Separation of P. and SV-wavefields from multi-componen seismic data     

《应用地球物理》2006,3(3):163-168

In multi-component seismic exploration, the horizontal and vertical components both contain P- and SV-waves. The P- and SV-wavefields in a seismic record can be separated by their horizontal and vertical displacements when upgoing P- and SV-waves arrive at the sea floor. If the sea floor P wave velocity, S wave velocity, and density are known, the separation can be achieved in ther-p domain. The separated wavefields are then transformed to the time domain. A method of separating P- and SV-wavefields is presented in this paper and used to effectively separate P- and SV-wavefields in synthetic and real data. The application to real data shows that this method is feasible and effective. It also can be used for free surface data.  相似文献   

华南泥盆纪层序地层系、统、阶界线的建立与生物地层、年代地层界线的对比          下载免费PDF全文

吴诒 《沉积与特提斯地质》1997,17(4):29-39,28

安徽宿松，繁昌，江西彭泽间长江两岸的武穴组织透镜体展布，组成岩石类型（１）藻屑灰岩；（２）海绵灰岩；（３）棘屑灰岩；（４）核形石白云岩；（５）白云岩，从四条剖面的研究曲线由下向上明显地区分出三个粒屑含量与基质含量百分比连续变化序列，这种序列称基本单元，一般的变化规律为由下向上，由粗变细的正向序列，但是其中也有由细→粗→细的反向序列，这种反向序列反映出较快的沉积过程，往往起着障壁作用，几乎全由棘屑灰  相似文献   

Prism- and basal-plane parallel subgrain boundaries in quartz: a microstructural geothermobarometer   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

J. H. KRUHL 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1996,14(5):581-589

Empirical data on quartz subgrain patterns from various metamorphic rocks show that, at least up to 10  kbar in the stability field of low-quartz, prismatic subgrain boundaries are dominant whereas basal subgrain boundaries are not developed. In the high-quartz stability field, both prismatic and basal subgrain boundaries occur and form typical rectangular ('chessboard') patterns. The likely reason behind the different occurrence of these subgrain patterns is that in high-quartz prismatic glide becomes as easy as, or probably even easier than, basal glide. The two types of subgrain patterns can be clearly distinguished by optical microscopy. Consequently, the occurrence of chessboard subgrain patterns in quartz represents a practicable geothermobarometer. The possibilities of its application are far reaching and include the specification of deformation conditions at high-grade metamorphism, the recognition of syntectonic intrusions and the distinction between pluton emplacement at lower and at higher crustal levels.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of the transient hydrogeological response produced by tunnel construction in fractured bedrocks   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Jorge Molinero  Javier Samper  Rubn Juanes 《Engineering Geology》2002,64(4):369-386

Groundwater inflows into tunnels constructed in fractured bedrocks not only constitute an important factor controlling the rate of advancement in driving the tunnel but may pose potential hazards. Drawdowns caused by tunnel construction may also induce geotechnical and environmental impacts. Here we present a numerical methodology for the dynamic simulation of the hydrogeological transient conditions induced by the tunnel front advance. The methodology is based on the use of a Cauchy boundary condition at the points lying along the tunnel according to which water discharge, Q, is computed as the product of a leakage coefficient, , and the head difference, (H−h), where H is the prescribed head at the tunnel wall and h is the hydraulic head in the fractured rock in the close vicinity of the tunnel. At a given position of the tunnel, is zero until the tunnel reaches such position when it is assigned a positive value. The use of step-wise time functions for allows an efficient and accurate simulation of the transient hydrogeological conditions at and around the tunnel during the excavation process. The methodology has been implemented in TRANMEF-3, a finite element computer code for groundwater flow in 3D fractured media developed at the University of A Coruña, Spain, and has been used to simulate the impact of a tunnel on the groundwater system at the Äspö island (Sweden). This tunnel was constructed to access an underground laboratory for research on radioactive waste disposal. The large amount of available data at this site provides a unique opportunity to test the performance of the numerical model and the proposed methodology for tunnel advance. With just minor calibration, the numerical model is able to reproduce accurately the measurements of inflows into the tunnel at several reaches and hydraulic heads at surface-drilled boreholes. These results obtained at the Äspö site lead us to conclude that accurate predictions of the transient hydrogeological responses induced by tunneling works in fractured bedrocks, can be achieved provided that a sound hydrogeological characterization of large-scale fracture zones is available.  相似文献   

