Age models and tephrostratigraphy from two lakes on Adak Island,Alaska     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2013

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Contemporary 14C radiocarbon levels of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) isolated in sponge-cyanobacteria associations     

Guitart C  Slattery M  Ankisetty S  Radwan M  Ross SJ  Letcher RJ  Reddy CM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(3):631-636

Considerable debate surrounds the sources of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) in wildlife as to whether they are naturally produced or result from anthropogenic industrial activities. Natural radiocarbon (¹⁴C) abundance has proven to be a powerful tool to address this problem as recently biosynthesized compounds contain contemporary (i.e. modern) amounts of atmospheric radiocarbon; whereas industrial chemicals, mostly produced from fossil fuels, contain no detectable ¹⁴C. However, few compounds isolated from organisms have been analyzed for their radiocarbon content. To provide a baseline, we analyzed the ¹⁴C content of four O-PBDEs. These compounds, 6-OH-BDE47, 2′-OH-BDE68, 2′,6-diOH-BDE159, and a recently identified compound, 2′-MeO-6-OH-BDE120, were isolated from the tropical marine sponges Dysidea granulosa and Lendenfeldia dendyi. The modern radiocarbon content of their chemical structures (i.e. diphenyl ethers, C₁₂H₂₂O) indicates that they are naturally produced. This adds to a growing baseline on, at least, the sources of these unusual compounds.  相似文献   

Associated terrestrial and marine fossils in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation, southern Maine, USA, and the marine reservoir effect on radiocarbon ages   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Woodrow B. Thompson  Carol B. Griggs  Norton G. Miller  Robert E. Nelson  Thomas K. Weddle  Taylor M. Kilian   《Quaternary Research》2011,75(3):552-565

Excavations in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation at Portland, Maine, uncovered tree remains and other terrestrial organics associated with marine invertebrate shells in a landslide deposit. Buds of Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar) occurred with twigs of Picea glauca (white spruce) in the Presumpscot clay. Tree rings in Picea logs indicate that the trees all died during winter dormancy in the same year. Ring widths show patterns of variation indicating responses to environmental changes. Fossil mosses and insects represent a variety of species and wet to dry microsites. The late-glacial environment at the site was similar to that of today's Maine coast. Radiocarbon ages of 14 tree samples are 11,907 ± 31 to 11,650 ± 50 ¹⁴C yr BP. Wiggle matching of dated tree-ring segments to radiocarbon calibration data sets dates the landslide occurrence at ca. 13,520 + 95/−20 cal yr BP. Ages of shells juxtaposed with the logs are 12,850 ± 65 ¹⁴C yr BP (Mytilus edulis) and 12,800 ± 55 ¹⁴C yr BP (Balanus sp.), indicating a marine reservoir age of about 1000 yr. Using this value to correct previously published radiocarbon ages reduces the discrepancy between the Maine deglaciation chronology and the varve-based chronology elsewhere in New England.  相似文献   

山西五台山-恒山地区晚太古-早元古代若干关键地质问题的再认识:单颗粒锆石离子探针质谱年龄提出的地质制约   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32       下载免费PDF全文

王凯怡  郝杰  Simon Wilde  Peter Cawood 《地质科学》2000,35(2):175-184

大量准确度很高的单颗粒锆石迅谱(SHRIMP)年代学数据表明,五台山-恒山绿岩带形成于2500Ma之前,五台山-恒山绿岩带形成后即与较老的阜平块体拼合。因此,该过程中有大量火山,深成活动及变质作用,是一次重要的造山运动。在1800Ma之前,本区还经历了一次明显的构造热事件,主要表现为在地壳较深水平上大规模的冲断作用,使原来为不同地壳水平的块体处于同一地壳水平。本文还对原五台群下部层位板峪口组和金岗库组的归属及铁堡不整合面提出了新的看法。  相似文献   

Using cryptotephras to extend regional tephrochronologies: An example from southeast Alaska and implications for hazard assessment     

