Qualitative and quantitative analysis of vorticity,strain and area change in general non-isochoric 2D deformation     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2013

A scale free representation of a general non-isochoric 2D deformation is presented which is amenable to mathematical analysis. By describing deformation in 2D in terms of polar coordinates the stretching and rotational histories of linear elements separate and are easily analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. An analysis of finite strain combined with dynamical considerations allows the derivation of equations which may be used to estimate finite strain, area change and kinematic vorticity number. Numerical investigation of method developed here was carried out and it was found to perform well unless large area changes occur in combination with large components of simple shear. A re-analysis of natural data indicates the method is consistent.  相似文献   

太阳风在地球激波前兆区减速的统计研究          下载免费PDF全文

符慧山  曹晋滨  张铁龙  H.Reme  E.Lucek 《地球物理学报》2009,52(4):895-901

本文首次利用完全相同两颗卫星（CLUSTER C1和C3）的数据对地球激波前兆区太阳风的减速和偏转特性进行了统计研究.结果表明,在激波前兆坐标系中,太阳风减小的速度随观测点到激波的距离D_BS增大而减小,随行星际磁场与激波法向夹角θ_BN增大也减小,在ULF波动区深度D_WS小于6R_e(R_e为地球半径)的范围内最为显著;伴随着太阳风减速的另外一个现象——太阳风的偏转,也存在相似的规律.其最大减速和最大偏转角度分别为10 km/s和3°.太阳风减速和偏转,以及随之变化的太阳风动压,可能会引起地球磁层顶位置和形状发生改变,同时也为激波前兆区弥散（diffuse）离子的起源及加热提供了一种可能的机制.  相似文献   

Water and nutrient fluxes off Northwest Africa     

Maria V. Pastor  Josep L. Pelegrí  Alonso Hernández-Guerra  Jordi Font  Jordi Salat  Mikhail Emelianov 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

A historical data set is used to describe the coastal transition zone off Northwest Africa during spring 1973 and fall 1975, from 17° to 26°N, with special emphasis on the interaction between subtropical (North Atlantic Central Waters) and tropical (South Atlantic Central Waters) gyres. The near-surface geostrophic circulation, relative to 300 m, is quite complex. Major features are a large cyclonic pattern north of Cape Blanc (21°N) and offshore flow at the Cape Verde front. The large cyclone occurs in the region of most intense winds, and resembles a large meander of the baroclinic southward upwelling jet. The Cape Verde frontal system displays substantial interleaving that may partly originate as mesoscale features at the coastal upwelling front. Property–property diagrams show that the front is an effective barrier to all properties except temperature. The analysis of the Turner angle suggests that the frontal system is characterized by large heat horizontal diffusion as a result of intense double diffusion, which results in the smoothing of the temperature horizontal gradients. Nine cross-shore sections are used to calculate along-shore geostrophic water-mass and nutrient transports and to infer exchanges between the coastal transition zone and the deep ocean (import: deep ocean to transition zone; export: transition zone to deep ocean). These exchanges compare well with mean wind-induced transports and actual geostrophic cross-shore transport estimates. The region is divided into three areas: southern (18–21°N), central (21–23.5°N), and northern (23.5–26°N). In the northern area geostrophic import is roughly compensated with wind-induced export during both seasons. In the central area geostrophic import is greater than wind-induced export during spring, resulting in net import of both water (0.8 Sv) and nitrate (14 kmol s⁻¹), but during fall both factors again roughly cancel. In the southern area geostrophy and wind join to export water and nutrients during both seasons, they increase from 0.6 Sv and 3 kmol s⁻¹ during fall to 2.9 Sv and 53 kmol s⁻¹ during spring.  相似文献   

改进的等参逆变换算法在耦合场分析中的应用     

周艳国  陈胜宏  张雄  傅少君 《岩土力学》2008,29(11):3170-3173

实际工程有限元计算中涉及多个物理场的相关分析或耦合分析时场变量之间的数据传递问题非常重要,往往会遇到等参逆变换的需求。分析并指出现有等参逆变换所存在问题,给出了新的改进算法,即在网格内采用新方法进行等参逆变换,在网格外采用距离加权法进行插值传递,并详细说明本算法实施关键。对一大型拱坝施工过程中的温度场和应力应变场耦合分析问题进行研究,结果表明所提出方法具有简便实用、高效和满足工程精度等特点,可应用于实际工程。  相似文献   

勘探线剖面三维坐标与剖面图二维坐标转换计算方法     

李蒙文  赵财胜  郑榕芬  陈莉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2005,35(6):818-822,826

