中国大陆阶梯地貌的基本特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋复初  吴锡浩 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1993,(3)

本文通过中国大陆山顶面高程等值线图和大河河床高程等值线图来研究和讨论中国大陆阶梯地貌的基本特征。大致沿大兴安岭—太行山—雪峰山和昆仑山—阿尔金山—祁连山—龙门山—玉龙山—喜马拉雅山存在两条明显的山顶面高程等值线和大河河床高程等值线梯度带。它们是重要的构造地貌界线,将我国大陆分成三级由西向东逐级降低的地貌阶块。中国大陆阶梯地貌于晚期喜马拉雅运动中初具雏形。在新构造运动中,特别是发生于1.4—1.2MaB.P.的构造运动以来,使其得到进一步加强和发展。现今中国的地貌格局,主要是近100万年期间新构造运动造成的。  相似文献   

Evolution of the western Barents Sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jan Inge Faleide  Steinar T. Gudlaugsson  Gerard Jacquart 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1984,1(2):123-150

Information from multichannel seismic reflection data complemented by seismic refraction, gravity and magnetics forms the basis for a regional structural and evolutionary model of the western Barents Sea during post-Caledonian times. The western Barents Sea contains a thick succession, locally > 10 km, of Upper Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary rocks covering a basement of probably Caledonian origin. The area is divided into three regional geological provinces: (1) an east-west trending basinal province between 74°N and the coast of Norway; (2) an elevated platform area to the north towards Svalbard; and (3) the western continental margin. Several structural elements of different origin and age have been mapped within each of these provinces. The main stratigraphic sequence boundaries have been tentatively dated from available well information, correlation with the geology of adjacent areas, and correlation with the interregional unconformities caused by relative changes of sea level. The main structural elements were developed during three major post-Caledonian tectonic phases: the Svalbardian phase in Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous times, the Mid and Late Kimmerian phase in Mid Jurassic to Early Cretaceous times and Cenozoic tectonism related to the progressive northward opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. The sediments are predicted to be of mainly clastic origin except for a thick sequence of Middle Carboniferous — Lower Permian carbonates and evaporites. Salt diapirs have developed in several sub-basins, especially in the Nordkapp Basin where they form continuous salt walls that have pierced through > 7 km of sediments.  相似文献   

褐藻多酚的结构单元及生成机理   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈予敏  严小军  范晓 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(3):225-232

在褐藻多酚研究中，传统的观战即间苯三酚是褐藻多酚的结构单元，在多酚结构规律方面不能地解释６种酚类分子的成因。作者在理论分析和综合前人实验结果的基础上，提出１，２，３，５－四羟基苯为褐藻多酚的结构单元，它在褐藻细胞中的存在形式为１，２，３，５－四羟基苯－２，５－二硫酸酯或１，２，３，５－四羟基苯－２－硫酸酯或并指出褐藻多酚可能的生成机理，初步为不同种类多酚分子的生成规律提供了一种统一的、清晰的解释。  相似文献   

台湾的现代构造地貌及其深部重力机制问题     

刘光夏 《台湾海峡》1993,12(4):402-406

经过三维重力正演计算，我们从台湾的布格重力异常中求得了深部重力异常，其深度相当于地壳下层。分析对比之后发现，深部重力异常等植线的形态，较好地反映了台湾的现代构造地貌特征。如东部等值线的同步弯曲，犹如错断水系，反映现代板块运动的方向；中部大面积零值和负值线圈闭，反映中央山脉的整体上升；在一些等值线聚合成梯度的地带，又往往是某些深断裂的反映。是否可以这样认为，深部重力异常是地壳深处介质密度沿某一方向的  相似文献   

Role of fluid mixing and wallrock sulfidation in gold mineralization at the Semna mine area, central Eastern Desert of Egypt: Evidence from hydrothermal alteration, fluid inclusions and stable isotope data     

Basem Zoheir  Ahmed Akawy  Imbarak Hassan 《Ore Geology Reviews》2008,34(4):580-596

