Analysis of Anomalous Characteristics of Regional Crustal Deformation before the September 16th, 2019 Zhangye MS5.0 Earthquake, Gansu, China     

MA Haiping  WANG Qian  ZHANG Bo  WU Shanyi  WANG Pengtao  DOU Xiying  LI Minjuan 《中国地震研究》2020,34(2):210-218

To study the crustal movement in the vicinity of the epicenter before the Zhangye M_S5.0 earthquake in 2019, the characteristics of crustal deformation before the earthquake are discussed through the GPS velocity field analysis based on the CMONOC data observed from GPS. The baseline time series between two continuous GPS stations and the strain time series of an area among several stations are analyzed in the epicenter area. The resulting time series of baseline azimuth around the epicenter reflects that the energy of the fault in the northern margin of Qilian Mountain is accumulated continuously before 2017. Besides, the movement trend of azimuth slows down after 2017, indicating the stress accumulation on both sides of the seismogenic fault zone has reached a certain degree. The first shear strain and EW-direction linear strain in the epicentral area of the Zhangye M_S5.0 earthquake remain steady after 2017, and the surface strain rate decreases gradually after 2016. It is illustrated that there is an obvious deformation loss at the epicentral region three years before the earthquake, indicating that a certain degree of strain energy is accumulated in this area before the earthquake.  相似文献   

GPS应变率场计算方法研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王静 《地震》2019,39(2):122-134

基于大地测量资料获取地壳运动与应变积累定量结果一直是国内外重视的地震中长期预测的技术途径。 针对地震变形过程的准确描述问题, 国内外学者基于GPS资料, 发展了多种应变率场解算方法。 本文首先简要介绍了GPS应变率计算的基本原理, 然后系统梳理了国内外多种计算方法的优势和不足, 结果表明: 应变率计算的数学方法只考虑几何关系, 其中整体方法主要适合数据密度和分布较好条件下获取区域地壳变形分布与趋势, 局部方法主要适用于数据较为稀疏情况下描述构造块体的变形特征; 应变率计算的物理方法既考虑几何关系又考虑物理关系, 其中, 位错方法根据主要适合于研究区域存在主控断层的情况(研究区域的变形主要由少数断层控制); 数值模拟方法(如有限元法)主要适用于区域地质、 地球物理的资料比较完备的情况。  相似文献   

A Review of the Calculation Formula for the Four-component Borehole Strainmeter and Application to Earthquake Cases   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SU Kaizhi 《中国地震研究》2019,33(1):132-146

Based on the principle formula for the four-component strainmeters, we can directly obtain the specific plane strain, shear strain and azimuthal angle of the principal strain, and the maximum and minimum principal strains calculated afterwards are the indirect result. The problems of practicality of the sensitivity coefficients A and B of plane strain and shear strain are then discussed. Based on this idea, we analyzed the observation data of several four-component borehole strainmeters near the epicenter of the Yiliang M_S5.7 earthquake in 2012 and the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake in 2014 in the Zhaotong area, Yunnan Province. The results show that the analysis based on the perspective of plane strain and shear strain has an obviously better effect than that based on the component readings, and can directly peel off the respective abnormality of the plane strain and shear strain. In addition, the correlation coefficient curves between measured data of two plane strains show significant anomalies which often occur several days before and during the earthquake.  相似文献   

