大型湖库滨岸带蓝藻水华堆积风险评估——以巢湖为例     

钱瑞  彭福利  薛坤  齐凌艳  段洪涛  邱银国  陈青  陈粉丽  高俊峰  黄佳聪 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):49-60

淡水湖库富营养化与蓝藻水华是全球性的突出水环境问题,尤其是滨岸带严重蓝藻水华堆积甚至造成了水体黑臭、威胁饮用水安全等严重危害,科学评估滨岸带蓝藻水华堆积风险、精准识别蓝藻水华易堆积区域是水环境管理与研究中亟待解决的关键科学问题.本研究以我国长江中下游的大型浅水富营养化湖泊巢湖为研究对象,依托流域水文与湖泊水动力模拟、遥...  相似文献   

太湖蓝藻水华暴发机制与控制对策   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨柳燕  杨欣妍  任丽曼  钱新  肖琳 《湖泊科学》2019,31(1):18-27

湖泊蓝藻水华暴发由于引发水生态系统的灾害和饮用水安全风险而成为国内外研究的热点之一.太湖蓝藻水华暴发原因多样,其中蓝藻自身的特性是水华暴发的内因,太湖的地理、水文和气象特征为蓝藻水华暴发提供了合适的温度和水动力条件,是蓝藻水华暴发的外因,湖泊草-藻型生态系统的转变以及氮、磷营养盐的高负荷输入更利于蓝藻生长,湖泊氮、磷营养盐四重循环是蓝藻水华不断暴发的维持机制,蓝藻水华暴发与氮、磷营养盐浓度之间存在交互作用关系.太湖蓝藻水华的控制应以陆源控源截污为基础,增加湖泊营养盐输出为重点,实现疏堵有机结合,其中恢复水生植被,重建草-藻结合型水生态系统是太湖湖泊生态修复的关键所在.  相似文献   

太湖水体氮、磷浓度演变趋势(1985-2015年)   总被引：11，自引：8，他引：3  

戴秀丽  钱佩琪  叶凉  宋挺 《湖泊科学》2016,28(5):935-943

分析了太湖水体氮、磷浓度1985-2015年的演变趋势.结果表明,近30年来,全太湖水体氮、磷指标总体呈先恶化、后好转的波动变化趋势.总氮（TN）浓度年均值在1.79～3.63 mg/L之间,30年平均值为2.62±0.03 mg/L,总磷（TP）浓度年均值在0.04～0.15 mg/L之间,30年平均值为0.086±0.001 mg/L,1996年全太湖TN （3.84 mg/L）和TP （0.15 mg/L）浓度年均值均达历史峰值.氮、磷逐月浓度变化情况显示,TN浓度呈明显季节性变化规律,最高值集中出现在3、4月,概率分别为67%和33%,最低值则分布在8、9、10、11月,概率分别为18%、41%、29%和12%,而TP浓度则没有明显的季节性变化规律.太湖各湖区水体氮、磷浓度变化空间异质性明显,西部水域和北部水域变化幅度大于东部水域、南部水域和湖心区.太湖水体氮、磷浓度的长期变化趋势显然和流域经济发展及各项环保管理措施的实施密切相关,同时也受到重大水情变化的影响.此外,在相对封闭的局部湖湾水体可以通过水利调度等综合治理措施短时期内改善氮、磷指标,但大太湖水质的改善任重而道远.  相似文献   

城市湖泊春季绿藻水华特征及其影响因素——以宁波月湖为例     

周卢茜  裘钱玲琳  唐剑锋  徐耀阳  潘军标  王小德 《湖泊科学》2019,31(4):1023-1034

城市湖泊富营养化问题日趋严峻,以往对水华的研究多集中于大型自然淡水湖库,而对小型城市浅水湖泊的水华动态相对较少.以宁波月湖为研究对象,探讨水华暴发期间浮游植物变化特征及与影响因子之间的关系,以期判别影响城市湖泊水华的主控因子.月湖水华期间营养盐水平处于中富营养至极端富营养之间,此次共检出浮游植物8门61属,藻种组成以绿藻门（51.79%）和硅藻门（21.43%）为主,各点位浮游植物生长主要受水温、光照驱动,经历了隐藻门→硅藻门→绿藻门→蓝藻门的演替.水华种为雷氏衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）,总藻密度最高达到1.55×10⁸ cells/L,水华暴发后各点位衣藻属比例升高（最高达到81.10%）,群落结构呈现单一化特征.通过Pearson相关性分析和RDA分析发现衣藻属生长与水温、pH、总磷浓度均呈显著正相关,春季气温回升、天气持续晴好,城市浅水湖泊高营养盐负荷、水体流动性差等特点为带鞭毛的衣藻属提供了适宜的生存条件,在环境条件均适宜的情况下拥有最大生长潜力的衣藻属在营养盐、光照等竞争中生长速率明显优于其他藻种,从而发生绿藻水华.  相似文献   

The effects of simulated inundation duration and frequency on litter decomposition: A one-year experiment     

