利用微震数据对震源下方构造直接成像          下载免费PDF全文

葛奇鑫  韩立国 《地球物理学报》2019,62(10):3988-3999

现有的微震记录直接成像方法是将微震记录既当作入射记录,也当作散射记录,从而实现偏移成像.但此方法并不能突出透射波所携带的来自震源下方的深层散射波信息.本文在假设已知微震位置与子波的前提下,提出了对微震下方构造进行逆时偏移的成像方法.该方法类似于常规的逆时偏移,只是震源位置在地下.这使得在成像时,地下更深部的入射波场相比震源在地表时会更为精确,因此能够获得更加准确的成像结果.该方法会给成像结果带来一种尾波高频干扰：地下的震源发出的上行波与上方介质作用后,所产生的多级散射波会干扰反传波场.对此,在成像过程中,对入射场和散射场都进行左右行波分离,以压制该噪声.而在子波信息未知,无法重构入射场时,使用了激发时间成像条件,也能够实现同等效果的偏移成像,且不会出现尾波高频干扰.利用数值实验验证了本文方法的有效性.  相似文献   

基于三参量威布尔分布的潜在震源区强震危险性估计     

刘哲  李琦  任鲁川  田建伟  张锟 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(2):346-353

本文提出了一种基于三参量威布尔分布模型估计潜在震源区强震危险性的方法。选择日本东海-南海地震带为潜在震源区,分别基于强震发震时间间隔服从二参量和三参量的威布尔分布,估计该区强震危险性,结果表明三参量威布尔分布的拟合效果优于二参量威布尔分布。选择马尼拉海沟俯冲带为潜在震源区,基于三参量威布尔分布估计该区强震危险性,结果显示未来10、30和50年该区强震（M≧7.5）复发概率分别为62%、82%和89%,最短发震时间间隔估计为1.70年。  相似文献   

Crustal structure beneath Liaoning province and the Bohai Sea and its adjacent region in China based on ambient noise tomography          下载免费PDF全文

Guang-hua Pang  Ji-Kun Feng  Jun Lin 《地震科学（英文版）》2017,30(1):1-15

The velocity structure of the crust beneath Liaoning province and the Bohai sea in China was imaged using ambient seismic noise recorded by 73 regional broadband stations. All available three-component time series from the 12-month span between January and December 2013 were cross-correlated to yield empirical Green's functions for Rayleigh and Love waves. Phasevelocity dispersion curves for the Rayleigh waves and the Love waves were measured by applying the frequencytime analysis method. Dispersion measurements of the Rayleigh wave and the Love wave were then utilized to construct 2D phase-velocity maps for the Rayleigh wave at8–35 s periods and the Love wave at 9–32 s periods,respectively. Both Rayleigh and Love phase-velocity maps show significant lateral variations that are correlated well with known geological features and tectonics units in the study region. Next, phase dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave and the Love wave extracted from each cell of the 2D Rayleigh wave and Love wave phase-velocity maps,respectively, were inverted simultaneously to determine the3 D shear wave velocity structures. The horizontal shear wave velocity images clearly and intuitively exhibit that the earthquake swarms in the Haicheng region and theTangshan region are mainly clustered in the transition zone between the low-and high-velocity zones in the upper crust, coinciding with fault zones, and their distribution is very closely associated with these faults. The vertical shear wave velocity image reveals that the lower crust downward to the uppermost mantle is featured by distinctly high velocities, with even a high-velocity thinner layer existing at the bottom of the lower crust near Moho in central and northern the Bohai sea along the Tanlu fault, and these phenomena could be caused by the intrusion of mantle material, indicating the Tanlu fault could be just as the uprising channel of deep materials.  相似文献   

龙门山地区的kappa（κ₀）模型及汶川M_S8.0地震的强地震动模拟          下载免费PDF全文

傅磊  李小军 《地球物理学报》2017,60(8):2935-2947

在地震动模拟中,高频衰减参数（κ₀）是一个重要的参数,它控制了傅里叶谱高频部分的衰减特性.本文利用汶川M_S8.0地震和芦山M_S7.0地震主余震的1671组强震动观测记录,计算了龙门山地区50个断层距小于150 km的强震动台站的κ₀,基于随机有限断层法模拟了汶川地震中这些台站的加速度时程、傅里叶振幅谱和反应谱,并与前人的研究进行比较.结果表明,合理计算的κ₀可以有效地改善加速度时程振幅和高频谱（>1 Hz）的模拟结果.另一方面,本文基于κ₀与地形高程的相关性,建立了龙门山地区的κ₀经验模型.分别采用该经验模型和κ₀= 0.04 s模拟了汶川地震的峰值加速度分布,并与观测记录进行比较.结果表明,采用本文提出的κ₀模型可以更好地重现汶川地震的峰值加速度分布,特别是在断层破裂方向的反方向区域和山区.综上,汶川地震中山区的峰值加速度明显大于盆地地区的现象,不仅与断层破裂产状有关,还与山区和盆地地区的κ₀之间显著的差异有关.  相似文献   

