声学方法进行海底沉积物遥测分类:综述   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

潘国富 《海洋技术学报》1997,(1)

本文讨论利用声学遥测方法进行海底沉积物分类的目的、用途及该项技术的发展背景和现状。重点介绍目前主要的用于浅、表层沉积物分类的声学遥测方法，包括选通等幅脉冲、宽频带脉冲、连续线性扫频脉冲等正入射方法和侧扫声呐、多波束测深等斜入射方法。回顾它们的发展历史，评述它们的技术现状，并讨论它们的进一步发展  相似文献   

New discoveries in dynamics of an M8 earthquake-phenomena and their implications from the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake using a long term monitoring cabled observatory   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hitoshi Mikada  Kyohiko Mitsuzawa  Hiroyuki Matsumoto  Tomoki Watanabe  Shigehiko Morita  Riyo Otsuka  Hiroko Sugioka  Toshitaka Baba  Eiichiro Araki  Kiyoshi Suyehiro 《Tectonophysics》2006,426(1-2):95

At the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake of M8, seafloor phenomena such as a generation process of tsunami, seafloor uplifts, turbidity current, etc., were observed using a cabled observatory installed on the seafloor. The turbidity current was observed as a benthic storm caused presumably by the mainshock. The seafloor uplifts were observed at the mainshock and continuously after the mainshock. The uplifts were 0.35, 0.37, and 0.12 m for epicentral distances of 25.5, 31.4, and 81.7 km, respectively. After the mainshock, a continuous uplift of the seafloor is observed at all three pressure gauge locations indicating that there was a change in the state of friction on the plate boundary interface by the mainshock. In this paper, we first show what was observed using the cabled observatory installed right above the focal area of the earthquake, and then we discuss to summarize these phenomena associated with the earthquake, its possible causes, and future directions in long term monitoring of seismogenic processes.  相似文献   

深海海底沉积物声学特性原位测量试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

王景强  李官保  阚光明  刘保华  孟祥梅 《地球物理学报》1954,63(12):4463-4472

由于实验室测试环境条件与深海海底的原位温压环境存在较大的差异,取样测量的沉积物声学参数通常偏离海底原位状态的真实值.该文利用深水型压载式沉积声学原位测量系统,在水深超过5000 m的西太平洋海域开展了沉积物声学原位测量试验,准确获取了深海底原位状态下沉积物的声速和声衰减系数,并同步采集了沉积物柱状样品.结果显示,实验室测量的沉积物声速、声衰减系数均高于原位测量结果.通过温压校正和数据—模型对比表明,实验室声速比与原位声速比存在较大的差异,难以通过温压校正模型和频散模型完全改正,这可能与深海沉积物的结构扰动有关.较之浅海沉积物,软弱的深海沉积物结构更易受到采样过程的扰动,因而深海沉积物的声学特性测量更为困难,这表明在深海海底声学研究采用原位测量技术具有必要性.该研究标志着我国海底声学研究由浅海走向深海,对推动海底声学的深入研究具有重要意义.  相似文献   

Reconstructing seafloor age distributions in lost ocean basins     

Simon Williams  Nicky M.Wright  John Cannon  Nicolas Flament  R.Dietmar Müller 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(2):769-780

Reconstructions of past seafloor age make it possible to quantify how plate tectonic forces,surface heat flow,ocean basin volume and global sea level have varied through geological time.However,past ocean basins that have now been subducted cannot be uniquely reconstructed,and a significant challenge is how to explore a wide range of possible reconstructions.Here,we investigate possible distributions of seafloor ages from the late Paleozoic to present using published full-plate reconstructions and a new,efficient seafloor age reconstruction workflow,all developed using the open-source software GPlates.We test alternative reconstruction models and examine the influence of assumed spreading rates within the Panthalassa Ocean on the reconstructed history of mean seafloor age,oceanic heat flow,and the contribution of ocean basin volume to global sea level.The reconstructions suggest variations in mean seafloor age of~15 Myr during the late Paleozoic,similar to the amplitude of variations previously proposed for the Cretaceous to present.Our reconstructed oceanic age-area distributions are broadly compatible with a scenario in which the long-period fluctuations in global sea level since the late Paleozoic are largely driven by changes in mean seafloor age.Previous suggestions of a constant rate of seafloor production through time can be modelled using our workflow,but require that oceanic plates in the Paleozoic move slower than continents based on current reconstructions of continental motion,which is difficult to reconcile with geodynamic studies.  相似文献   

Advances in the microbial mineralization of seafloor hydrothermal systems     

《China Geology》2019,2(2):227-237

Research on the biomineralization in modern seafloor hydrothermal systems is conducive to unveiling the mysteries of the early Earth’s history, life evolution, subsurface biosphere and microbes in outer space. The hydrothermal biomineralization has become a focus of geo-biological research in the last decade, since the introduction of the microelectronic technology and molecular biology technology. Microorganisms play a critical role in the formations of oxide/hydroxides (e.g. Fe, Mn, S and Si oxide/hydroxides) and silicates on the seafloor hydrothermal systems globally. Furthermore, the biomineralization of modern chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms is regarded as a nexus between the geosphere and the biosphere, and as an essential complement of bioscience and geology. In this paper, we summarize the research progress of hydrothermal biomineralization, including the biogenic minerals, the microbial biodiversity, and also the interactions between minerals and microorganisms. In the foreseeable future, the research on hydrothermal biomineralization will inspire the development of geosciences and biosciences and thus enrich our knowledge of the Earth’s history, life evolution and even astrobiology.© 2019 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Assessment of Impact on Seafloor Features in INDEX Area     

Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250

Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions.  相似文献   

Investigation of the stability of submarine sensitive clay slopes underwave-induced pressure     

De-feng Zheng  Bo Liu  Min Liu  Ping Yin  Yan-dong Huo 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2019,37(1):116-127

The exploration and exploitation of marine georesources ordinarily disturbs the submarine soft clay surrounding construction areas and leads to a significant decrease in the shear strength of structured and sensitive clayey soils in submarine slopes. Under wave action, local slides can even trigger large-scale submarine landslides, which pose a serious threat to offshore infrastructure such as pipelines and footings. Therefore, accurately evaluating the stability of submarine sensitive clay slopes under wave-induced pressure is one of the core issues of marine geotechnical engineering. In this paper, a kinematic approach of limit analysis combined with strength reduction technique is presented to accurately evaluate the real-time stability of submarine sensitive clay slopes based on the log-spiral failure mechanism, where external work rates produced by wave-induced pressure on slopes are obtained by the numerical integration technique and then are applied to the work-energy balance equations. The mathematical optimization method is employed to achieve the safety factors and the critical sliding surfaces of submarine slopes at different time in a wave cycle. On this basis, the stability of submarine sensitive clay slopes under various wave parameters is systematically investigated. In particular, extreme wave conditions and special cases of slope lengths no more than one wavelength are also discussed. The results indicate that waves have some negative effects on the stability of submarine sensitive clay slopes.  相似文献   

国际海底观测网络的发展及现状          下载免费PDF全文

李德威  丁忠军  景春雷  史先鹏  杨雷  李宝钢 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(11):13-18

海底观测网络是推动海洋科学技术发展,了解地球环境系统的重要基础,也是帮助人类了解海洋从而促进全球经济发展的重要方法。文章回顾了各国在海底观测系统发展过程中的研究计划和建设情况;介绍了当前各国海底观测网络及其投入业务应用后,在多学科综合观测、多网络交互融合、数据交换利用以及海洋科学应用等方面的发展方向,对我国海底观测探测网络建设,深海新型传感器发展,海底观测网标准化体系完善等方向进行了分析展望。  相似文献   

Enhanced seamount location database for the western and central Pacific Ocean: Screening and cross-checking of 20 existing datasets     

Valrie Allain  Julie-Anne Kerandel  Serge Andrfouët  Franck Magron  Malcolm Clark  David S. Kirby  Frank E. Muller-Karger 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2008,55(8):1035-1047

Seamounts are habitats of considerable interest in terms of conservation and biodiversity, and in terms of fisheries for bentho-pelagic and pelagic species. Twenty previously compiled datasets including seamount/underwater feature lists, bathymetric maps and emerged feature maps from different sources (ship-derived and satellite altimetry-derived) at different spatial scales (from individual cruise to worldwide satellite data) were gathered in order to compile an enhanced list of underwater features for parts of the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). The KL04 dataset [Kitchingman, A., and Lai, S., 2004. Inferences on potential seamount locations from mid-resolution bathymetric data. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 12 (5), 7–12], listing seamount positions and depths as calculated from satellite altimetry-derived bathymetry, provided the baseline data for this study as it covered the entire region of interest and included summit depth information. All KL04 potential seamounts were cross-checked with other datasets to remove any atolls and islands that had been incorrectly classified as seamounts, to add seamounts undetected by KL04, to update the overall database (geolocation, depth, elevation, and name) and to compile a 12-class typology of the different types of underwater features. Of the 4626 potential seamounts identified in KL04, 719 were multiple identifications of the same large underwater features and 373 (10%) were actually emerged banks, atolls and islands, leaving 3534 actual underwater features. Conversely, 487 underwater features were documented in other datasets but not registered by KL04. The screening of all the potential WCPO seamounts produced a final list of 4021 underwater features with agreed upon position and information. This enhanced list should have many applications in oceanography, biodiversity conservation and studies of the influence of seamounts on pelagic ecosystems and fisheries.  相似文献   

台湾东北部龟山岛附近海域自然硫烟囱体的铅同位素组成及地质意义     

刘长华  汪小妹  曾志刚  姜学均  殷学博  陈镇东 《海洋与湖沼》2009,40(4):393-399

为了探讨龟山岛附近热液自然硫烟囱体的物质来源,通过测定烟囱体内铅同位素的组成特征,分析了该地区热液活动的铅元素物源.研究结果表明,龟山岛附近热液自然硫烟囱体中的铅同位素组成具有很小的变化范围和较均一的铅同位素组成特征,但是与其它深海热液沉积物的铅源不同,与北半球铅同位素的参考线(NHRL)相距甚远.虽然自然硫烟囱体出现在海水环境,但是海水对其不存在铅的贡献,烟囱体内的元素铅主要是陆壳来源.根据以上结果可以进一步推断,龟山岛热液活动区的下伏地层中,存在一定分布范围的陆壳,这对于研究该地区复杂的地质构造特征具有一定意义.  相似文献