类生物量锥体     

杨纪明 《海洋科学》2007,31(10):1-3

对北海鱼类营养级和生物量进行了综合分析,北海鱼类群落中,浮游生物食性、底栖生物食性和游泳生物食性鱼类的平均营养级分别为3.5,3.9和4.5,依次递增,而它们的生物量之比为1∶0.8∶0.4,依次递减,由此发现了一种与生物量锥体相似而又不同的现象,即捕食者与捕食者之间横向的营养级与生物量的负相关关系,作者称之为类生物量锥体。北海的生物量锥体其底部与顶部营养级之比为1∶4,生物量之比为1333∶1;类生物量锥体其底部与顶部营养级之比为3.5∶4.5,生物量之比只有2.36∶1,由此看出类生物量锥体相似于生物量锥体,但又不同于Odum提出的被食者与捕食者之间的纵向关系的生物量锥体,其生物量的变化幅度较生物量锥体为小。类生物量锥体的意义在于可以从鱼类生态类群营养级的高低来推测其生物量的状况。  相似文献   

Impacts of fisheries on plankton community structure   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

Reid  P. C.; Battle  E. J. V.; Batten  S. D.; Brander  K. M. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(3):495-502

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Reconstructing the historical changes in Daphnia mean size and planktivorous fish abundance in lakes from the size of Daphnia ephippia in the sediment   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Erik Jeppesen  Jens Peder Jensen  Susanne Amsinck  Frank Landkildehus  Torben Lauridsen  Stuart F. Mitchell 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2002,27(1):133-143

The zooplankton community structure in lakes is highly influenced by size-selective predation by fish, with small zooplankton species dominating at high predation pressure. Remains of cladocerans are preserved in the sediment and may be used to trace historical changes in fish predation. We determined how contemporary data on planktivorous fish were related to the size of Daphnia ephippia (dorsal length) in the surface sediment (0-1 cm) of 52 mainly shallow lakes with contrasting densities of fish and nutrients (TP: 0.002-0.60 mg P l^-1). Density of fish expressed as catch per unit effort, in terms of numbers in multiple mesh-sized gill nets (CPUE_n), decreased significantly with increasing mean size of ephippia. The relationship was improved by adding TP as an independent variable, now explaining 90% of the variation in CPUE_n on the full data set covering lakes in Denmark, Greenland and New Zealand, and 78% if only data on Danish lakes were used. CPUE by weight of planktivorous fish and mean weight of Daphnia in the pelagial during summer were also related to ephippial size. By including contemporary data on established relationships between the sizes of egg-bearing female Daphnia and ephippia, we inferred changes in the CPUE_n, mean size of ephippia-bearing Daphnia and summer mean body weight of Daphnia from ephippial size in four lakes during the past 1-2 centuries. In a hypertrophic lake subject to periodic fish kills, Daphnia mean body weight was high and CPUE_n was low compared with those in two eutrophic lakes, while CPUE_n was low and Daphnia body weight was high in the least eutrophic, clearwater lake. Estimated CPUE_n and Daphnia mean weight in the surface sediment of these four lakes corresponded well with contemporary data. Only small changes in ephippial size with time were observed in the clearwater lake and in one of the lakes that had suffered early eutrophication, while major changes occurred in the two other lakes that had been subjected to a major increase in nutrient input or fish kills. We conclude that Daphnia ephippia preserved in the surface sediments of lakes may be a useful and efficient method to quantify the present-day abundance of planktivorous fish and Daphnia mean size. The method is particularly valid in surveys aimed to give a general picture of the fish stock and the ecological state in a set of lakes in a region rather than a precise estimate for a single lake. Though some evidence is provided, more work is needed to evaluate whether the equations are valid for hind-casting in down-core palaeoecological studies.  相似文献   

Evolution qualitative à long terme des rotifères du Lac Léman     

Gérard Balvay  Monique Laurent 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1990,52(2):156-161

Seventy-five species and lower taxonomic units of rotifers have been identified in Lake Geneva (= lac Léman); seven species and one form are new for the lake. When using indicators of trophic conditions, the qualitative composition of the biocenosis is still dominated by oligo-mesotrophic lake indicators, mixed with eutrophic and oligotrophic ones. However the rotifer biocenosis has not yet reached a steady state.

