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排序方式: 共有2913条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
用Gumbel极值分布推算气候极值的方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了用Gumbel极值分布理论推算气候极值的矩法、Thomas曲线公式和最小二乘法。并计算多年一遇的年最高气温、年最大均风速、年最大日降雨量和年最大波高。指出,变率小的要素极值再现期短;变率大的要素极值再现期长;Thomas曲线公式的计算结果较其它两种方法接近历史实况,且计算简便。 相似文献
32.
哀牢山-红河断裂带中段应变分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对哀牢山—红河断裂带中段和平—水塘剖面、墨江—元江剖面和其它地段的岩石应变及磁组构进行了分析,表明应变强度的校正磁各向异性度PJ从断裂带向西至三叠系明显降低,变形强度向西迅速减弱。磁化率椭球体主轴展布反映出剪切带内、外变形方式的改变。剪切带内,以水平走滑运动为主;向西则以水平缩短为主。在应变分析中,对断裂带内的S—C组构两组面理夹角、杏仁体和石榴石应变标志体进行了测量,结果显示,剪切带内的磁组构和岩石组构间关系较差。此外,还对这两条剖面中的三叠系进行了应变和磁组构分析,找出了它们与磁化率椭球体对应轴率间的相关性。 相似文献
33.
34.
以1999-2004年间中国西部地区近650个GPS站点的观测资料为基础,采用二维“高张力样条”函数内插算法获得了连续地壳形变场。结果表明,相对于稳定欧亚参考框架,中国西部现今地壳运动西强东弱,北向运动从西向东逐渐减弱,东向运动逐渐增强,青藏高原东缘及附近地区是东向运动的消减区带;主应变从西向东由压缩应变转变为拉伸应变;最大剪应变主要位于喜马拉雅地块及其东部地区;中国西部地区地震活动在空间分布上似乎集中发生在印度板块北东向挤压欧亚板块的两条共扼带内,与地壳形变场有一定对应关系,地壳形变的高应变率区为中强地震多发地带。 相似文献
35.
水泥粉煤灰加固有机质土的试验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对于高有机质含量的泻湖相软土,单纯采用水泥不能有效提高该软土的力学性能,因此提出了采用水泥和粉煤灰作为固化剂的加固方法。通过不同水泥掺入量、粉煤灰掺入量和龄期下水泥土的无侧限抗压强度试验,分析了水泥粉煤灰固化土的强度规律和变形规律,探讨了水泥和粉煤灰加固高有机质含量软土的机理。结果表明,粉煤灰对于水泥试块的早期强度影响较小,对后期强度影响较大;粉煤灰最佳掺入量为12%,超过此掺入量水泥土强度反而会降低,粉煤灰水泥土的破坏应变、E50也在粉煤灰掺量为12%时分别达到最低值和最大值。水泥掺加粉煤灰可有效地提高高有机质含量软土的强度。 相似文献
36.
Mauro Cacace Ulf Bayer Anna Maria Marotta 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(5):899-913
The large-scale crustal deformations observed in the Central European Basin System (CEBS) are the result of the interplay
between several controlling factors, among which lateral rheological heterogeneities play a key role. We present a finite-element
integral thin sheet model of stress and strain distribution within the CEBS. Unlike many previous models, this study is based
on thermo-mechanical data to quantify the impact of lateral contrasts on the tectonic deformation. Elasto-plastic material
behaviour is used for both the mantle and the crust, and the effects of the sedimentary fill are also investigated. The consistency
of model results is ensured through comparisons with observed data. The results resemble the present-day dynamics and kinematics
when: (1) a weak granite-like lower crust below the Elbe Fault System is modelled in contrast to a stronger lower crust in
the area extending north of the Elbe Line throughout the Baltic region; and (2) a transition domain in the upper mantle is
considered between the shallow mantle of the Variscan domain and the deep mantle beneath the East European Craton (EEC), extending
from the Elbe Line in the south till the Tornquist Zone. The strain localizations observed along these structural contrasts
strongly enhance the dominant role played by large structural domains in stiffening the propagation of tectonic deformation
and in controlling the basin formation and the evolution in the CEBS. 相似文献
37.
分布式光纤传感技术在滑坡监测中的应用 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
将分布式光纤传感技术引入滑坡监测,既可得到整个滑坡体的概要特征,又能提高监测效率。FBG与BOTDR是两种最具代表性的分布式光纤传感技术,FBG通过测量其反射光波长的变化获得应变或温度值。BOTDR通过测定后向布里渊散射光的频移实现分布式温度、应变测量。FBG传感器灵敏度高,但只能实现离散点的准分布式测量,BOTDR可实现分布式、长距离、不间断测量,但其空间分辨率不高。笔者提出FBG与BOTDR联合监测滑坡的方案。在巫山残联滑坡,在整个滑坡体上铺设监测光纤,利用BOTDR获得整个滑坡体的概要信息;在滑坡体变形的关键部位———变形缝安装FBG传感器,获得某些关键部位的应变信息,从而实现由点到线再到面的监测,获得滑坡体较完整的应变信息。 相似文献
38.