《Limnologica》2019

There is major uncertainty in the responses of litter decomposition to the inundation regimes in field studies, mainly because of the difficulties in identification of the individual effect of duration and frequency using field studies alone. The interactive role of inundation regime and litter quality also remains unclear. The responses of mass loss to simulated inundation regime (duration and frequency) and litter quality were investigated in leaves of Carex brevicuspis and leaves and stems of Miscanthus sacchariflorus from Dongting Lake, China. Three litter types differing in litter quality were incubated under seven different inundations over 360 days (three single inundations of 90, 180, and 360 days; three repeated 180-day inundations of 2, 3, and 6 times; and no inundations) in a pond near Dongting Lake. Initial N and P contents were highest in C. brevicuspis leaves, intermediate in M. sacchariflorus leaves, and lowest in M. sacchariflorus stems, whereas the organic C, cellulose, and lignin contents were ranked in the opposite order among the three litter types. Decomposition rate was highest in M. sacchariflorus leaves (0.00222–0.00900 day⁻¹), intermediate in C. brevicuspis leaves (0.00135–0.00500 day⁻¹), and lowest in M. sacchariflorus stems (0.00080–0.00100 day⁻¹). The decomposition rate of both C. brevicuspis and M. sacchariflorus leaves increased with increasing inundation duration or decreasing frequency. However, both duration and frequency of inundation had no effect on decomposition of M. sacchariflorus stems. At the end of the incubation, N mineralization was complete in leaf litters with increasing rates with increasing inundation duration or decreasing inundation frequency, but accumulation was found in M. sacchariflorus stems. Organic C decayed quickly in both leaf litters compared with the stem litter. These data indicate that inundation regime has no effect on the decomposition of refractory stem litter while prolonged and stable inundation stimulates the degradation of labile leaf litter.  相似文献   

太湖蓝藻水华的扩张与驱动因素   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  

张民  阳振  史小丽 《湖泊科学》2019,31(2):336-344

蓝藻水华表征指标及驱动因子的多样性增加了研究人员、湖泊管理部门对于蓝藻水华扩张驱动因素的困惑,本研究通过整合太湖蓝藻水华长尺度研究的成果,将蓝藻水华扩张区分为时间扩张、空间扩张和生物量扩张3个方面,分析各自的驱动因子,系统阐述了当下太湖蓝藻水华的扩张和驱动因素.太湖蓝藻水华的时间扩张呈现由夏季集中发生向春季和秋冬季节扩张的趋势,导致春季蓝藻水华发生的提前,以及年度峰值的推迟;空间扩张呈现由西北太湖向湖心和东部湖区、乃至全湖扩张的趋势;太湖蓝藻生物量自2003年以后一直呈现缓慢增加的趋势.蓝藻水华时间扩张的驱动因素相对独立,主要受气象因子的影响,风速和日照时间是主要驱动因子,风速降低和日照时间延长均有助于蓝藻水华时间的扩张;空间扩张和生物量扩张则受气象因子和富营养化的双重影响,其中影响水华空间扩张的因子较多,富营养化和气象因素的主次难以确定,一般偶发性大面积蓝藻水华受气象因子驱动,而频发性大面积蓝藻水华主要受营养盐空间分布影响;影响蓝藻生物量扩张的主要驱动因素为总磷,另外氮磷比、水下可利用光和风速的变化也在一定程度上驱动了太湖蓝藻生物量的扩张.目前表征蓝藻水华强度通常利用空间扩张或生物量扩张指标,但是均具有一定局限性,相互间也缺乏可比性,各指标用于长尺度趋势研究更为可靠,短尺度比较受方法缺陷影响较大,应进一步开发表征水华蓝藻总存量的指标以统一空间扩张和生物量扩张.  相似文献   

三峡库区汉丰湖鱼类群落结构的季节变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王敏  朱峰跃  刘绍平  段辛斌  陈大庆 《湖泊科学》2017,29(2):439-447

为了解汉丰湖鱼类群落结构的季节变化特征,以便为汉丰湖鱼类资源的合理利用及保护提供理论依据,于2014年12月、2015年4、7和10月按季度共4次对汉丰湖鱼类群落结构进行调查与分析.结果表明:共采集到鱼类8538尾,38种,隶属于5目9科32属;其中,鲤形目鱼类有28种,占总物种数的73.68%.鱼类组成以湖泊定居性种类为主,瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)、蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)、银鮈(Squalidus argentatus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)为汉丰湖的重要优势种,占总尾数的67.45%.汉丰湖鱼类群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielous均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数在冬季最高,而Pielous均匀度指数在不同季节相对稳定.Jaccard群落相似性指数较高,季节间种类相似度较高.鱼类群落稳定性分析表明,冬季稳定性最高,其次为春季,夏季稳定性最低.湖泊生境尤其是水位的变化对汉丰湖鱼类群落结构影响明显.  相似文献   