Richard Payne  Jeffrey Blackford 《Quaternary Research》2008,69(1):42-55

Cryptotephrochronology, the use of hidden, diminutive volcanic ash layers to date sediments, has rarely been applied outside western Europe but has the potential to improve the tephrochronology of other regions of the world. Here we present the first comprehensive cryptotephra study in Alaska. Cores were extracted from five peatland sites, with cryptotephras located by ashing and microscopy and their glass geochemistry examined using electron probe microanalysis. Glass geochemical data from nine tephras were compared between sites and with data from previous Alaskan tephra studies. One tephra present in all the cores is believed to represent a previously unidentified eruption of Mt. Churchill and is named here as the ‘Lena tephra’. A mid-Holocene tephra in one site is very similar to Aniakchak tephra and most likely represents a previously unidentified Aniakchak eruption, ca. 5300-5030 cal yr BP. Other tephras are from the late Holocene White River eruption, a mid-Holocene Mt. Churchill eruption, and possibly eruptions of Redoubt and Augustine volcanoes. These results show the potential of cryptotephras to expand the geographic limits of tephrochronology and demonstrate that Mt. Churchill has been more active in the Holocene than previously appreciated. This finding may necessitate reassessment of volcanic hazards in the region.  相似文献   

基于杭州偏晚终雪记录的南宋（1131-1270年）气候再推断     

刘浩龙  戴君虎  闫军辉  何凡能  葛全胜  牟重行 《地理学报》2017,72(3):382-396

本文整理、考订了南宋时期杭州偏晚终雪记录,诊断了此类资料的气候指示意义,进行了各年代不同数量终雪日期值至对应年代平均终雪日期值的转换,进而分析了重建序列所指示的温度变化特征与其他文献证据、气候变化重建结果之间的一致性。结果表明：① 史料记述的杭州偏晚终雪现象系以惊蛰以后为标准,且不包括霰和冰粒类微量降雪类型,其有着明确的气候指示意义（-0.34 oC/10d,R² = 0.37,P<0.001）,可有效用于温度重建。② 基于非线性的波尔兹曼函数,以不同样本量偏晚终雪日期值可有效估算10年平均终雪日期,其外推结果较之线性函数和二项式函数具有更小的不确定性。③ 南宋时期杭州春季的平均温暖程度大致相当于1951-1980年,该时期在百年尺度上可划分为1131-1170年的寒冷期和1171-1270年的温暖期。其中,后一阶段有1181-1200年和1221-1240年两个亚冷期。④ 南宋时期杭州10年平均终雪日期的变化与中国其他地区温度变化的代用证据和重建结果具有较好的一致性,并与太平洋十年涛动的冷暖位相变化比较吻合,这可能说明了中世纪暖期太平洋十年涛动对中国大部分地区气候所具有的共同影响。本文为更深入认识12-13世纪中国东部季风区的气候变化特征提供了新的证据。  相似文献   

High energy coastal sedimentary deposits; an evaluation of depositional processes in Southwest England     

I. D. L. Foster  A. J. Albon  K. M. Bardell  J. L. Fletcher  T. C. Jardine  R. J. Mothers  M. A. Pritchard  S. E. Turner 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1991,16(4):341-356

Sediments left by coastal flooding have been observed worldwide and have been variously ascribed to the action of storm surges and tsunami waves. To date, no study has attempted to unequivocally establish on stratigraphical, sedimentological, and palaeoecological grounds the means by which these two different processes might be distinguished in coastal sedimentary sequences. This paper examines the evidence for historical storm surges and tsunamis and shows that both high magnitude events have been documented over the past 250 years in southwest England. Sand layers of varying thickness are present within Holocene lagoonal and peat sequences of several shallow lakes of the Scilly Isles. Detailed analysis of Big Pool, St Agnes, indicates that the basal peats date from around 1000 BP. Within the basal peats are numerous thin sand layers. Above the basal peat is an extensive sand layer 15 to 40 cm thick. The base of this latter layer probably dates from the early to mid 18th century. Particle size, grain surface morphology, diatom, and mineral magnetic studies are used to try and determine the most likely mode of deposition. The results of all analyses are inconclusive, but the weight of evidence suggests that the increasing frequency of thin sand layers in the upper part of the basal peat may be related to the increasing frequency and intensity of Atlantic storms during the Little Ice Age superimposed upon a rising sea level. The thick sand layer may have been deposited by the tsunami wave generated by the Lisbon earthquake of November 1,1755. Due to the difficulties in distinguishing depositional processes in coastal environments known to have been affected by storm surges and tsunami waves, it is suggested that generally accepted sedimentological techniques are inadequate for discriminating depositional processes in coastal environments.  相似文献   

ONSET AND RETREAT DATES OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE MONSOON INTENSITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE WARMING     

