Elastic wave‐vector decomposition in heterogeneous anisotropic media          下载免费PDF全文

Yanadet Sripanich  Sergey Fomel  Junzhe Sun  Jiubing Cheng 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(5):1231-1245

The goal of wave‐mode separation and wave‐vector decomposition is to separate a full elastic wavefield into three wavefields with each corresponding to a different wave mode. This allows elastic reverse‐time migration to handle each wave mode independently. Several of the previously proposed methods to accomplish this task require the knowledge of the polarisation vectors of all three wave modes in a given anisotropic medium. We propose a wave‐vector decomposition method where the wavefield is decomposed in the wavenumber domain via the analytical decomposition operator with improved computational efficiency using low‐rank approximations. The method is applicable for general heterogeneous anisotropic media. To apply the proposed method in low‐symmetry anisotropic media such as orthorhombic, monoclinic, and triclinic, we define the two S modes by sorting them based on their phase velocities (S1 and S2), which are defined everywhere except at the singularities. The singularities can be located using an analytical condition derived from the exact phase‐velocity expressions for S waves. This condition defines a weight function, which can be applied to attenuate the planar artefacts caused by the local discontinuity of polarisation vectors at the singularities. The amplitude information lost because of weighting can be recovered using the technique of local signal–noise orthogonalisation. Numerical examples show that the proposed approach provides an effective decomposition method for all wave modes in heterogeneous, strongly anisotropic media.  相似文献   

地震数据的反射波动方程最小二乘偏移   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈生昌  周华敏 《地球物理学报》2018,61(4):1413-1420

基于反射波动方程,本文提出了一种估计地下反射率分布的地震数据最小二乘偏移方法.高频近似下,非齐次的一次反射波动方程的源项是由反射率与入射波场的时间一阶导数相互作用产生的.根据反射波动方程,利用线性最小二乘反演方法由地震反射数据重建出地下产生反射波的反射源,再结合波场正演计算出的地下入射波场,得到地下反射率分布的估计.在地下反射源的线性最小二乘反演重建中,我们采用迭代求解方法,并以地震波的检波器单向地下照明强度作为最小二乘优化问题中Hessian矩阵的近似.  相似文献   

中海油多分量地震处理技术的发展与应用实例          下载免费PDF全文

李维新  崔炯成  武文来  刘一峰  夏庆龙  石莹  江南森  黄小刚  张云鹏  薛东川 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1136-1149

20世纪末中海油在南海油气勘探中成功试验了二维多分量地震技术.其后十多年,中海油进一步在不同近海油气盆地采集了三维多分量OBC地震资料.但由于针对三维转换波的处理未能形成有效的关键技术,除双检叠加利用了水压分量和陆检垂直分量外,大量水平分量数据未被使用.鉴于此,中海油在十二五期间开展三维多分量地震数据处理的关键技术攻关：针对弹性波场的矢量特征、转换波射线路径不对称以及双程旅行时多时间尺度等问题,成功研发了矢量化的信号处理技术、弹性波速度建模以及叠前时间偏移成像等技术;集成了相对完善的三维弹性波成像EWI软件系统;完成了多个试验区的三维四分量OBC地震转换波的处理,取得了好于以往技术的效果;建立了海上多分量OBC地震资料处理流程.但相对于成熟的纵波处理技术,海洋多分量地震处理技术仍需要不断完善与发展.  相似文献   

隧道工程勘察中的超前预报成像方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

查欣洁  高星  王伟  侯献华  杨飞  张小艳 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1150-1156