长春南湖芦苇(Phragmites australis)茎、叶植硅体随生长期和生境的变化特征     

高桂在  介冬梅  刘利丹  刘洪妍  高卓  李德晖  李楠楠 《湖泊科学》2017,29(1):224-233

对于不同生长期、不同湿度条件下芦苇(Phragmites australis)茎、叶中多种类型植硅体含量变化的探讨,能够为植硅体形成机理研究和探讨植硅体对气候变化的响应提供理论依据.选取长春市南湖为实验样点,于5—10月在3种不同生境(旱生、季节性水生和水生生境)采集芦苇样品,并分别统计芦苇茎、叶植硅体形态和数量.实验结果显示:首先,茎、叶植硅体组合特征存在明显差异,茎中帽型及个体较大的尖型等植硅体多于叶中,而叶中硅化气孔含量明显高于茎中.其次,随着植株的生长,芦苇茎中硅化气孔含量先增加后减少,鞍型植硅体含量变化较小而帽型植硅体含量先减少后增加,棒型植硅体含量逐渐增加、尖型植硅体含量先增加后减少;芦苇叶中硅化气孔含量持续增加,鞍型、帽型等短细胞植硅体含量下降,尖型、扇型等个体较大的植硅体含量逐渐增加.最后,不同植硅体类型的含量在3种生境中的变化情况较为复杂,茎中植硅体的数量变化没有明显规律,而芦苇叶中硅化气孔含量由旱生生境向水生生境逐渐增加,可见叶中硅化气孔含量的增加可以指示相对湿润的生境条件.总之,芦苇茎、叶内不同类型植硅体的数量对植株生长及不同湿度环境有不同程度的响应,对芦苇植硅体的研究也有助于理解湿生植物植硅体与环境因子的关系,进而为探讨植硅体对古环境、古气候的响应提供理论基础.  相似文献   

Recent changes in the spring microplankton of Lake Baikal,Russia     

《Limnologica》2019

Lake Baikal is facing several environmental stressors, including climate change and nearshore eutrophication. To assess recent ecological changes in Lake Baikal and provide a baseline for future comparisons, we sampled spring plankton communities from the pelagic zone of the lake in 2016 and compared these data with unpublished and published historical information going back to 1990. In 2016, one pelagic long-term monitoring station was sampled in early spring (March) during ice cover and 21 long-term monitoring stations located throughout the lake were sampled in late spring (May-June). We measured water chemistry parameters at most stations and the abundance, taxonomic composition and biomass of bacteria, ciliates and phytoplankton at several locations in different areas of the lake. Biotic parameters from 2016 were compared with historical data, showing significant changes in the spring pelagic microbial community since the 1990s. We show increased quantities of small species, mixotrophic ciliates, and the appearance (or increasing number) of small coloured and colourless flagellates. We also show substantially decreased densities of formerly dominant heavily silicified diatoms such as Aulacoseira spp. Since 2007, Synedra acus subsp. radians, a smaller and weakly silicified diatom, has dominated the spring plankton of the lake. These results suggest that Lake Baikal’s pelagic plankton community may be changing, with climate likely playing a dominant role in these changes.  相似文献   

A comparative study of the hopanoid hydrocarbons in sediments of two lakes (Fuxian and Changdang) with contrasting environments     

《Limnologica》2019

Biologically configured ββ-hopanes, geologically configured αβ-hopanes and the biogenic hopenes were determined in dated sediment cores from Lake Fuxian in SW China and Lake Changdang in Eastern China in order to investigate anthropogenic influences on the abundance, composition and provenance of hopanoid hydrocarbons in lake sediments. Based on the results, hopenes were prevalent, with maximum values reaching 148.9 μg g⁻¹ TOC in sediments of Lake Fuxian, an oligotrophic deep lake (average depth 89.6 m), where the long water column provided ample potential for the growth of hopene-producing bacteria especially the cyanobacteria. Sediment hopenes have diminished in abundance to values of 13.4–78.5 μg g⁻¹ TOC in Lake Changdang, a eutrophic shallow (average 0.8–1.2 m) body, reflecting comparatively reduced importance of nutrient level on hopene production. Historical trends in hopenes input to the sediments of each lake are strongly dependent on nutrient status. During the last few decades, human-induced eutrophication has greatly boosted bacterial production, enhancing the accumulation of hopenes in sediments. Inputs of petroleum-derived αβ-hopanes were exceptionally high (average 71.2 μg g⁻¹ TOC) in post-1968 sediments from Lake Changdang, their increase coinciding with the advent and acceleration of petroleum product use around the lake, in particular by fishing boats. Lake Fuxian on the other hand, has undergone slower economic development and the appearance of petroleum-derived αβ-hopanes in sediments was delayed to 1990 since when the average value has been 27.1 μg g⁻¹ TOC. The abundance of αβ-hopanes in Lake Changdang has created a marked decrease in the relative contribution of hopenes to total hopanoids since 1968. Conversely, the amounts of αβ-hopanes introduced to Lake Fuxian since 1990 has yet to yield a clear change in the overall proportion of hopenes, but the abundance of ββ-hopanes has declined relative to total hopanoid levels for the period.  相似文献