李栋梁  蒋元春  张莉萍  王慧  李潇 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2016,22(3):362-373

Global gridded daily mean data from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis(1948-2012) are used to obtain the onset date,retreat date and duration time series of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) for the past 65 years.The summer monsoon onset(retreat) date is defined as the time when the mean zonal wind at 850 hPa shifts steadily from easterly(westerly) to westerly(easterly) and the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature at the same level remains steady at greater than 335 K(less than 335 K) in the South China Sea area[110-120°E(10-20°N)].The clockwise vortex of the equatorial Indian Ocean region,together with the cross-equatorial flow and the subtropical high,plays a decisive role in the burst of the SCSSM.The onset date of the SCSSM is closely related to its intensity.With late(early) onset of the summer monsoon,its intensity is relatively strong(weak),and the zonal wind undergoes an early(late) abrupt change in the upper troposphere.Climate warming significantly affects the onset and retreat dates of the SCSSM and its intensity.With climate warming,the number of early-onset(-retreat) years of the SCSSM is clearly greater(less),and the SCSSM is clearly weakened.  相似文献   

Incorporation of aged dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by oceanic particulate organic carbon (POC): An experimental approach using natural carbon isotopes   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Jeomshik Hwang  Ellen R.M. Druffel  James E. Bauer 《Marine Chemistry》2006,98(2-4):315-322

Incorporation of ¹⁴C-depleted (old) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on/into particulate organic carbon (POC) has been suggested as a possible mechanism to explain the low Δ¹⁴C-POC values observed in the deep ocean [Druffel, E.R.M., Williams, P.M., 1990. Identification of a deep marine source of particulate organic carbon using bomb ¹⁴C. Nature, 347, 172–174.]. A shipboard incubation experiment was performed in the Sargasso Sea to test this hypothesis. Finely ground dried plankton was incubated in seawater samples from the deep Sargasso Sea, both with and without a biological poison (HgCl₂). Changes in parameters such as biochemical composition and carbon isotopic signatures of bulk POC and its organic compound classes were examined to study the roles of sorptive processes and biotic activity on POC character. Following a 13-day incubation, the relative abundance of the acid-insoluble organic fraction increased. Abundances of extractable lipids and total hydrolyzable amino acids decreased for both treatments, but by a greater extent in the non-poisoned treatment. The Δ¹⁴C values of POC recovered from the non-poisoned treatment were significantly lower than the value of the unaltered plankton material used for the incubation, indicating incorporation of ¹⁴C-depleted carbon, most likely DOC. The old carbon was present only in the lipid and acid-insoluble fractions. These results are consistent with previous findings of old carbon dominating the same organic fractions of sinking POC from the deep Northeast Pacific [Hwang, J., Druffel, E.R.M., 2003. Lipid-like material as the source of the uncharacterized organic carbon in the ocean? Science, 299, 881–884.]. However, the Δ¹⁴C values of POC recovered from the poisoned treatment did not change as much as those from the non-poisoned treatment suggesting that biological processes were involved in the incorporation of DOC on/into POC.  相似文献   

New insights into a late-Pleistocene human occupation in America: The Vale da Pedra Furada complete chronological study     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

Within the framework of the studies focusing on the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas, our French-Brazilian team has undertaken a pluridisciplinary research on different archaeological sites, inside and in the neighborhood of the Serra da Capivara National Park, in Brazilian Nordeste. The present study regards an archaeological site, Vale da Pedra Furada, situated in the Piauí state in Brazil. The results of technological and functional studies suggest the existence of different successive human occupations during the Pleistocene in this region. Moreover, the geological and geomorphological studies shed new light on our understanding of sedimentary processes and confirm that the levels were not subject to any significant post-depositional processes. This is also confirmed by macro- and micro-analysis of quartz artefact surfaces. The chronological study has recently been completed employing both radiocarbon and luminescence techniques; radiocarbon dates were obtained on charcoal, multi-grain and single-grain OSL ages on sedimentary quartz grains. The results obtained with the different methods are consistent with each other: the most recent archaeological level is dated to around 8 ka and the oldest to 24 ka, indicating the open-air site of Vale da Pedra Furada to be a succession of human occupations beginning from OIS 2. These results are discussed in the context of some archaeological sites studied in the Serra da Capivara National Park of the last few decades.  相似文献