The Semna gold deposit is one of several vein-type gold occurrences in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt, where gold-bearing quartz veins are confined to shear zones close to the boundaries of small granitoid stocks. The Semna gold deposit is related to a series of sub-parallel quartz veins along steeply dipping WNW-trending shear zones, which cut through tectonized metagabbro and granodiorite rocks. The orebodies exhibit a complex structure of massive and brecciated quartz consistent with a change of the paleostress field from tensional to simple shear regimes along the pre-existing fault segments. Textural, structural and mineralogical evidence, including open space structures, quartz stockwork and alteration assemblages, constrain on vein development during an active fault system. The ore mineral assemblage includes pyrite, chalcopyrite, subordinate arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite and gold. Hydrothermal chlorite, carbonate, pyrite, chalcopyrite and kaolinite are dominant in the altered metaggabro; whereas, quartz, sericite, pyrite, kaolinite and alunite characterize the granodiorite rocks in the alteration zones. Mixtures of alunite, vuggy silica and disseminated sulfides occupy the interstitial open spaces, common at fracture intersections. Partial recrystallization has rendered the brecciation and open space textures suggesting that the auriferous quartz veins were formed at moderately shallow depths in the transition zone between mesothermal and epithermal veins.Petrographic and microthermometric studies aided recognition of CO₂-rich, H₂O-rich and mixed H₂O–CO₂ fluid inclusions in the gold-bearing quartz veins. The H₂O–CO₂ inclusions are dominant over the other two types and are characterized by variable vapor: liquid ratios. These inclusions are interpreted as products of partial mixing of two immiscible carbonic and aqueous fluids. The generally light δ³⁴S of pyrite and chalcopyrite may suggest a magmatic source of sulfur. Spread in the final homogenization temperatures and bulk inclusion densities are likely due to trapping under pressure fluctuation through repeated fracture opening and sealing. Conditions of gold deposition are estimated on basis of the fluid inclusions and sulfur isotope data as 226–267 °C and 350–1100 bar, under conditions transitional between mesothermal and epithermal systems.The Semna gold deposit can be attributed to interplay of protracted volcanic activity (Dokhan Volcanics?), fluid mixing, wallrock sulfidation and a structural setting favoring gold deposition. Gold was transported as Au-bisulfide complexes under weak acid conditions concomitant with quartz–sericite–pyrite alteration, and precipitated through a decrease in gold solubility due to fluid cooling, mixing with meteoric waters and variations in pH and fO₂.  相似文献   

Geomorphological-sedimentological studies of landform types and modern placer deposits in the savanna (Southern Malawi)     

H.G. Dill  R.-R. Ludwig 《Ore Geology Reviews》2008,33(3-4):411-434

Semi-arid climatic conditions were responsible for the evolution of the vast savanna that stretches across central Africa and for the evolution of placers in this area that carry gemstones, rare earth element minerals and zircon- and titanium-bearing minerals. In combination with a polystage peneplanation, chemical weathering contributed to the emplacement of four different types of placer deposits during the Cenozoic in Malawi. Eight landform types have been defined by their geomorphological form, geometry, grain size parameters, stratification, fabric and rock contacts. Each type describes the landscape of the savanna and can be related to the emplacement of placer types within this morphoclimatic zone. Residual to eluvial placers, represented geomorphologically by landform type V, came into existence under strong chemical weathering during a period of alternating peneplanation and valley incision into soil and saprolite. Gentle valley-side slopes or elongated interfluves have a low gradient favorable for the formation and preservation of eluvial to colluvial placers (landform type Ic). Fluvial placers become economic only on outwash plains of tributaries near the confluence with their trunk rivers, beyond the point of inflection (landform types III, II). In the lower reaches of fluvial drainage systems around shallow lakes, fluvio-deltaic placers evolved during periods of rapid uplift and regression of the lake (landform type IV). Other landform types established throughout this study are cast in the role of ‘ore guides’ or, alternatively, have a negative impact on the likelihood of placer formation. The key associations of landforms discussed in this paper may be used as a geomorphological-sedimentological tool in search of modern continental placer deposits in areas where semi-arid climatic conditions occur(red) during the Cenozoic.  相似文献   

