Discussion of “experiment and statistical assessment on piping failures in soils with different gradations”     

Xiaoming Zhao  Yuan Wang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(2):197-198

Internal stability assessment methods, such as Kezdi and Kenney and Lau, have some degree of uncertainty and they do not take the effect of soil density in consideration. Analysis show that the internal stability of some granular soils could be stable, transition state, or unstable based on the relative density. All these factors could affect the accuracy of statistical analysis based on the assessment of these methods.  相似文献   

Closure to discussion of “experiment and statistical assessment on piping failures in soils with different gradations”     

Kuo-Hsin Yang  Jyun-Yen Wang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(3):376-378

This paper responds to the comments from two discussions. The comments related to the uncertainties in the internal stability criteria and the determination of input soil property for prediction models, which affect the accuracy of predicting critical hydraulic gradient, are addressed and discussed.  相似文献   

Seismic analysis and design of rigid bridge abutments considering rotation and sliding incorporating non-linear soil behavior     

A. S. Al-Homoud  R. V. Whitman 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1999,18(4):35

A two-dimensional (2D) finite element analytical model is developed to analyze the seismic response of rigid highway bridge abutments, retaining and founded on dry sand. A well verified finite element code named FLEX is used for this purpose. The proposed model has the following characteristics: (1) The soil (dry sand in this study) is modeled by a 2D finite element grid; (2) The bridge abutment is molded as a rigid substructure; (3) The strength and deformation of the soil are modeled using the viscous cap constitutive model. This model consists of a failure surface and hardening cap together with an associated flow rule. The cap surface is activated for the soil under the wall to represent compaction during wall rocking. In addition, viscoelastic behavior is provided for representing the hysteretic-like damping of soil during dynamic loading; (4) Interface elements are used between the wall and the soil (at the backface of the wall and under its base) to allow for sliding and for debonding/recontact behavior; (5) The finite element grid is truncated by using an absorbing boundary approximation. Using this boundary at both sides of the grid simulates the horizontal radiation of energy scattered from the wall and the excavation. Shear beams are placed adjacent to the lateral boundaries from each side which give the far-field ground motion, for comparison with those computed adjacent to the boundaries. The analytical model is verified comparing predictions to results from dynamic centrifuge tests, with satisfactory agreement. The proposed model is used to study the dynamic response of an 8.0 m high and 3.0 m wide rigid bridge abutment (proportioned using the traditional approach to design) for different sinusoidal and earthquake acceleration input motions. The results from the analysis show that outward tilting of rigid bridge abutments is the dominant mode of response during dynamic shaking and that these abutments end up with a permanent outward tilt at the end of shaking. The results from all the analyzed cases of the 8.0 m high gravity retaining wall together with those from the analysis of the tilting wall centrifuge tests are discussed and used for proposing a practical method for evaluating the seismic response of rigid abutments during earthquakes.  相似文献   

关于地震震级-频度关系式及其非线性项的讨论   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

敖力布 《地震工程学报》1999,21(1):94-98

研究了震级频度关系式中非线性项产生的原因,指出由于地震孕育过程是非线性的,很多地震现象都服从分形和混沌规律,因此传统的震级频度关系式中应含有非线性项,才能全面描述地震过程的非线性规律．得出了新的含有非线性项的震级频度关系式．讨论了该公式中非线性项的含义．  相似文献   

黄河上游地区地热场初步分析     

董治平  雷芳等 《内陆地震》1999,13(4):325-331

运用热流、地温梯度及温泉等资料,划分了黄河上游地区的地热异常区,讨论了地热与构造及地震的关系。认为断裂构造及深部热源是地热异常的主要成因;在空间上,强震分布与热异常区的分布呈相关关系。  相似文献   

