定时,氮磷比在1—50范围内对该藻吸收氮速率没有产生显著影响(P>0.05);(3)温度对该藻吸收氮速率有显著影响(P<0.05),其中温度在28℃时氮的吸收速率最高;(4)尽管一次性添加营养实验中长心卡帕藻吸收氮速率随时间变化表现出先快后慢的趋势,但是进一步的半连续添加营养实验证实,导致吸收速率下降系底物氮浓度限制,而不是藻本身吸收能力下降,结果还显示卡帕藻具有连续吸收同化无机氮能力;在自然光温度变化和不受底物浓度限制条件下,该藻藻体去除无机氮效率最大维持在0.3μmol/(gFW·h);(5)海南陵水黎安海湾水质数据显示,栽培该藻去除海水富营养化和净化水质作用显著,其去除海水富营养化的年贡献为33t氮素。  相似文献   

Nutrient composition and distributions in coastal waters impacted by the Changjiang plume   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

WANG Xiulin  WANG Baodong  ZHANG Chuansong  SHI Xiaoyong  ZHU Chenjian  XIE Linping  HAN Xiurong  XIN Yu  WANG Jiangtao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(5):111-125

Four cruises were conducted during 2002--2003 in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent coastal areas. The data presented show a clear coast to open sea gradient in nutrients related to the river inputs. Maximum values of chlorophyll a were typically observed at intermediate salinities at surface water and coincided with non-conservative decreases in nutrients along the salinity gradient, indicating that removal of nutrients was related to phytoplankton uptake. The seasonal variations of nutrient concentrations were just opposite to those of chlorophyll a, indicating that the seasonal variations of nutrients were mainly controlled by phytoplankton uptake, whereas riverine inputs merely weakened or balanced its extent. During the estuarine mixing, phosphate demonstrated some remobilization during all the four cruises; whereas both conservative and non-conservative behaviors for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and silicate were observed in the study area, indicating that both biotic and abiotic events may affect their behaviors during the estuarine mixing. Under the influence of freshwater inputs with high value of ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, the estuarine and coastal waters impacted by the Changjiang plume were high （ 〉 30） in ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, but rates of primary production were apparently not constrained by any kind of nutrient elements. However, the low （ 〈 1 ） ratio of silicate to nitrogen in most of the study area might be linked with the rapidly increasing frequency of harmful algal bloom （HAB） incidents in recent years in the coastal waters impacted by the Changjiang plume.  相似文献   

Nutrient flux into an intense deep chlorophyll layer in a mode-water eddy     

James R. Ledwell  Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr.  Laurence A. Anderson   《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(10-13):1139

An intense deep chlorophyll layer in the Sargasso Sea was reported near the center of an anticyclonic mode-water eddy by McGillicuddy et al. [2007. Eddy–wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms, Science, accepted]. The high chlorophyll was associated with anomalously high concentrations of diatoms and with a maximum in the vertical profile of ¹⁴C primary productivity. Here we report tracer measurements of the vertical advection and turbulent diffusion of deep-water nutrients into this chlorophyll layer. Tracer released in the chlorophyll layer revealed upward motion relative to isopycnal surfaces of about 0.4 m/d, due to solar heating and mixing. The density surfaces themselves shoaled by about 0.1 m/d. The upward flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, averaged over 36 days, was approximately 0.6 mmol/m²/d due to both upwelling and mixing. This flux is about 40% of the basin wide, annually averaged, nitrogen flux required to drive the annual new production in the Sargasso Sea, estimated from the oxygen cycle in the euphotic zone, the oxygen demand below the euphotic zone, and from the ³He excess in the mixed layer. The observed upwelling of the fluid was consistent with theoretical models [Dewar, W.K., Flierl, G.R., 1987. Some effects of wind on rings. Journal of Physical Oceanography 17, 1653–1667; Martin, A.P., Richards, K.J., 2001. Mechanisms for vertical nutrient transport within a North Atlantic mesoscale eddy. Deep-Sea Research II 48, 757–773] in which eddy surface currents cause spatial variations in surface stress. The diapycnal diffusivity at the base of the euphotic zone was 3.5±0.5×10⁻⁵ m²/s. Diapycnal mixing was probably enhanced over more typical values by the series of storms passing over the eddy during the experiment and may have been enhanced further by the trapping of near-inertial waves generated within the eddy.  相似文献   

