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物联网时代和环保信息化的梯次推进 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
物联网包含了两个最关键的元素,即RFID和传感器。通过RFID技术实现所有对象的标识,其目的是为了识别;通过传感器实现对象状态的即时了解,其目的是为了感知。从概念上来说,物联网要比传感网大一些,它是继互联网之后的又一次技术革命浪潮,其时代的到来是不可避免的。环境在线监控或者说环保信息化是重要的领域物联网,把握物联网的发展趋势,目的是为了更好地坚持10年来坚持不懈的方向,凝聚行业共识,去除环境在线监控或环保信息化的错误观点,找寻政府和民间的各种动力,更好地推进环保领域物联网的建设,从而借助技术手段实现中国污染的有效控制和环境的有效保护。 相似文献
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近年来,我国各地政府相继试点了一批"智慧社区",并在试点范围内开展了一系列"智慧社区系统"建设工作,但受建设成本、消费需求、技术规范、物联网设备种类的限制,使得各区域在"智慧社区"系统应用集成方面取得的进展不一致。如何保证各应用系统具有良好的可扩展性,如何使得RFID信息集成模式更加深入应用到智慧社区管理当中去,如何使RFID、GPS、RS、GIS、WCS更好的集成,以实现巡更管理及人员定位,这都是当前基于RFID的三维GIS智慧小区应用平台建设研发与探索的核心所在。基于此,本文从系统构架、应用实践效果等方面设计了三维GIS智慧小区应用平台,并重点阐述了系统的开放性与数据更新一致性。 相似文献
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针对未来医疗信息系统中采用轻量级射频识别（RFID）技术的安全与隐私保护问题,构建了医疗信息系统的通用流程模型,并由此提出了既有安全协议的改进方案.新方案利用业务流程中前导关联信息缩减搜索空间.安全分析表明,新方案能够有效平衡不可追踪性与伸缩性矛盾需求,抗击各类攻击,支持RFID标签复用,且与既有EPC C1G2标准兼容. 相似文献
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智能交通系统应用的迅猛发展需要高质量的交通数据,而交通数据采集技术采集到的原始数据会不可避免地混入异常数据,降低数据的有效性,从而可能引起系统应用性能的降低.本文针对基于无线射频技术（RFID）的交通数据,设计了一套交通数据评价指标,并根据交通数据评价指标的特点,综合评价权重向量计算方法的适用条件及优缺点,建立了基于IOWA（Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging）算子的交通数据综合评价方法.基于实际数据的分析结果表明,该方法可以对RFID交通数据进行有效性评价. 相似文献
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在分析无线射频识别(RFID)原理和广义回归神经网络(GRNN)模型的基础上,探讨了基于RFID的人流量统计方法,并重点研究了景区人流量短时预测方法,最后从实际应用出发建立了可对景区人流量进行实时预测的GIS决策系统。 相似文献
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Radio-frequency identification (RFID) transponders are now widely used to track sediment in a variety of environments. A recent innovation placed the transponder inside of a rotating inner mechanism that is designed to minimize missed detections due to burial and shielding or ‘signal collision’ effects between tracers, while also allowing a rapid measurement of the burial depth of the particle. Here we test a developed protocol for burial depth measurement and deploy the ‘Wobblestone’ tracers in the field for the first time. Results show that new tracers can be reliably positioned in the horizontal plane (median error ± 0.03 m) and that the burial depth can be accurately measured (~0.02 m maximum error). The field study was characterized by high mobility and travel lengths, and ~20% of the tracers were buried at depths up to 0.15 m. A comparison of exponential distributions for travel length of surface deposited and buried tracers indicate that the buried tracers on average traveled farther and earlier in the flood event. Tracers that did not move were also buried at one site as a result of sediment transport from upstream. Overall the technique has great potential for characterizing vertical mixing and understanding this rarely considered control on sediment transport. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Severin Stähly Mário J. Franca Christopher T. Robinson Anton J. Schleiss 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(13):3354-3367
River reaches downstream of dams with constant residual discharge often lack sediment supply and periodic high flows due to dam sediment retention and flow regulation, respectively. To test a novel multi-deposit methodology for defining environmental flows for activating the dynamics of the river morphology downstream of dams, a flood was released from Rossens Dam in Switzerland. This event was combined for the first time with a multi-deposit configuration of sediment replenishment consisting of four artificial deposits allocated as alternate bars along the riverbanks as a restoration measure. To validate the sediment transport behaviour observed in laboratory tests, stones were equipped with radiofrequency identification (RFID) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, a fixed antenna was installed at the river bed and a mobile antenna was used to enable the