应用非线性高阶谐波衰减和尾波干涉监测高温作用后水泥制品的损伤演化     

张尧  马强  肖武军 《震灾防御技术》2018,13(1):52-64

非线性高阶谐波和尾波波速变化均能够反映水泥材料内部微结构的应力变化。利用高阶谐波和尾波干涉实验测量系统,对引入高温作用后的3类不同粒径共6块水泥试样进行单轴加载的损伤演化实验,并与无高温作用的完整试样的实验结果进行对比。结果表明,从初始状态到25%抗压强度的过程中,高温作用后的试样的谐波幅值和尾波波速变化出现明显增强的现象（谐波幅值最大增幅约20%）,而无高温作用的完整试样的谐波幅值和尾波波速变化较为平稳（谐波幅值最大增幅约5%）;在达到65%抗压强度的过程中,高温作用后的试样的谐波幅值和尾波波速变化急剧增大（谐波幅值最大增幅约100%）,且粒径较大的试样的增幅高于粒径较小的试样,而无高温作用的完整试样的谐波幅值和尾波波速变化的增幅较小（谐波幅值最大增幅约10%）;当抗压强度超过75%以后,高温作用后的试样的谐波幅值和尾波波速变化急剧衰减（谐波幅值最大衰减幅度约140%）,而无高温作用的完整试样的谐波幅值和尾波波速的最大衰减幅值在40%以内。基于以上观测结果对高温作用后水泥制品损伤演化的物理机制以及这两类监测方法的适用性进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Grey wolf optimizer: a new strategy to invert geophysical data sets          下载免费PDF全文

Aayush Agarwal  Akash Chandra  Shalivahan Shalivahan  Roshan K Singh 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(6):1215-1226

There is no meta‐heuristic approach best suited for solving all optimization problems making this field of study highly active. This results in enhancing current approaches and proposing new meta‐heuristic algorithms. Out of all meta‐heuristic algorithms, swarm intelligence is preferred as it can preserve information about the search space over the course of iterations and usually has fewer tuning parameters. Grey Wolves, considered as apex predators, motivated us to simulate Grey Wolves in the optimization of geophysical data sets. The grey wolf optimizer is a swarm‐based meta‐heuristic algorithm, inspired by mimicking the social leadership hierarchy and hunting behaviour of Grey Wolves. The leadership hierarchy is simulated by alpha, beta, delta and omega types of wolves. The three main phases of hunting, that is searching, encircling and attacking prey, is implemented to perform the optimization. To evaluate the efficacy of the grey wolf optimizer, we performed inversion on the total gradient of magnetic, gravity and self‐potential anomalies. The results have been compared with the particle swarm optimization technique. Global minimum for all the examples from grey wolf optimizer was obtained with seven wolves in a pack and 2000 iterations. Inversion was initially performed on thin dykes for noise‐free and noise‐corrupted (up to 20% random noise) synthetic data sets. The inversion on a single thin dyke was performed with a different search space. The results demonstrate that, compared with particle swarm optimization, the grey wolf optimizer is less sensitive to search space variations. Inversion of noise‐corrupted data shows that grey wolf optimizer has a better capability in handling noisy data as compared to particle swarm optimization. Practical applicability of the grey wolf optimizer has been demonstrated by adopting four profiles (i.e. surface magnetic, airborne magnetic, gravity and self‐potential) from the published literature. The grey wolf optimizer results show better data fit than the particle swarm optimizer results and match well with borehole data.  相似文献   

藏北地区钻孔大地热流值测量          下载免费PDF全文

金春爽  付修根  陈文彬  乔德武  葛佳  祝有海  卢振权  王平康 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3095-3105

本文利用藏北地区三口天然气水合物钻孔测温数据,在分析样品热导率测试结果基础上,计算了藏北地区的热流值.对于样品热导率值,首先根据样品孔隙度对实验室测试结果进行了饱水校正,计算热流时采用的是对应井段的岩石热导率饱水校正值的厚度加权平均值.地温梯度以三口钻孔48 h的测温数据为基础,回归三口井的地温梯度,计算时去除了浅部受地表温度和冻土带对温度影响的数值.A钻孔地温梯度分为200~438 m和438~882 m两段回归,分段热流的加权平均值作为钻孔热流值,计算结果为42.7 mW·m^-2; B钻孔和C钻孔回归地温梯度时未分段,热流计算结果分别为58.3 mW·m^-2、70 mW·m^-2.综合分析认为,岩石圈断裂、地幔上涌、碰撞造山过程中的剪切生热等因素可能造成了班公湖—怒江缝合带以南热流值较高,而北部羌塘地块热流值相对较低.  相似文献   