Benthic nitrate biogeochemistry affected by tidal modulation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) through a sandy beach face, Ria Formosa, Southwestern Iberia     

C. Rocha  J. Ibanhez  C. Leote   《Marine Chemistry》2009,115(1-2):43-58

To investigate both the role of tides on the timing and magnitude of Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD), and the effect on benthic nitrogen biogeochemistry of nitrate-enriched brackish water percolating upwards at the seepage face, we conducted a study of SGD rates measured simultaneously with seepage meters and mini-piezometers, combined with sets (n = 39) of high resolution in-situ porewater profiles describing NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, Si(OH)₄ and salinity distribution with depth (0–20 cm). Sampling took place during two consecutive spring tidal cycles in four different months (November 2005, March, April and August 2006) at a backbarrier beach face in the Ria Formosa lagoon, southern Portugal. Our results show that the tide is one of the major agents controlling the timing and magnitude of SGD into the Ria Formosa. Intermittent pumping of brackish, nitrate-bearing water at the beach face through surface sediments changed both the magnitudes and depth distributions of porewater NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ concentrations. The most significant changes in nitrate and ammonium concentrations were observed in near-surface sediment horizons coinciding with increased fraction of N in benthic organic matter, as shown by the organic C:N ratio. On the basis of mass balance calculations executed on available benthic profiles, providing ratios of net Ammonium Production Rate (APR) to Nitrate Reduction Rate (NRR), coupled to stoichiometric calculations based on the composition of organic matter, potential pathways of nitrogen transformation were speculated upon. Although the seepage face occasionally contributes to reduce the groundwater-borne DIN loading of the lagoon, mass balance analysis suggests that a relatively high proportion of the SGD-borne nitrogen flowing into the lagoon may be enhanced by nitrification at the shallow (1–3 cm) subsurface and modulated by dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA).  相似文献   

长江口及邻近海区营养盐结构与限制   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王奎  陈建芳  金海燕  李宏亮  高生泉  卢勇  徐杰  翁焕新 《海洋学报》2013,35(3):128-136

通过研究长江口及邻近海域溶解无机氮(DIN=NO₃-+NO₂-+NH₄+)、磷酸盐(PO₄3-)、硅酸盐(SiO₃2-)所表征的营养盐区域结构特征及影响因素,在分析营养盐绝对限制情况的基础上,划分了潜在相对营养限制区域。结果表明,123°E以西近岸表层区域DIN/P比值全年均高于16,而Si/DIN除秋季外基本小于1,显示出长江冲淡水影响下"过量氮"的特征。春夏季河口锋面区(31°~32.5°N,122.5°~124°E)硅藻的大量生长可使DIN/P异常升高和Si/DIN异常降低。秋季研究区域北部DIN/P西低东高且Si/DIN西高东低是由于在高DIN、低PO₄3-的长江冲淡水影响下,近岸受相对低DIN、高SiO₃2-的苏北沿岸流南下入侵影响而被分割而成。冬季长江口门东北部存在的高DIN/P和低Si/DIN区则主要由于寡营养盐的黑潮水深入陆架,向东北输送的部分长江冲淡水和增强的苏北沿岸流共同作用造成DIN升高所致。利用Redfield比值进行了不同站位表层潜在相对营养限制情况的区分。近岸123°E以西受高DIN、SiO₃2-长江冲淡水影响,四季多呈现PO₄3-潜在相对限制,而在春夏季由于浮游植物的大量吸收PO₄3-,造成局部PO₄3-绝对限制及潜在相对限制。春夏季氮限(DIN潜在相对限制)一般发生在外海部分站位,但较为零散。秋季除了东南外海大部分站位外,受苏北沿岸流影响在长江口北部近岸也存在氮限。随着低DIN/P的黑潮表层水(KSW)的入侵加强,冬季外海氮限站位增多。硅限(SiO₃2-潜在相对限制)在夏季发生在赤潮高发区,而冬季南部存在较多硅限站位表明KSW中SiO₃2-相对较为缺乏。  相似文献   