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Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13  

Cortes  E. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1999,56(5):707-717

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Developing an operational reference framework for fisheries management on the basis of a two-dimensional index of ecosystem impact     

Tudela  Sergi; Coll  Marta; Palomera  Isabel 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2005,62(3):585-591

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Movement patterns of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in a marine reserve and an unprotected area in the NW Mediterranean     

Bernat Hereu 《Marine Ecology》2005,26(1):54-62

Sea urchins can alter the composition and dynamics of algal communities by grazing. Changes in their displacement capability can influence their grazing and thus their effect on algal communities. The daily and monthly movement of Paracentrotus lividus inside and outside a marine reserve in the NW Mediterranean Sea was studied in order to determine the role of predation in sea urchin movements and its potential grazing impacts. During the 3‐month study, the total distance travelled by sea urchins ranged from 71.8 to 673.6 cm (mean = 379.2 cm, SD = 221.3). Home ranges (distances from the initial position) were between 50 and 302 cm (mean = 150.7 cm, SD = 99.4). Movements were not directional but random, with a mean of 150 cm around the initial position. The activity of Paracentrotus lividus was significantly higher at night than during daylight. Total displacement at the end of the experiment was significantly higher in the unprotected area than in the reserve, as was the home range. The linear distance travelled in a 24‐h period ranged between 6 and 220 cm with a mean home range of 51 cm. These results agree with those of other authors, and allow us to rule out major migratory processes of sea urchin populations in this area. Nevertheless, these results underline the role of predatory fishes in reducing herbivory pressure by trophic cascades, reinforcing the evidence that sea urchin escape behaviour may be an important factor in structuring algal communities.  相似文献   

基于碳氮稳定同位素技术的小清河口邻近海域底栖食物网结构研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张传鑫  陈静  纪莹璐  陈琳琳  李海汇  王全超  李宝泉  邢荣莲 《海洋学报》2022,44(1):89-100

为了掌握小清河口邻近海域底栖食物网结构特征,于2020年10月在小清河口邻近海域采集沉积物有机质、悬浮颗粒有机物、浮游动物和浮游植物4种潜在食源及35种生物样本,应用碳氮稳定同位素技术以及贝叶斯混合模型(MixSIAR)分析了小清河口邻近海域底栖食物网结构和营养关系.结果显示,潜在食源的δ13C值范围为-25.56‰～...  相似文献   

Biodiversity loss in benthic macroinfaunal communities and its consequence for organic mercury trophic availability to benthivorous predators in the lower Hudson River estuary, USA     

Daisuke Goto  William G. Wallace 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(12):1909-1915

Organic mercury such as methylmercury is not only one of the most toxic substances found in coastal ecosystems but also has high trophic transfer efficiency. In this study, we examined implications of chronically altered benthic macroinfaunal assemblages for organic mercury trophic availability (based on organic mercury intracellular partitioning) to their predators in the Arthur Kill-AK (New York, USA). Despite low species diversity, both density and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates in AK were significantly higher than those at the reference site. Disproportionately high biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates (mostly polychaetes) in the northern AK resulted in a more than twofold increase (‘ecological enrichment’) in the trophically available organic mercury pool. These results suggest that altered benthic macroinfaunal community structure in AK may play an important role in organic mercury trophic availability at the base of benthic food webs and potentially in mercury biogeochemical cycling in this severely urbanized coastal ecosystem.  相似文献   

Growing season variability of nitrate along a trophic gradient – contrasting patterns between lakes and streams     

Maria I. Khalili  Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2009,71(1):25-33

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