investigation of the erosion, transport and deposition of replenished sediments. The duration of the erosion period was determined for the tracked stones, and average transport velocities were found to be on the order of 10–3 m/s. To estimate the erosion efficiency of the flood, defined as the eroded tagged stones compared with the released water volume, the hydrograph was divided into different periods: rising limb, constant peak discharge, decreasing limb. During the rising limb of the flood, which lasted for 20% of the total flood duration, more than 40% of the PIT tags were transported. The defined erosion efficiency is a measure to support the hydrographic design of artificial flood releases from dams. The deposition of tagged stones resulted in a repeating cluster formation, as expected from previous laboratory experiments, creating an increase in hydraulic habitat diversity. Comparison of the results obtained in the field and from laboratory experiments confirmed the robustness of the multi-deposit sediment replenishment method. Combined with the knowledge gained on the erosion efficiency, these results could motivate further applications and research into multi-deposit sediment replenishment techniques as a habitat-oriented river restoration measure. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Effects of transport and insertion of radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders on resistance and shape of natural and synthetic pebbles: applications for riverine and coastal bedload tracking 
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下载免费PDF全文 RFID transponders, especially low‐frequency Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT tags), are now commonly used for assessing bedload mobility in gravel‐bed rivers. Early studies reported high PIT tag recovery rates in small streams, but recovery rates in larger systems remain low. Explanatory factors for low recovery rates have been identified, but only antenna detection ranges and clustering effects have been precisely characterized. Burial below detection limit and dispersion beyond the study site have been indirectly estimated, and PIT tag destruction is assumed to be negligible. In this study, we quantified the resistance of natural limestone pebbles equipped with PIT tags as related to tag insertion methods and distance travelled in an annular flume. We then compared the performance of these natural pebbles with synthetic pebbles made of polyurethane resin and corundum. Creation of synthetic pebbles makes it possible to test bigger transponders with a greater detection range and no clustering effects, bypassing the existing constraints of RFID tracking. We found that breakage of limestone particles leading to PIT tag destruction is far too rare to explain low recovery rates in situ. Further, breakage is more affected by initial pebble characteristics than by PIT tag insertion method. Synthetic pebbles are more sensitive to attrition, but less likely to break. Natural and synthetic pebbles show slight differences in mobility patterns, transport distances, and abrasion resistances. One of the two synthetic pebbles travelled faster than the other three indicating that mobility is not only related to density but also potentially to shape. To address clustering and detection range issues, we equipped synthetic pebbles with AIT‐tags (Active Integrated Transponders). These were tested for integrity and transponder endurance and show great promise for future applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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详细阐述了城市车辆导航定位技术的发展现状,深入分析了城市车辆导航定位的特点和需求,在此基础上利用嵌入式开发平台设计实现了基于GPS和RFID(无线射频识别)的车载定位系统,系统主要由GPS模块、RFID模块、GPRS(general packet radio service,通用分组无线服务)模块等部分组成。该系统通过接收GPS数据和RFID数据,依托ARM平台进行分析处理,分析处理的结果通过GPRS模块发送到监控中心以实现对车辆的监控与导航。该系统具有实时性好、可靠性高、功耗体积小等显著特点,能够满足现代城市车辆的导航与定位需要。 相似文献