赤潮发生机理研究──海洋原甲藻的氮营养生理特征   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17  

黄晓航  史冬梅  张京浦  刘海航  吴超元 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(1):33-38

于１９９１年１月－１９９１年１２月，以不同浓度的硝态氮（２０，６０，２００，６００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）研究对赤潮生物海洋原甲藻的生长和生化组成的影响，及其营养生理特性，结果表明，在氮浓度为２００和６００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，表现光合作用强，细胞生长快，指数生长期长，叶绿素含量高，提示了由原甲藻爆发引起的赤潮与海洋富营养化有直接关系，结果还表明，海洋原甲藻可以累积蛋白质和碳水化合物，当外界氮源不能满足生长需要时  相似文献   

胶州湾沉积物中氮与磷的来源及其生物地球化学特征   总被引：25，自引：9，他引：25  

李学刚  宋金明  李宁  袁华茂  高学鲁 《海洋与湖沼》2005,36(6):562-571

通过对比分析和相关分析对沉积物中氮、磷含量、OC∶TN、TN∶TP进行了研究,探讨了胶州湾沉积物中氮、磷的来源及其生物地球化学特征.研究表明,胶州湾表层沉积物中总氮、总磷的变化趋势一致,即从湾内到湾外含量依次降低,其中总氮依次为0.41、0.25、0.20mg/g,总磷的含量依次为0.29、0.24、0.22mg/g.在整个柱状样中总氮、总磷平均含量的变化也和表层基本一致,有机氮在大部分层次占总氮的50%-70%,无机磷所占总磷的比例一般大于60%.根据沉积物OC∶TN比、氮、磷的垂直分布可以判断湾内和湾口沉积物中的氮主要是陆源的,海洋自生的氮分别占28.9%和13.1%,湾外的氮主要是自生的,海洋自生的氮占62.1%.与氮相比,磷主要是陆源的,但在湾外海洋自生磷的比例明显高于湾内.悬浮颗粒物的组成也证明了湾内沉积物中氮、磷主要是陆源的.沉积物中OC∶TN值的垂直变化也反映了近年来胶州湾物质来源的变化特征,即河流来沙急剧减少,沿岸倾倒垃圾不断增多,后者已经取代前者成为胶州湾主要的沉积物来源.另外,沉积物中TN和TN∶TP的垂直变化也和近年来胶州湾水体中营养盐含量的变化相一致.胶州湾不同地区氮、磷的沉积通量相差很大,湾口的沉积通量最大,而湾外的沉积通量最小;在表层沉积物中,氮的矿化速率高于磷,有机磷的矿化速率大于无机磷,但有机氮的矿化速率并不一定大于无机氮.OC、pH、Eh、Es等环境因素影响氮、磷的矿化,但在不同海区影响程度并不相同.  相似文献   

半连续培养下东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻种群生长过程与种间竞争研究   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

王宗灵  李瑞香  朱明远  陈炳章  郝彦菊 《海洋科学进展》2006,24(4):495-503

采用半连续培养方法研究了温度和营养盐(N和P)限制对中国东海2种重要赤潮生物东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻生长及种间竞争的影响。结果表明,东海原甲藻在20℃和25℃时生长状态良好,具有明显的指数增长期,15℃时细胞生长明显受到影响;中肋骨条藻具有较广的温度适应性,15~25℃时均具有明显的指数增长期。东海原甲藻可以忍受低营养盐环境并种群增长,而中肋骨条藻细胞增长需要较丰富的营养盐。在营养盐充足的环境里中肋骨条藻具有竞争优势,相反,在营养盐限制的环境中,东海原甲藻是竞争的优胜者。实验结果与东海原甲藻赤潮爆发现场的环境调查结果基本一致,可以作为解释东海原甲藻赤潮形成原因的依据。  相似文献