探讨了地质勘探线剖面三维坐标与剖面图二维坐标相互转换方法及其实现过程,建立了数学模型,并通过计算实例进行了验证。主要作法是,根据剖面图的特性选择勘探线剖面地表迹线与勘探基线所在垂直面的交点为转换计算基准点(B),以勘探线剖面内过基准点(B)的水平直线(L)为旋转轴,将勘探线剖面旋转至水平位置;再以基准点(B)为旋转点,将勘探线剖面在水平面内旋转至水平直线(L)成东西向,建立剖面内空间要素旋转前后的关系式,实现三维坐标向二维坐标转换。按相反的操作过程,已知转换后剖面图上点的二维坐标,可以计算出剖面上对应点的三维空间坐标,实现二维坐标向三维坐标转换。  相似文献   

土体表面三维位移测试的新方法     

孙伟  沈家军  张弘怀  洪宝宁  何小元 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z2):570-574

采用双目立体视觉与数字图像相关相结合的新方法,对静载作用下湿喷桩复合地基室内模型的土体表面三维位移进行测试。给出了双目立体视觉系统的标定结果,提出了提取角点坐标的新方法及基于仿射变换的左右摄像机同名点的匹配搜索法,得到了土体表面三维位移随荷载变化的曲线。试验结果证明,将该系统应用于湿喷桩复合地基室内模型的土体表面位移测试是一种有益的尝试,也为土体位移测试提供了新的方法。  相似文献   

The temporal variation of the spherical and Cartesian multipoles of the gravity field: the generalized MacCullagh representation     

E. Grafarend  J. Engels  P. Varga 《Journal of Geodesy》2000,74(7-8):519-530

 The Cartesian moments of the mass density of a gravitating body and the spherical harmonic coefficients of its gravitational field are related in a peculiar way. In particular, the products of inertia can be expressed by the spherical harmonic coefficients of the gravitational potential as was derived by MacCullagh for a rigid body. Here the MacCullagh formulae are extended to a deformable body which is restricted to radial symmetry in order to apply the Love–Shida hypothesis. The mass conservation law allows a representation of the incremental mass density by the respective excitation function. A representation of an arbitrary Cartesian monome is always possible by sums of solid spherical harmonics multiplied by powers of the radius. Introducing these representations into the definition of the Cartesian moments, an extension of the MacCullagh formulae is obtained. In particular, for excitation functions with a vanishing harmonic coefficient of degree zero, the (diagonal) incremental moments of inertia also can be represented by the excitation coefficients. Four types of excitation functions are considered, namely: (1) tidal excitation; (2) loading potential; (3) centrifugal potential; and (4) transverse surface stress. One application of the results could be model computation of the length-of-day variations and polar motion, which depend on the moments of inertia. Received: 27 July 1999 / Accepted: 24 May 2000  相似文献   

光速不变原理推广（Ⅱ）──论弯曲时空中光速不变     

王仁川 《天文学报》1995,(3)

根据等效原理及理论自洽的要求，把光速不变原理推广到弯曲时空。并在此基础上阐明了坐标、坐标变换，物理量的描述与测量等最基本问题的物理意义。  相似文献   

A projective approach to orbit determination from three sight-lines     

A. J. Sarnecki 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1996,66(4):425-451

Concepts from projective geometry are used to provide a coherent framework for the determination of orbits from observation data comprising lines of sight at three known times. A novel way of presenting the results in a finite diagram is introduced, The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by an example, using a simple spreadsheet. A computer-graphic implementation is recommended.  相似文献   

Indicator Kriging without Order Relation Violations   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Raimon Tolosana-Delgado  Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn  Juan-Jose Egozcue 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(3):327-347

Indicator kriging (IK) is a spatial interpolation technique aimed at estimating the conditional cumulative distribution function (ccdf) of a variable at an unsampled location. Obtained results form a discrete approximation to this ccdf, and its corresponding discrete probability density function (cpdf) should be a vector, where each component gives the probability of an occurrence of a class. Therefore, this vector must have positive components summing up to one, like in a composition in the simplex. This suggests a simplicial approach to IK, based on the algebraic-geometric structure of this sample space: simplicial IK actually works with log-odds. Interpolated log-odds can afterwards be easily re-expressed as the desired cpdf or ccdf. An alternative but equivalent approach may also be based on log-likelihoods. Both versions of the method avoid by construction all conventional IK standard drawbacks: estimates are always within the (0,1) interval and present no order-relation problems (either with kriging or co-kriging). Even the modeling of indicator structural functions is clarified.  相似文献