2011年日本东北大地震（M_W=9.0）震间与震前变形场特征及其对强震预测的启示          下载免费PDF全文

朱守彪 《地球物理学报》2020,63(2):427-439

强震震前(preseismic)动力学过程的研究对于地震预测具有十分重要的意义,但由于观测资料的限制,目前对强震前孕震区力学状态及其演化过程的认识还非常有限.2011年日本东北9.0特大地震(Tohoku-Oki)发生在GPS观测台站最为密集的地区,为研究特大地震震间(interseismic)与震前的变形状态提供了难得的机会.文中将利用日本东北大地震之前连续的GPS观测资料,分别计算震间与震前的速度场与变形场.通过对比分析发现,日本东北地区(Tohoku)震前的应变状态与震间的有很大的不同,震间的变形主要受到太平洋板块向日本海沟北西西向的俯冲挤压作用所控制,其主压应变以近东西向压缩为主,日本东北地区的运动方向与太平洋板块的运动方向大体一致.但是,临近地震前(震前)日本东北地区的运动方向发生了很大变化,震前30天的连续GPS观测结果显示,速度场的优势方向经常变换,间歇性地出现与太平洋板块运动方向相反的情况.这意味着震前孕震区的力学状态发生了很大的改变.这种变化可能与震前破裂成核或慢滑移及慢地震等过程有关,这些过程将加速或促进大地震的发生,从而为大地震的发生准备了力学条件.值得特别强调的是,这些现象都是可以通过直接观测能够发现的大地震之前的异常现象.由此可见,加密GPS站点进行连续观测,寻找震前变形异常区以及探索异常的物理机制对于地震预测预报有重要的科学意义.  相似文献   

Examining fault architecture and strain distribution using geospatial and geomechanical modelling: An example from the Qaidam basin,NE Tibet     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The investigation of complex geological setting is still dominated by traditional geo-data collection and analytical techniques, e.g., stratigraphic logging, dip data measurements, structural ground mapping, seismic interpretation, balance section restoration, forward modelling, etc. Despite the advantages of improving our understanding in structural geometry and fault architecture, the geospatial modelling, applying computer-aided three-dimensional geometric design, visualization and interpretation, has rarely been applied to such complex geological setting. This study used the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt (in Qaidam basin, NE Tibetan Plateau) to demonstrate that the application of geospatial and geomechanical modelling could improve our understanding and provide an effective technique for investigating the fault architecture and strain distribution. The three-dimensional configuration of the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt was initially derived from traditional analysis techniques, such as regional stratigraphic logging, cross section construction, meso-scale ground mapping and landsat image interpretation. The high-resolution field data and landsat image were integrated to construct the geospatial model, which was subsequently used to quantitatively investigate the fault throw changes along the Lenghu thrust fault zone and to understand its control on the lateral structural variation. The geospatial model was then restored in three dimensions to reveal the kinematic evolution of the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt. Geomechanical modelling, using a Mass-Spring algorithm, provided an effective three-dimensional tool for structural strain analysis, which was used to predict the strain distribution throughout the overall structure, e.g., normal faults with throws ranging from meters to tens of meters in the hanging-wall. The strain distribution predicted by geomechanical modelling was then validated by the natural normal faults in the hanging-wall. The high accordance between the strain prediction and statistics of natural normal faults demonstrates good applicability of geospatial and geomechanical modelling in the complex geological setting of the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt. The geospatial models and geomechanical models, therefore, can provide a robust technique for analyzing and interpreting multi-source data within a three-dimensional environment. We anticipate that the application of three-dimensional geospatial modelling and geomechanical modelling, integrating both multi-source geologic data and three-dimensional analytical techniques, can provide an effective workflow for investigating the fault architecture and strain distribution at different scales (e.g., ranging from regional-to meso-scale).  相似文献   

Mass rig system for shaking table tests of slender columns          下载免费PDF全文

Pedro F. Silva  Arash Sangtarashha  Rigoberto Burgueño 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(15):2717-2736

A new mass rig system is proposed to minimize the deficiencies in current shaking table testing setups. This is accomplished by placing the inertial mass on a convex path designed to impose P‐Delta demands on slender cantilever columns. The design and performance of the mass rig system, and the principles used in deriving the equations of motion and their analytical validation against results obtained from shaking table tests, are presented. Formulation of the governing equations of motion was based on Lagrangian mechanics and solved using an implicit linear acceleration method with an adaptive time step formulation. Friction developed in the sliding system was also incorporated in the equations of motion. Experimental results validated the accuracy in the derivation and solution of the equations of motion. Validated by analytical and experimental results, P‐Delta effects were found to increase the displacement demands on slender columns in the low‐frequency range of acceleration input, while in the high‐frequency range P‐Delta effects led to no increase and in some cases even a reduction in displacement demands. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

