波浪作用下沉积物中氮、磷释放速率的试验研究     

张严严  房文艳  许国辉  任宇鹏  许兴北 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,50(4):102-110

湖泊或海湾中的沉积物吸附氮(N)、磷(P)等元素所形成的沉积层成为水体富营养化的內源。在波浪作用下,尤其是强浪作用下,沉积物中的N、P会通过内源释放作用大量进入水体中。本文在自制的U型水槽中开展实验,采用不同水头差来模拟波浪的循环荷载作用,研究了沉积层中的N、P在静置固结状态(Ⅰ)、加波未液化状态(Ⅱ)、加波液化状态(Ⅲ)下的释放规律,并给出该试验条件下的沉积物释放速率的拟合方程。试验结果表明:沉积物中总氮(TN)和溶解性总氮(TDN)的释放速率会随着水动力作用的增强而增加;总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(TDP)和活性磷酸盐(SRP)的释放速率也随着水动力作用增强而增加,但水体中悬浮物(SS)含量过高会限制其释放速率。  相似文献   

常德-张家界高速公路某大桥桥基砂土液化评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王峻  王兰民 《工程地质学报》2006,14(3):327-332

结合常德张家界高速公路某大桥桥基工程,在DSD160型电磁式振动三轴试验仪上,通过往返加荷三轴试验,对饱和砂土进行了液化试验研究,探讨了基于动三轴液化试验结果判断饱和砂土液化的方法。并尝试了这种室内研究反应分析的液化可能性估计方法与地震剪应力时程相结合的综合判断方法。在该高速公路大桥桥基的饱和砂土液化评价中,采用这种综合判断方法,对大桥桥基砂土液化进行了判断。在判断场地是否液化后,对其液化危害程度进行了等级划分,给出了该工程场地在未来遭受到不同超越概率下的地震作用时发生液化的危害程度,得到了一些有工程实用意义的结果。  相似文献   

地震标准中术语存在的问题及分析     

刘红俊  冯义钧  和锐 《中国地震》2021,37(1):148-155

以1999-2019年底正式颁布的地震标准中的术语为研究对象,采用标准化工作原理和统计分析方法,通过搜集整理、分类统计、逐条分析,提出了地震标准中术语存在的问题,分析了其产生的原因;按照对比分析的方法,给出了具体示例及分析结果,并对地震标准化术语工作及术语编写提出了一些建议.  相似文献   

基于剪切波速的深层砂土地震液化研究     

王薇  李恒  徐利军 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(1):93-97

阐述了剪切波速法判别饱和砂土液化的原理,结合武汉地区某工程实例,对场地内埋深超越"规范法"适用范围的砂层进行液化判别,确定场地的临界液化深度。通过与室内动三轴试验的对比得出,2种方法的液化判别结果及确定的临界液化深度均吻合较好,验证了以剪切波速为指标的液化评估方法的可行性。  相似文献   

Seismic images of a collision zone offshore NW Sabah/Borneo   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Dieter Franke  Udo Barckhausen  Ingo Heyde  Mark Tingay  Nordin Ramli 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2008,25(7):606-624

Multichannel reflection seismic data from the southern South China Sea, refraction and gravity modelling were used to investigate the compressional sedimentary structures of the collision-prone continental margin off NW Borneo. An elongated imbricate deepwater fan, the toe Thrust Zone bounds the Northwest Borneo Trough to the southeast. The faults separating the individual imbricates cut through post-Early Miocene sediments and curve down to a carbonate platform at the top of the subsiding continental Dangerous Grounds platform that forms the major detachment surface. The age of deformation migrates outward toward the front of the wedge. We propose crustal shortening mechanisms as the main reason for the formation of the imbricate fan. At the location of the in the past defined Lower Tertiary Thrust Sheet tectonostratigraphic province a high velocity body was found but with a much smaller extend than the previously defined structure. The high velocity structure may be interpreted either as carbonates that limit the transfer of seismic energy into the sedimentary layers beneath or as Paleogene Crocker sediments dissected by remnants of a proto-South China Sea oceanic crust that were overthrust onto a southward migrating attenuated continental block of the Dangerous Grounds during plate convergence.  相似文献   

落球法测量高频振动对淤泥的液化效果     

潘志芳  张丛丽  喻国良 《海岸工程》2008,27(1):41-46

为了提高疏浚工程中管道输送淤泥的效率,对淤泥预处理技术——高频微幅振动液化技术进行了初步研究。主要介绍了落球法测量淤泥粘滞系数的实验,对不同性质的淤泥分别进行实验,根据距离振动棒不同位置的小球的沉降速度求出相应位置的粘滞系数,并将其进行比较,获得液化影响范围。实验结果表明,高频振动对于粉砂质淤泥具有良好的液化效果。  相似文献   

