Seismic imaging of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs     

J. J. O'Brien  I. Lerche 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,127(1):33-61

This paper examines those aspects of reflection seismology which require special consideration when imaging deeper hydrocarbon reservoirs, including the constraints imposed by vertical resolution, lateral resolution, and velocity analysis. We derive quantitative expressions relating the uncertainties in stacking velocities and in interval velocities derived from stacking velocities to acquisition parameters, as well as expressions for the lateral resolution which can theoretically be achieved for migrated seismic images. This analysis shows that the most significant limitations of seismic imaging at depth involve the finite lateral resolution of the seismic method, and the proper lateral positioning of seismic images. These difficulties are overcome in large measure through the proper migration of a seismic dataset, which becomes more critical as deeper horizons are imaged. If these horizons are suspected of having significant 3-D structure, a strong argument may be made for acquiring a 3-D seismic survey over the prospect. Migration of this dataset will then generate an image of the subsurface with good lateral resolution in both the X and Y directions.  相似文献   

Lacustrine basin hydrocarbon exploration – current thoughts     

Barry Jay Katz 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,26(2):161-179

Although much of the world's petroleum resource-base is associated with marine systems, regionally lacustrine petroleum systems are important. Individual accumulations may exceed several billion barrels. In each of these cases the oil is derived from a lacustrine source rock and may be produced from either nonmarine or marine reservoir rocks. The purpose of this paper is to describe the factors that control lacustrine source rock development and the nature of lacustrine reservoirs. Lacustrine oils display different physical and chemical characteristics than their marine counterparts. These differences can be related to the nature of their precursor material. Although the nature of the products are different, the geochemical threshold criteria for defining source rocks in both settings are the same because of common expulsion requirements. Commercially significant lacustrine systems require the presence of large, long-lived lakes. Such lake settings are tectonic in origin and restricted to climatic settings where precipitation exceeds evaporation. Within these large lake systems three primary factors determine source rock potential and quality. These factors are primary productivity level, organic preservation potential, and matrix sedimentation rate, which controls the dilution of preserved organic matter. Source rock potential is maximized where both productivity and preservation potential are maximized and sedimentation rate is minimized. To some degree these factors can compensate for each other. Hydrocarbon reservoir potential within lacustrine basins is partially impacted by overall tectonic setting. Within extensional settings, transport distances tend to be limited, with much of the sediment being transported away from the basin. The sediments delivered to the lake are poorly sorted and sedimentologically immature, commonly resulting in poor reservoirs due to both primary properties and their susceptibility to diagenesis. Within rifts better reservoirs tend to develop along platform or flexural margins. Stacking of reservoirs is important in lacustrine systems but baffles and barriers are often present between individual sand units. These barriers form as a result of lake level fluctuations. In compressional settings transport distances tend to be longer, resulting in more mature, better sorted sediments leading to higher quality reservoirs. These reservoirs typically develop in fluvial-deltaic and wave-dominated shoreline settings. Lacustrine carbonate reservoirs are locally important. These carbonates tend to develop during lake level lowstands and are dependent on diagenesis (dissolution and karstification) for porosity and permeability development. Lacustrine reservoirs are often stratigraphically and areally limited and display low individual well production rates. Within pure lacustrine systems exploration opportunities appear to be often restricted by either reservoir presence or quality (i.e., production rates). The best exploration opportunities in lacustrine basins appear to be associated with hybrid systems where a lacustrine source and marine reservoir exist.  相似文献   

广东山区大中型水库淤积与整治     

陈朝辉  方国祥  李鑫华  温美丽  张俊香 《热带地理》2007,27(5):429-434

广东是全国水资源较丰富的省区,但是由于环境污染,全省已普遍出现水质性缺水危机。目前除了东江、西江、北江和韩江等大江河外,沿海地区许多中、小河流和池塘等地表水水质已经恶化,不宜饮用,有的甚至不宜灌溉,有些地方连浅层地下水也不宜饮用。故此,山区水库已成为我省最后的水源"阵地",各地纷纷直接从水库引水饮用。然而,平原地区周围丘陵台地的库、塘水质也已严重恶化。目前全省321宗大、中型水库将成为本省水源的最后防线,而这些水库也存在不同程度泥沙淤积、水质污染和管理体制弊端等问题,必须采取有效措施进行整治和维护,并改革管理体制和加强管理,以保证其可持续利用和社会发展的水源需求。  相似文献   

Inversion of interference hydraulic pumping tests in both homogeneous and fractal dual media     

Frederick Delay  Anne Kaczmaryk  Philippe Ackerer 《Advances in water resources》2007

This work proposes a complete method for automatic inversion of data from hydraulic interference pumping tests based on both homogeneous and fractal dual-medium approaches. The aim is to seek a new alternative concept able to interpret field data, identify macroscopic hydraulic parameters and therefore enhance the understanding of flow in porous fractured reservoirs. Because of its much contrasted sensitivities to parameters, the dual-medium approach yields an ill-posed inverse problem that requires a specific optimization procedure including the calculation of analytical sensitivities and their possible re-scaling. Once these constraints are fulfilled, the inversion proves accurate, provides unambiguous and reliable results. In the fractal context inverting several drawdown curves from different locations at the same time reveals more accurate. Finally, hydraulic parameters drawn from inversion should be taken into account to improve in various situations the conditioning of up-scaled flow in fractured rocks.  相似文献   

地震多参数油气预测方法及应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吴朝容  李正文  段文燊  李显贵 《沉积与特提斯地质》2002,22(4):97-101