FIRST REPORT OF BERO ZECO ACTIVE FAULT IN GÊRZÊ, NORTHERN TIBET     

HA Guang-hao  WU Zhong-hai  MA Feng-shan  ZENG Qing-li  ZHANG Lu-qing  GAI Hai-long 《地震地质》2019,41(2):436-446

In the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, the active tectonics are primarily marked by conjugate strike slip faults and north-trending rifts, which represent the E-W extension since late Cenozoic of the plateau. The conjugate faults are mainly composed of NE-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults in Qiangtang terrane and NW-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults in Lhasa terrane. While, the rifts mainly strike N, NNW and NNE within southern Tibet. However, it is still a debate on the deformational style and specific adjustment mechanism of E-W extension. One of key reasons causing this debate is the lack of detailed investigation of these active faults, especially within the northwestern plateau. Recently, we found a 20km long, NNW-trending active fault at Bero Zeco in northwestern Tibet. This fault is presented as fault sag ponds, channel offsets and fault scarps. Displacement of channels and geomorphic features suggested that the Bero Zeco Fault(BZF)is a dextral strike-slip fault with a small amount of normal slip component, which may result from the E-W extensional deformation in the interior of Tibet. BZF strikes N330°~340°W, as shown on the satellite image. The main Quaternary strata in the studied area are two stages alluvial fans around the Bero Zeco. From the satellite images, the old alluvial fans were cut by the lake shoreline leaving many of lake terraces. And the young fans cut across the lake terraces and the old fans. By contrasting to the "Paleo-Qiangtang Huge Lake" since late Quaternary, these old alluvial fans could be late Pleistocene with age ranging from 40ka to 50ka. And the young fans could be Holocene. The sag ponds along the BZF are distributed in the late Pleistocene alluvial fans. Also, the BZF displaced the late Pleistocene fans without traces within Holocene fans, suggesting that the BZF is a late Pleistocene active fault. The fault scarps are gentler with the slope angle of around 10° and the vertical offset is about 2m by field measurement. Reconstruction of the offset of channels suggested that the accumulated dextral offset could be about 44m on the late Pleistocene alluvial fans. Therefore, we infer that the dextral slip-rate could be around 1mm/a showing a low-rate deformation characteristic. The angle between the strike of BZF and principal compressive stress axis(σ₁)is around 30°, which is significantly different to the other faults within the conjugate strike-slip fault zones that is 60°~75°. Now, the deformation mechanisms on these conjugate faults are mainly proposed in the studies of obtuse angle between the faults and σ₁, which is likely not applicable for the BZF. We infer that the BZF could be the northward prolongation of the north-trending rifts based on the geometry. This difference suggests that the conjugate strike-slip faults may be formed by two different groups:one is obtuse angle, which is related to block extrusion or shear zones in Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes possibly; the other is acute angle, which may represent the characteristics of new-born fractures. And more studies are needed on their deformation mechanisms.  相似文献   

基于GNSS数据的朝鲜核爆电离层效应观测研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘祎  周晨  张雪芹  梁睿  刘欣  赵正予 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1308-1317

本文分析了电离层对2009年、2013年和2016年朝鲜核试验中地下核爆(Underground Nuclear Explosion,UNE)的响应.利用南北半球IGS站的GNSS-TEC观测数据,发现了在3次核试验期间的磁共轭电离层扰动现象.观测结果表明,3次UNE所产生的电离层扰动分别以228m·s-1、173m·s-1和147m·s-1的速度从核试验爆心地区径向传播.本文研究提出,UNE所产生的电离层TEC扰动是岩石圈-大气层-电离层耦合(Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling,LAIC)电场渗透到电离层高度引发电动力学过程的结果.此外,LAIC电场可以沿磁力线映射到共轭半球,从而在共轭地区造成电离层TEC扰动.因此,在核试验地区附近以及其对应的磁共轭地区,UNE所产生的LAIC电场在电离层TEC扰动的形成中起着关键性的作用.  相似文献