Tectonically-driven mud volcanism since the late Pliocene on the Calabrian accretionary prism,central Mediterranean Sea     

D. Praeg  S. Ceramicola  R. Barbieri  V. Unnithan  N. Wardell 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

Mud volcanoes recently discovered on the offshore Calabrian Arc are investigated at two sites 60 km apart, in water depths of 1650--2300 m, using swath bathymetry, 2D&3D multichannel seismic and cores. The seabed and subsurface data provide information on their formation and functioning in relation to tectonic activity during the rapid Plio-Quaternary advance of the accretionary prism. Fore-arc extension and thrust-belt compression are seen to have involved two main phases of activity, separated by a regional unconformity recording a mid-Pliocene (3.5–3.0 Ma) tectonic reorganization. The two sites of mud volcanism lie in contrasting tectonic settings (inner fore-arc basin vs central fold-and-thrust belt) and record differing forms of seabed extrusive activity (twin mud cones and a caldera vs a broad mud pie). At both sites, subsurface data show that mud volcanism took place throughout the second tectonic phase, since the late Pliocene; differing forms of mud extrusion were accompanied by subsidence to form depressions beneath and within extrusive edifices up to 1.5 km thick. The basal subsidence depressions point to sources within the succession of thrusts underlying the inner to central Arc, consistent with microfossils within cored mud breccias from both sites that are derived from strata as old as Late Cretaceous.  相似文献   

粉质土海底边界层动态演化过程波浪水槽实验     

文明征  贾永刚  王振豪  张少同  单红仙 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,42(5):96-104

The objectives of this study are carried out a series of controlled large wave flume experiments using fine-grained sediment from the Huanghe River Delta, exploring the complete sequence of sediment behavior in the bottom boundary layer(BBL) during wave-induced liquefaction. The results show that:(1) The BBL in silty seabed is exposed to a progressive wave, goes through a number of different stages including compaction before liquefaction, sediment liquefaction, and compaction after liquefaction, which determines the range and thickness of BBL.(2) With the introduction of waves, first, the sediment surface has settled by an amount S(S=1–2 cm) in the course of wave loadings with an insufficient accumulation of pore water pressure. And a thin high concentration layer formed the near-bed bottom.(3) Once the liquefaction sets in, the liquefied sediment with an ‘orbital motion' and the sub-liquefied sediment form a two-layer-sediment region. The range of BBL extends downwards and stopped at a certain depth, subsequently, develops upwards with the compaction process. Meanwhile, resuspended sediments diffuse to the upper water column.(4) During the dynamics process of the BBL beneath progressive waves, the re-suspended sediment increment ranked as sediment liquefaction erosion before liquefaction compaction after liquefaction.  相似文献   

1992年美国加州兰德斯地震——地壳结构不均匀性对地震发生的影响   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

田有  赵大鹏  孙若昧  滕吉文 《地球物理学报》2007,50(5):1488-1496

为了理解地震的发生和地壳结构不均匀性的关系,利用南加州地震台网的固定台和临时台所记录的2863个兰德斯余震和区域地震,共计107401个P波和19624个S波高质量的到时数据,采用地震层析成像方法得到了兰德斯地震区P波和S波的精细的三维速度结构和泊松比分布．结果显示,地震的发生和分布与地壳结构的横向不均匀性有密切的关系．总体上看,兰德斯地震区余震成丛分布,并被低速块体截断,其中4级以上地震大多分布于P波高、低速异常过渡区域或偏向高速块体一侧,这可能是因为高速区多属地壳脆性介质,易于造成应力集中,导致地震;反之,低速度区则可能代表破碎程度较高、富含流体或温度较高区域,因而更倾向于产生无震变形．基于兰德斯地震区强震震源位置、地震区P波、S波速度异常与泊松比分布推断,兰德斯地震区可能有流体存在．地壳流体易使地壳岩石弱化,从而引发大地震．  相似文献   

有限元方法在地震孕育过程与前兆机理研究中的应用进展     

陈玉香  杜建国  刘红 《地震》2007,27(4):99-109

有限元方法的基本思想是将连续的求解区域离散为一组有限个、 且按一定方式相互联结在一起的单元的组合体。 有限元方法是目前应用最为广泛的数值模拟方法, 由于能够将复杂介质的力学本构关系及边界条件问题转化成为常规问题的计算程序, 所以越来越多的地震学者将其应用于地震成因与前兆机理研究中。 该文着重介绍了有限元数值分析方法及其模拟在地震孕育过程与前兆机理研究中的应用进展, 并提出开展小尺度规模如岩石中矿物颗粒之间的力学行为的有限元模拟研究等几点建议。  相似文献