针对地下工程领域隧道超前预报地震波波场传播与成像中存在的问题,通过数值模拟,构建二维含低速异常的隧道介质模型,研究隧道弹性波场传播规律和异常体边界成像准确性.首先,利用一阶速度-应力波动方程和高阶交错网格有限差分计算方法,导出隧道超前预报数值模拟的稳定性条件和边界条件,对上述隧道模型进行数值模拟,识别波场特征;其次,利用叠前逆时偏移成像方法,对压制噪音干扰后的波场在互相关成像条件下,对隧道模型中的异常体边界进行逆时偏移成像.研究结果表明：采用高阶交错网格有限差分正演获得异常体边界清晰的反射波和角点产生的散射波;逆时偏移算法获得隧道内异常体准确成像结果,从而大大提高隧道超前预报的分辨率与准确性;靠近掌子面单一震源、多道接收观测系统对异常体成像效果最佳,为隧道内高效数据采集提供理论依据.  相似文献   

青藏高原东北缘地震时空迁移的有限元数值模拟   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

孙云强  罗纲 《地球物理学报》2018,61(6):2246-2264

地震在大陆内部断层系统中的时空迁移和丛集的基本力学机制一直是地球科学家关注的重要问题.青藏高原东北缘地震活动频繁,其地震时空迁移和地震丛集现象显著,是研究这个问题的重要区域.我们建立了一个三维黏弹塑性有限元模型,模拟了青藏高原东北缘主要活动断层系统的地震循环和地震时空迁移;计算了断层系统的应力演化;并探讨了断层之间的相互作用及地震时空迁移和地震丛集的原因.模拟结果显示断层之间的相互作用通过增加或降低断层上的库仑应力,加速或延缓了地震发生,使得区域地震可以在短时间内集中发生,从而形成地震丛集;另外,区域经过多个地震循环的长期演化,一些孕震断层上的应力状态恰好都达到屈服的临界状态附近,从而也可以导致这些断层上的地震在短期内集中发生,因此产生地震丛集和地震迁移.我们发现当区域经历地震丛集之后,该区域的应力大大释放,区域进入地震平静期;随着构造加载的持续,区域应力逐渐恢复,为下一次地震丛集或地震序列累积应力和能量;上述过程可以重复发生.因此地震丛集期与平静期交替出现.我们还统计了各个断层的大地震相互迁移的模拟结果,结果显示青藏高原东北缘下一次大地震有很大的概率会发生在海原断层上.  相似文献   

Upstream perturbation and floodplain formation effects on chute-cutoff-dominated meandering river pattern and dynamics     

Steven A. H. Weisscher  Yasuyuki Shimizu  Maarten G. Kleinhans 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(11):2156-2169

A sustained dynamic inflow perturbation and bar–floodplain conversion are considered crucial to dynamic meandering. Past experiments, one-dimensional modelling and linear theory have demonstrated that the initiation and persistence of dynamic meandering require a periodic transverse motion of the inflow. However, it remains unknown whether the period of the inflow perturbation affects self-formed meander dynamics. Here, we numerically study the effect of the inflow perturbation period on the development and meander dynamics of a chute-cutoff-dominated river, which requires two-dimensional modelling with vegetation forming floodplain on bars. We extended the morphodynamic model Nays2D with growth and mortality rules of vegetation to allow for meandering. We tested the effect of a transversely migrating inflow boundary by varying the perturbation period between runs over an order of magnitude around typical modelled meander periods. Following the cutoff cascade after initial meander formation from a straight channel, all runs with sufficient vegetation show series of growing meanders terminated by chute cutoffs. This generates an intricate channel belt topography with point bar complexes truncated by chutes, oxbow lakes, and scroll-bar-related vegetation age patterns. The sinuosity, braiding index and meander period, which emerge from the inherent biomorphological feedback loops, are unrelated to the inflow perturbation period, although the spin-up to dynamic equilibrium takes a longer time and distance for weak and absent inflow perturbations. This explains why, in previous experimental studies, dynamic meandering was only accomplished with a sustained upstream perturbation in flumes that were short relative to the meander wavelength. Our modelling of self-formed meander patterns is evidence that scroll-bar-dominated and chute-cutoff-dominated meanders develop from downstream convecting instabilities. This insight extends to many more fluvial, estuarine and coastal systems in morphological models and experiments, which require sustained dynamic perturbations to form complex patterns and develop natural dynamics. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

Modelling the impact of a time-varying wave angle on the nonlinear evolution of sand bars in the surf zone     