秦岭-大别及邻区背景噪声的瑞利波层析成像          下载免费PDF全文

丁文秀  付媛媛  高原  廖武林  何亚娟  蔡永建  申学林 《地球物理学报》2017,60(8):2959-2968

秦岭—大别造山带西起青藏高原东北缘,东至郯庐断裂带,是华北板块和扬子板块之间的碰撞造山带.本文收集陕、豫、皖、赣、湘、鄂、渝等区域地震台网的160个宽频带地震台站连续两年地震背景噪声数据,用双台站互相关算法获得瑞利面波经验格林函数,提取相速度频散曲线,并根据面波层析成像反演得到秦岭—大别及邻区周期8~35 s范围内相速度分布图像.结果显示,大别地块在14 s相速度分布图中呈现低速异常,与8 s相速度分布图中的高速异常形成鲜明对比,反映大别HP/UHP(high pressure/ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks,高压/超高压变质岩)的影响仅存在于上地壳.25 s相速度图中,大致以太行一武陵重力梯度带为界,东部以高速异常为主,西部以低速异常为主,反映了地壳东薄西厚的结构特征.14~35 s相速度分布图显示郯庐断裂带南段东西两侧的显著差异,佐证了郯庐断裂带发生大规模左行平移运动时,其南段可能切入壳幔边界.同时,郯庐断裂带南段可能存在一个热物质上涌的通道,熔融的热物质通过该通道上升,混入大别地区的中下地壳,造成了红安一大别造山带的差异隆升.南秦岭与四川盆地东北部表现为低速异常,是否与青藏高原物质东流或者南秦岭的拆沉有关,还有待于进一步深入研究.  相似文献   

长白山火山区地壳S波速度结构的背景噪声成像   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王武  陈棋福 《地球物理学报》2017,60(8):3080-3095

利用探测深俯冲的中国东北地震台阵NECsaids的60个流动台与固定地震台2010年7月至2014年12月的垂向连续波形数据,采用地震背景噪声成像方法获得了研究区6~40 s周期的瑞雷波相速度分布,并通过相速度频散反演得到了研究区下方0~50 km的三维S波速度结构.结果表明:研究区下方地壳S波速度结构存在明显的横向和纵向不均匀性,浅部速度结构与浅表地质构造单元有较好的对应,深部速度结构较好地反映了区域火山活动及深部热物质作用的结构特征;在长白山火山下方9~30 km深度范围内存在明显低速区并有向下延伸的趋势,推测可能为长白山火山地壳岩浆囊;在龙岗火山下方12~30 km深度范围内发现较弱的低速区,可能代表火山喷发后的残留物,而在镜泊湖火山下方没有明显的低速异常,说明镜泊湖火山地壳内可能不存在部分熔融的岩浆物质.  相似文献   

多主频波场的时间阻尼全波形反演          下载免费PDF全文

陈生昌  陈国新 《地球物理学报》2017,60(8):3229-3237

低频成分缺失和地下速度强烈变化会导致严重的周期跳现象,是地震数据全波形反演的难题.通过对地震数据加时间阻尼和时间积分降主频处理,提出了一种可有效去除周期跳现象的多主频波场时间阻尼全波形反演方法.由浅到深的速度不准确会造成波形走时失配和走时失配的累积.浅部速度的准确反演可有效地减小深部波形走时失配与周期跳现象.对地震数据施加时间阻尼得到时间阻尼数据,利用不同阻尼值的时间阻尼地震数据实现由浅到深的全波形反演.低主频波场的周期跳现象相对高主频波场的要弱.对地震波场进行不同阶的时间积分以得到不同主频的波场,把低主频波场的全波形反演结果作为高主频波场全波形反演的初始模型.应用缺失4 Hz以下频谱成分的二维盐丘模型合成数据验证所提出的全波形反演方法的正确性和有效性,数值试验结果显示多主频波场的时间阻尼全波形反演方法对缺失低频成分地震数据和地下速度强烈变化具有很好的适应性.  相似文献   