最大准则优化技术在贴体网格中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

贾艳艳  邢学军  史基安  孙国强 《地球物理学报》2014,57(4):1275-1283

贴体网格在地质数值模拟中具有广阔的应用前景,为解决贴体网格生成时边界离散问题,提出了最大长度准则和最大面积准则,把曲线逼近和曲面网格优化问题转化为数学优化问题,为求解该问题,提出了改进的单粒子优化算法.试验表明,最大长度准则和最大面积准则的优化效果好于常规方法;以改进的单粒子优化算法求解该问题时,计算效率是智能单粒子优化算法的30倍左右（节点量为200）,从而实现最大长度准则和最大面积准则在贴体网格生成中的应用.针对最大面积准则优化曲面网格不能控制网格步长的情况,提出了限定步长的网格优化算法,使网格步长合理化,并通过实例验证了该算法的有效性.研究成果提供了生成贴体网格时边界优化准则和求解方法,对今后复杂边界的贴体网格生成具有重要意义.  相似文献   

Comparison of two extensometric stations in Hungary     

《Journal of Geodynamics》2014

Quartz-tube extensometers are used to measure rock deformations in two geodynamic observatories in Hungary in order to contribute to the investigation of recent tectonic movements on the area of the Pannonian Basin. One of the observatories is situated on the border of the Alps at Sopronbánfalva and is set in the metamorphic (gneiss) material of the mountains. The other station is in the basically karstic environment of the Mátyáshegy (Mátyás Hill) near Budapest. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the local conditions, such as structure of the observatory, topography or geologic features of the surrounding rocks, lead to additional or modified deformations of the extensometric stations. Data collected over eight years were processed and analysed to compare the observatories taking into account geologic, lithologic and topograpic properties of the measurement sites. Tidal and coherence analysis of the continuous strain measurements revealed that the instrument at Sopronbánfalva is more sensitive to atmospheric pressure loading than the extensometer at Mátyáshegy. Signal to noise values from the data processing of the short period variations support the higher stability of tidal strain measurements at Mátyáshegy. The strain rates measured by extensometers in both observatories are in good agreement with the strain rates inferred from GPS measurements of the Hungarian GPS Geodynamic Reference Network and the Central European GPS Reference Network.  相似文献   

高采样率四分量钻孔应变同震响应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘琦 《中国地震研究》2014,28(1):34-45

In this paper, we adopt the observation data of two 10Hz YRY 4-component borehole strainmeters and one 100Hz FBS-3B broadband seismometer to study the responses of their observations to the April 11, 2012 Mw 8.6 earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra, and compare the response characteristics during the coseismic stage after preprocessing of the data. We analyze the spectrum＇s dynamic process during the coseismic stage with the S transformation method, and discuss the spectrum＇s details in different seismic phases. The S transformation results of the data of seismometer and borehole strainmeter at the same station show that the coseismic spectrum evolution of the two kinds of observation are similar to each other and can be cross-referenced in indentifying the wave signals, which proves that the borehole strainmeter measurements at high frequencies are reliable.  相似文献   

2012年印尼8.6级地震应变地震波的Hilbert-Huang时频分析     

李文军  张晶  刘琦  池顺良  梁建宏  王武星  曹建玲 《地震》2014,34(2):45-54

本文通过端点效应压制的Hilbert-Huang变换, 对大同及沁源台布置的四分量钻孔应变仪记录的印尼8.6级地震激发的应变地震波形进行时频分析, 结果显示印尼8.6级地震的主震和8.2级余震的应变地震波序列各个震相具有不同的时频特征: ① 地震波到达之前的所谓“环境噪声”部分, 瞬时频率低, 瞬时振幅小; ② P波初至时, 高频成分突然增加, 振幅也随即增强; ③ S波到达时, 频率有所降低而振幅剧烈上升; ④ 面波到达时, 振幅进一步剧烈上升达到整个序列的极大值; ⑤ 尾波部分振幅逐渐降低, 但与噪声部分相比频率依然偏高, 振幅依然偏大。 本文也将应变地震波与地震仪记录的地震波进行对比, 虽然应变地震波与地震波波形和Fourier谱具有极高的相关系数, 但从Hilbert-Huang变换得到的边际谱上看, 应变地震波与地震波有显著的区别, 应变地震波比地震波记录的低频成分相对更多。 通过Hilbert谱, 有助于更好地了解非平稳信号的局部特征, 对于突变信号的地震波, Hilbert-Huang变换是一个较好的时频分析工具。  相似文献