则岔石林地质公园喀斯特地貌类型及形成机制          下载免费PDF全文

徐家红  鄢志武  柳晓丹 《干旱区地理》2018,41(5):1027-1034

则岔石林地质公园位于甘肃省碌曲县,该处地貌完整地保存了高寒喀斯特的特征,具有典型性与稀有性。为了揭示其自然科学价值,促进自然资源开发与景观保护,基于前人工作基础,通过野外地质调查,以碌曲县区域地学为背景,介绍了则岔石林地质公园的喀斯特地貌类型,即以高原石林为主,一线天为亮点,小型溶洞为辅。继而从地质构造、岩性、水文气候、生物因素四方面分析了园内喀斯特地貌的形成机制。对完善我国高海拔地区岩溶系列地质遗迹的科学研究具有一定意义。同时,高寒喀斯特的生态化对南方喀斯特沙漠化的治理具有良好的示范作用。  相似文献   

敦煌雅丹地貌区晚更新世以来的区域构造运动特征     

王彦洁  武法东  张婷婷  储皓 《中国沙漠》2018,38(4):739-746

河流阶地和活动断层是研究区域构造运动的良好证据。分析了敦煌雅丹地貌区的活动断层和河流阶地的特征与性质,并取样测定活动断层形成时间,进而通过区域对比确定研究区晚更新世以来的构造运动特征和性质。研究区晚更新世以来受区域构造运动影响强烈,特别是阿尔金构造系和北山构造系的次级构造对研究区影响明显。距今约10万年以来,研究区共发生过3次明显的间歇性构造抬升活动：Ⅰ期发生于距今约10万年前,强度最弱;Ⅱ期发生于距今约7万年前,最为强烈;Ⅲ期发生在距今4万年前。  相似文献   

1996—2016年西藏定结地区风沙地貌格局与变化          下载免费PDF全文

马建军  潘美慧  伍永秋  薛雯轩 《干旱区地理》2018,41(5):1035-1042

依据1996-2016年定结地区Landsat4-5 TM、MSS、Landsat7 ETM、Landsat8 OLI共6期遥感影像,结合野外实地考察,对西藏定结地区风沙地貌特征及近20 a来风沙地貌格局动态变化进行了定量研究。结果表明：（1）定结地区风沙地貌类型主要有爬坡沙丘、谷坡灌丛沙堆、新月形沙丘、平沙地及谷底灌丛沙堆,主要沿朋曲河、协林藏布、叶如藏布、吉隆藏布及曲强藏布等河谷呈条带状分布并集中在宽谷段,同时在登么错、强左错、共左错及错母折林等湖泊周围呈小面积零星分布。（2）1996-2016年定结地区风沙地貌格局变化分为两个阶段：1996-2004年呈扩张趋势,年转换率为0.87,面积增加量为151.2 km²;2004-2016年呈逆转趋势,年转换率为-0.59,面积减少量为276.6 km²。整体而言,1996-2016年总面积转化率为-0.27,风沙地貌面积呈先扩张后缩减趋势,转移矩阵分析流动沙地向固定、半固定沙地转移较多,这种变化特征与转移方向印证了青藏高原气候暖湿性愈发显著的趋势。  相似文献   

线形沙丘研究进展评述与展望   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李继彦  董治宝 《中国沙漠》2018,38(6):1153-1165

线形沙丘不仅是地球上沙漠地区分布最广的沙丘类型之一,在火星、土卫六和金星等外星球也存在或可能存在。因此,线形沙丘可能是具有大气层的类地行星上分布广泛的一种风沙地貌。线形沙丘分布广泛、形态多样,某一理论不能合理解释其所有特征及其形态动力学机理,使其成为争议最大的一类沙丘。近年来随着新技术和新方法在风沙地貌研究中的应用,线形沙丘研究取得了诸多重要进展。以不同的研究主题为线索,对线形沙丘界定及分类、分布、物质组成、内部沉积构造、侧向移动、形成年代和形成假说等7个方面的研究进展进行了总结与综述,并对线形沙丘未来的研究前景进行了展望,认为在未来研究中应注重野外观测与室内实验分析相结合、与外星球线形沙丘的类比研究和新技术的应用等。  相似文献