地震多参数综合油气预测方法是一种基于地震数据计算储层段地震资料的富氏谱，功率谱，自相关，自回归和振幅等35种特征参数，并经广义线性分类，以实现油气异常圈定的方法技术，该方法的客观性较强，具有很高的可信度，经过碎屑岩储层，碳酸盐岩储层以及火山岩储层的预测和识别检验。具有较好的应用效果和广泛的市场价值，适应了油公司勘探开发的需要。  相似文献   

新疆塔里木盆地白垩—第三纪沉积相及储集体分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

丁孝忠  郭宪璞  彭阳  王易农  王大宁  李汉敏  何希贤  金若谷  杨国栋 《岩石矿物学杂志》2001,20(2):146-155

根据沉积特征、岩石矿物特征、生物特征及地球化学特征的综合分析，将塔里木盆地白垩-第三系划分为3个沉积相组、12个沉积相、20个沉积亚相和若干个沉积微相，并首次在塔北发现海相沉积，塔里木盆地白垩-第三纪储集体包括碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩两种，东北坳陷区储层主要为碎屑岩，特别是下白垩统卡普沙良群亚格列木组是沙雅隆起上的重要储层，上白垩统巴什基奇克组是库车前陆盆地的重要储层，西南坳陷区储层包括碎屑岩储层和碳酸盐岩储层两种岩性，如下白垩统上部乌鲁克恰特组滨岸海滩硝砾岩及上白垩统依格孜牙组生物丘灰岩等也构成较好的储集层。  相似文献   

测井资料在碳酸盐岩洞—裂缝型储层产能评价中的应用   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

赵军  祁兴中  夏宏权  刘红歧 《现代地质》2003,17(1):99-104

介绍了一种基于测井资料来预测双孔结构碳酸盐岩储层产能的新方法。首先根据碳酸盐岩剖面中双孔结构储层的地质和测井特征,提取与储层产能密切相关的多个测井和地质参数,考虑到这些参数与产能的非线性相关关系以及产能数据的变化特点,采用BP神经网络技术建立其储层产能的预测模型,由此处理了轮南地区的多口井测井资料。所预测的储层段产能与试油产能较为一致,效果良好。  相似文献   

陆相坳陷盆地层序地层格架下岩性地层圈闭/油藏类型与分布规律——以松辽盆地白垩系泉头组—嫩江组为例   总被引：4，自引：12，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

邹才能  陶士振  谷志东 《地质科学》2006,41(4):711-719

本文在圈闭组成和形成条件分析的基础上对坳陷盆地层序地层格架下岩性地层圈闭/油藏类型与分布规律进行了初步分析和总结,探讨了层序地层格架下不同体系域中圈闭/油藏类型的纵向分布、盆地中不同构造部位圈闭/油藏类型的横向分布规律。系统解剖了松辽坳陷盆地白垩系二级层序格架内低位、湖侵和高位体系域中圈闭/油藏类型的纵向分布和变化特征;对比分析了坳陷盆地从凹陷带(近凹中心)、过渡带(凹陷边缘)到斜坡带(环凹斜坡)圈闭/油藏类型的横向分布和变化规律。圈闭/油藏类型的纵、横向分布和变化规律表明:岩性地层圈闭/油藏的形成及类型具有纵向“层控”、横向“相控”的规律性,即纵向上受控于层序格架(体系域),横向上受控于一定构造背景下特定的沉积相带。  相似文献   

Rare and vulnerable species in the mollusc communities in the mining subsidence reservoirs of an industrial area (The Katowicka Upland, Upper Silesia, Southern Poland)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Iga Lewin  Adam Smoli&#x;ski 《Limnologica》2006,36(3):181-191

Pollution of the water environment by mining waters is a problem not only in Poland, but worldwide. This study investigated the mollusc communities in seven mining subsidence reservoirs affected by coal mine output (the Katowicka Upland, Upper Silesia, Southern Poland). The objective of the survey was to determine the relationship between the molluscs and their environments and to evaluate the ecological-conservation value of freshwater habitats which support rare and vulnerable molluscs. From 1993 to 2005, 23 mollusc species were recorded. Our result confirmed an invasion by Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843), whose density varied from 2 to 2422 individuals/m² in the waters of the Katowicka Upland. A few rare and vulnerable species were found, e.g. Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758), Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ferrissia wautieri (Mirolli, 1960), Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Musculium lacustre (O.F. Müller, 1774) or Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791). Principal component analysis showed a positive correlation between mollusc density and pH, the concentration of chlorides, the total hardness, alkalinity and total dissolved solids, and a negative correlation between the number of species and phosphates. Because of the distinctive environmental features of the mining subsidence reservoirs in Czułów, the research area has provided a refuge for wildlife.  相似文献   

南羌塘盆地扎仁古油藏白云岩储层特征及成因研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

陈文彬  杨平  张予杰  彭智敏 《沉积与特提斯地质》2006,26(2):42-46

根据薄片、铸体薄片、压汞、阴极发光等研究,详细描述了南羌塘盆地扎仁古油藏白云岩的储层特征,并对白云岩成因作了初步研究。认为该白云岩在沉积期后变化中经历了多种成岩作用改造,其中影响白云岩储集性的作用主要有白云石化作用、溶蚀作用、重结晶作用和构造应力作用,对白云岩孔渗改善起了积极作用。白云岩主要储集空间为晶间孔、晶间溶孔,储集物性良好。广泛发育的白云石环边结构等淡水成因标志表明,该区白云岩是通过大气水-海水孔隙混合流体交代灰岩所形成的。  相似文献