谈谈地质资料档案的标准化著录     

於顺然 《江苏地质》2002,26(2):106-109

在简要论述地质资源档案标准化著录含义的基础上，详细阐述了地质资料档案的著录项目，著录根据，著录用标识符及使用说法，著录条目格式，著录标目法，以及题名目录，责任者目录，主题目录，分类目标的编制。意在引导地质资料档案管理部门，进一步做好地质资料档案著录这一基础性工作。  相似文献   

Detection of layer boundaries in wells using multi-electrode resistivity data     

A. Weller  M. Furche  J. H. Schön 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,153(1):175-186

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The contribution of the built environment to the ‘free-field’ ground motion in Mexico City     

Francisco J. Chvez-García  Martín Crdenas 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(9-12):773-780

Soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects on building dynamic behaviour have been studied extensively. In comparison, the radiation of waves away from the soil–foundation interface has received little attention. Recent studies point out that SSI in an urban environment can modify the ground motion recorded in the free-field. These modifications will be important when two conditions are met: structures founded on soft soils and coincidence between the vibration periods of the structure and those of the superficial layers. Both conditions are met in Mexico City lake zone. In this study, we investigate SSI effects on ‘free-field’ motion. The data we use consist of microtremors recorded on soft soils in Mexico City, a densely built environment. Our objective was to identify the modifications to free-field ground motion caused by neighbouring structures. Data were analysed using H/V spectral ratios. Large variations in the level of amplification and resonant frequency were determined from microtremors in very closely spaced stations. Our results suggest consistently that free-field ground motion is significantly affected by the presence of neighbouring structures.  相似文献   

National sovereignty & transboundary protected areas in Southern Africa     

Marloes van Amerom 《GeoJournal》2002,58(4):265-273

The notion that Transboundary Protected Areas (TBPAs) will act as `Peace Parks' has become an important argument in their promotion in post-Apartheid Southern Africa. This `Peace Parks Concept' is implicitly based upon the assumption that national sovereignty will not become a constraining factor in the creation and management of TBPAs. However, this assumption is problematic. TBPAs introduce various changes in the landscape with consequences for the ways in which a state can exercise its sovereignty over its borderland and citizens. This situation might evoke state action that could endanger the various environmental, socio-economic and political objectives of TBPAs. A state's behaviour with regard to TBPAs is not just informed by its interests in TBPAs, but also by its strategic and other interests in the wider borderland area. These are not necessarily compatible with the environmental and economic objectives of TBPAs. The ways in which these interests are mediated are highly complex and non-linear. Because of the inter-dependency that TBPAs create, the extent to which a state can pursue certain interests by means of TBPAs will be (partially) constrained by the wishes of the other states involved. In addition, power has to be shared with a wide range of non-state actors. The operation of sovereignty in TBPAs is therefore highly unpredictable and cannot be captured in static zero-sum terms. Actor Network Theory is identified as a possible starting-point to unravel and evaluate these complex political processes in TBPAs and their subsequent outcomes for state sovereignty.  相似文献   

中国县级以上行政边界的特征及其变动趋势   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵彪  王开泳  王甫园  刘海猛 《地理研究》2021,40(9):2494-2507

行政边界是行政区划的基本要素之一,是国家依法实施有效行政管理的空间基础和重要依据。本研究采用空间分析、基于格网的多元回归分析等方法,对中国县级以上行政边界的特征及其变动趋势进行了研究。结果表明：当前中国仍基本遵循着山川形便与犬牙相入的政区划界原则,总体呈现出行政级别越高,受山川形便的影响越明显,海拔越低,受犬牙相入的影响越明显的基本特征;现有划界方式容易造成生态分割,引发边界争议,行政管理成本较高等问题,不利于区域经济协调发展;山川河流对全国经济社会发展的影响正在减弱,经济社会发展正在逐渐突破行政边界的限制。在未来行政区划调整的过程中,应适时采取跨山跨河的方式设置行政边界,改变犬牙相入的政区设置方式,更加尊重生态环境的完整性和经济社会发展的实际需求。  相似文献   

干旱区间歇性河流河道两侧地下水运动模型及其求解方法     

阿曼吐尔·哈力克 《地下水》2008,30(5):9-11

由于上中游水资源的过多开发利用,我国西北干旱区有些内陆河下游来水量急剧减少,从以前的常年性河流逐渐转变成现在的间歇性河流,给当地带来了一系列严重的生态环境问题。根据间歇性河流河道充水和停水过程周期性重复出现的水文特征,建立了河道两侧区域地下水运动的一维非稳定流模型,提出了把流量边界条件与水位界条件相互转换来求解模型的一种方法。最后应用上述模型分析西北某内陆河下游间歇性输水条件下河道两侧地区地下水位恢复状况,为输水生态效应的定量评价提供了理论基础。  相似文献