S. Mazzoli 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(4):781-793
Analysis of strain in Jurassic argillites forming part of the folded and thrusted sedimentary succession of the Lagonegro basin (southern Italian Apennines) has been carried out using ellipsoid-shaped reduction spots as strain markers. Most of the determined finite strain ellipsoids are of oblate type and show a peculiar distribution of the maximum extension direction (X), with maxima either subparallel or subperpendicular to the local fold axes. Using the strain matrix method, two different deformation histories have been considered to assist the interpretation of the observed finite strain pattern. A first deformation history involved vertical compaction followed by horizontal shortening (occurring by a combination of true tectonic strain and volume loss), whereby all strain is coaxial and there is no change in the intermediate axis of the strain ellipsoid. By this type of deformation sequence, which produces a deformation path where total strain moves from the oblate to the prolate strain field and back to the oblate field, prolate strain ellipsoids can be generated and may be recorded where tectonic deformation has not been large enough to reverse pretectonic compaction. This type of deformation history may be of local importance within the study area (i.e. it may characterize some fold hinge regions) and, more generally, is probably of limited occurrence in deformed pelitic rocks. A second deformation sequence considered the superposition of pre-tectonic compaction and tectonic strain consisting of initial layer-parallel shortening followed by layer-parallel shear (related to flexural folding). Also in this instance, volume change during tectonic deformation and tectonic plane strain have been assumed. For geologically reasonable amounts of volume loss due to compaction and of initial layer-parallel shortening, this type of deformation history is capable of producing a deformation path entirely lying within the oblate strain field, but still characterized by a changeover, during deformation, of the maximum extension axis (X) from a position parallel to the fold axis to one perpendicular to it. This type of deformation sequence may explain the main strain features observed in the study area, where most of the measured finite strain ellipsoids, determined from the limb regions of flexural folds, display an oblate shape, irrespective of the orientation of their maximum extension direction (X) with respect to the local structural trends. More generally, this type of deformation history provides a mechanism to account for the predominance of oblate strains in deformed pelitic rocks. 相似文献
39.
Uniaxial compression and tension tests of anthracite and loading rate dependence of peak strength 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The mechanical characteristics of coal under uniaxial compressive stress and uniaxial tensile stress are key factors in investigations of the stability of galleries and coal faces, and are vital considerations for the efficient design of coalmines, disaster prevention, and environmental preservation. These mechanical characteristics have long been a topic of research, but remain insufficiently understood. In this study we performed uniaxial compression tests and uniaxial tension tests on coal, with particular attention to two concerns. The first was to measure the loading rate dependence of the peak strength of coal. Coal shows high sample-to-sample scatter in strength; test methods that are successful in comparatively homogeneous rock types cannot be used for coal. We therefore used an alternative test method that was recently developed by the authors. Anthracite samples were subjected to alternating slow and fast strain rates. Measured variations in stress during this process were used to estimate the loading rate dependence of peak strength. The second objective was to obtain complete stress–strain curves for coal under uniaxial tensile stress. It is difficult to hold samples secure during a tensile test; consequently, such curves have yet to be obtained. This study presents a successful application of the authors' method to the analysis of coal samples, yielding a complete stress–strain curve under tensile stress. The two methods presented here hold promise for application not only to anthracite but also to a wide variety of coals. It is possible to derive the values of the constants used in constitutive equations from the obtained experimental results. Once these equations are determined, they can be incorporated into finite-element software to investigate various time-dependent behaviors of coal and aid in the efficient design of coalmines and the prevention of subsidence and mine disasters. 相似文献
40.
M. Hamami 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1271-1292
The work presented in this paper comes as part of a research program dealing with the thermomechanical behaviour of rock salt.
It aims to study laboratory and in-situ long-term behaviour by means of creep tests with deviator and temperature changes. The laboratory results, using a triaxial
multi-stages creep tests, highlighted the strain hardening character of rock salt. Furthermore, the in-situ results, using a borehole dilatometer multi-step creep test, have shown that the drilling is carried out in a weakly stressed
pillar. The interpretation of the laboratory results, using the J.LEMAITRE law, did not indicate full agreement with all the
test results. As a result a ‘double’ J.LEMAITRE model, which takes into account a double strain hardening variable, has been
put forward. The validation of this model on the laboratory creep tests is very satisfactory. Furthermore, the activation
energy seems satisfactory to represent the influence of the temperature. The in-situ behaviour modelling is clearly more complex than the modelization based on laboratory tests. In fact, it seems that if the
rock salt behaviour is maintained by J.LEMAITRE law, it is necessary to vary with the stress, at least, one of the parameters
assumed constant in the basic law. 相似文献