THREE-DIMENSIONAL S-WAVE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION BASED ON AMBIENT NOISE ANALYSIS IN EASTERN NORTH          下载免费PDF全文

GONG Meng  XU Xi-wei  ZHANG Xin-dong  OUYANG Long-bin  JIANG Guo-yan  DONG Bo 《地震地质》2017,39(1):130-146

We apply ambient noise tomography to continuous vertical component broadband seismic data between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011from the regional networks of 190 stations deployed by China Earthquake Administration in Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mengolia. Ambient noise cross-correlations were performed to produce the Green's functions of each station-pair. Firstly, we used the multiple-filter analysis method to extract surface wave group and phase velocity dispersion curves from inter-station paths at periods from 7 to 40s. Then the study area was discretized into a 0.2°×0.2° grid to obtain the group and phase velocity distributions using O'ccam inversion method. After that, three dimensional (3-D) S-wave velocity structures from the surface down to 50km are inverted from group and phase velocities dispersion results. the results of S wave velocity distribution maps generally demonstrate good correlations with surface geological and tectonic features, and they also clearly revealed the lateral velocity variation in the crust. In the mid-upper crust, the basins are clearly resolved with low S wave velocity due to its thick sedimentary layer, and the Taihang and Yanshan uplifts show relative higher S wave velocity distribution. With the increase of depth (>30km), the S wave velocity distribution presents a contrary characteristic compared to that of the shallow layer, and the S wave velocity beneath the Taihang and Yanshan uplifts are much lower than basin areas, which is possibly correlated with the thickness of the crust. 3-D S wave velocity shows a low-velocity zone at~10~20km depth observed beneath the Tanshan-Hejian-Xintai-Cixian belt and Bohai Bay. the low-velocity zone at~20~30km depth beneath the Datong area may be associated with the thermal material in the crust-mantle. Our S wave velocity distribution maps clearly show that Taihang Mountains is not only the boundary of topography and tectonic zone, but also the transition zone of high and low S wave velocity.  相似文献   

The impact of surface‐wave attenuation on 3‐D seismic survey design          下载免费PDF全文

Tomohide Ishiyama  Gerrit Blacquière  Wim A. Mulder 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(1):86-96

Three‐dimensional seismic survey design should provide an acquisition geometry that enables imaging and amplitude‐versus‐offset applications of target reflectors with sufficient data quality under given economical and operational constraints. However, in land or shallow‐water environments, surface waves are often dominant in the seismic data. The effectiveness of surface‐wave separation or attenuation significantly affects the quality of the final result. Therefore, the need for surface‐wave attenuation imposes additional constraints on the acquisition geometry. Recently, we have proposed a method for surface‐wave attenuation that can better deal with aliased seismic data than classic methods such as slowness/velocity‐based filtering. Here, we investigate how surface‐wave attenuation affects the selection of survey parameters and the resulting data quality. To quantify the latter, we introduce a measure that represents the estimated signal‐to‐noise ratio between the desired subsurface signal and the surface waves that are deemed to be noise. In a case study, we applied surface‐wave attenuation and signal‐to‐noise ratio estimation to several data sets with different survey parameters. The spatial sampling intervals of the basic subset are the survey parameters that affect the performance of surface‐wave attenuation methods the most. Finer spatial sampling will reduce aliasing and make surface‐wave attenuation easier, resulting in better data quality until no further improvement is obtained. We observed this behaviour as a main trend that levels off at increasingly denser sampling. With our method, this trend curve lies at a considerably higher signal‐to‐noise ratio than with a classic filtering method. This means that we can obtain a much better data quality for given survey effort or the same data quality as with a conventional method at a lower cost.  相似文献   

基于分数阶小波域GSM模型的地震信号随机噪声压制方法          下载免费PDF全文

汪金菊  李青  徐小红  曹丽 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):2989-2997

地震信号中的随机噪声是一种干扰波,严重降低了地震信号的信噪比,并影响着资料的后续处理和分析.本文根据地震信号中有效信号和随机噪声的差异,结合分数阶B样条小波变换与高斯尺度混合模型提出了一种地震信号随机噪声压制方法.首先利用分数阶B样条小波变换将含噪地震信号映射到最优分数阶小波时频域内,然后对各小波子带系数分别建立高斯尺度混合模型,由贝叶斯方法估计出源地震信号小波系数,最后使用分数阶B样条小波逆变换重构得到降噪后的地震信号.利用本文方法对合成地震记录和实际地震信号进行降噪处理,实验结果表明本文方法能够有效地压制地震信号中的随机噪声,并且较好地保留了有效信号.  相似文献