Abdel Nnafie  Niek van Andel  Huib de Swart 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(11):2603-2612

Sandy beaches are often characterized by the presence of sand bars, whose characteristics (growth, migration speed, etc.) strongly depend on offshore wave conditions, such as wave height and angle of wave incidence. This study addresses the impact of a sinusoidally time-varying wave angle of incidence with different time-means on the saturation height, migration speed and longshore spacing of sand bars. Model results show that shore-transverse sand bars (so-called TBR bars) eventually develop under a time-varying wave angle. Depending on the time-mean, amplitude and period of the varying angle of wave incidence, the mean heights and mean migration speeds of the bars can be larger or smaller than their corresponding values in the case of time-invariant angles. Bars might not even form when the wave angle varies around a too large oblique mean value, whereas bars exist in the case of a time-invariant wave angle. The oscillations in both bar height and migration speed are large if the period of the time-varying wave angle is close to the adjustment timescale of the system and if large differences in the local growth and migration rates of the bars occur during one oscillation period. The oscillations in bar height are a combination of harmonics with the principal period and half the period of the time-varying wave angle, whereas those of migration speed contain only the principal period. Bars that are subject to time-varying wave angles have larger longshore crest-to-crest spacings than those which form under fixed wave angles. Physical explanations for these findings are given. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献   

中国城市人口户籍迁移的估算及时空特征——新型城镇化的落户政策导向   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘涛  刘嘉杰  曹广忠 《地理科学》2021,41(4):553-561

基于户籍人口自然与机械增长的分解,估算2011-2017年全国地级及以上城市的户籍迁移人口,对比分析户籍迁移和人口流动的时空特征,评估国家新型城镇化战略中按规模等级引导城市落户政策的影响.结果表明,近年来,中国户籍迁移日趋活跃,人口迁移与流动的空间格局高度耦合;迁入热点区主要集中在沿海三大城市群,迁出地较为分散,以长江...  相似文献   

2004年12月26日印尼Ms 8.9大地震对亚洲地震活动影响估计     

赵明  田山  刁桂苓 《地震地磁观测与研究》2006,27(6):1-7

分析2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊M8.9特大地震引起的区域应力场变动,对邻区其他主要潜在震源应变进程产生的影响,并进一步影响亚洲地震活动的格局。从应力转移机制出发,分析大地震沿印澳-欧亚板块边界、印度洋海岭和相邻小板块边界迁移的可能性。根据美国地质调查局全球台网目录分析了该大地震引起的诱发前震(远余震)图像,推测未来几年亚洲等相邻地区大地震发生概率较高的地区。其中包括喜马拉雅带中段和东端,兴都库什-贝加尔地带及印度洋等地区。这类地区涉及中国西藏仲巴、墨脱,新疆乌什、喀什,以及云南等地。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地西北缘油气成藏演化的包裹体地球化学研究   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

曹剑胡文瑄  姚素平张义杰王绪龙  张越迁唐勇 《地质论评》2006,52(5):700-707

准噶尔盆地西北缘地区是叠合盆地“多源多期”油气成藏的一个典型实例。本文通过对油气运聚过程中的“化石”记录——包裹体进行研究,采用储层游离烃和包裹体烃成分对比分析,有机包裹体光性特征鉴别,流体包裹体均一温度结合地层埋藏-热史,以及有机包裹体红外光谱特征分析,确定了油气来源与成藏期次。再结合烃源岩生排烃史和构造发育史,恢复了复杂的油气成藏演化过程：①中晚二叠世,下二叠统佳木河组烃源油沿断裂和输导层运移至石炭系-二叠系圈闭中聚集;②晚三叠世到早侏罗世,下二叠统风城组烃源油沿断裂、不整合和输导层运移,在二叠系-三叠系的各套储层中聚集;⑧早白垩世至今,佳木河组的天然气,以及中二叠统下乌尔禾组烃源油推动早期的原生油藏向上倾方向运聚。  相似文献