Measures of transport mode segmentation of trajectories     

Adrian C. Prelipcean  Gyözö Gidofalvi  Yusak O. Susilo 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(9):1763-1784

ABSTRACT

Rooted in the philosophy of point- and segment-based approaches for transportation mode segmentation of trajectories, the measures that researchers have adopted to evaluate the quality of the results (1) are incomparable across approaches, hence slowing the progress in the field and (2) do not provide insight about the quality of the continuous transportation mode segmentation. To address these problems, this paper proposes new error measures that can be applied to measure how well a continuous transportation mode segmentation model performs. The error measures introduced are based on aligning multiple inferred continuous intervals to ground truth intervals, and measure the cardinality of the alignment and the spatial and temporal discrepancy between the corresponding aligned segments. The utility of this new way of computing errors is shown by evaluating the segmentation of three generic transportation mode segmentation approaches (implicit, explicit–holistic, and explicit–consensus-based transport mode segmentation), which can be implemented in a thick client architecture. Empirical evaluations on a large real-word data set reveal the superiority of explicit–consensus-based transport mode segmentation, which can be attributed to the explicit modeling of segments and transitions, which allows for a meaningful decomposition of the complex learning task.  相似文献   

基于区位条件评价的鄱阳县农村居民点整理模式     

马春花  叶秀英  杨学龙  赵小敏 《地域研究与开发》2016,(2):128-133

以区位条件为基础,应用GIS空间分析法、多因素综合评价法和频率直方图法对江西省鄱阳县农村居民点进行区位评价,以此为依据得出不同区位条件下的农村居民点土地整治模式,为鄱阳县及类似区域农村居民点规划与整理、发展城乡统筹和新农村建设提供参考。研究结果表明:鄱阳县南部区位条件评价等级高于北部,随着等级的降低,农村居民点斑块数量及面积均减少。结合农村居民点区位评价结果及当地实际,将鄱阳县农村居民点整理模式划分为城镇化发展模式、改造发展模式、内部挖潜模式、迁村并点模式、整体迁移模式。  相似文献   

Exploring relation of land surface temperature with selected variables using geographically weighted regression and ordinary least square methods in Manipur State,India     

Dheera Kalota 《国际地球制图》2017,32(10):1105-1119

In the present study, relationship between Land surface temperature and selected indices, vegetation index (VARI), built-up index (BUI) and elevation (DEM) is investigated. Ordinary least square method and geographically weighted regression are used to analyse the spatial correlation between the indices with surface temperature. Subsequently, temporal trends (2001–2015) in surface temperature and vegetation are explored after every two years of interval. LANDSAT image and ASTER DEM are used to extract LST and additional indices. The selected variables (Built-up, vegetation and topography) explain 69% of the variation in surface temperature. The OLS and GWR revealed that topography and vegetation are the significant factor of LST in Manipur State. Topography being a constant parameter, its effect is constant over time. The changing scenario of vegetation is significantly contributing to LST. The surface temperature over a period of 15 years show increasing trend and is negatively and strongly correlated to vegetation cover.  相似文献   

2014年夏季青藏高原狮泉河与林芝降水低频振荡及陆—气过程日变化特征     

段丽君  段安民  胡文婷  巩远发 《大气科学》2017,41(4):767-783

根据“第三次青藏高原大气科学试验” 2014年7、8月青藏高原西南部狮泉河站、东南部林芝站的3 m涡动相关系统原始数据和10 Hz湍流资料以及中国气象局台站观测资料、JRA-55（Japanese 55-year Reanalysis）逐日再分析资料、GPCP（Global Precipitation Climatology Project）全球降水逐日观测资料,分别讨论了这两个站在10~20天低频振荡的天气背景下其干、湿位相近地层气象要素的日变化特征以及湍流变化特征。结果表明:两站高低空环流场、水汽通量场、热源的10~20天低频分量在其干、湿位相期间的配置相反。低频地表感热和潜热的不同变化对降水的影响分别在高原西部和东部有不同表现。狮泉河站的低频振荡在纬向上自西向东传播,而林芝站的低频振荡在纬向上自东向西传播,结果表明这两个站分别存在两种不同起源的低频振荡。两站干、湿位相的近地面气象要素以及湍流通量具有明显的日变化特征,通常温度极大值出现在午后14时（北京时,下同）,但狮泉河站干、湿位相的温度极大值均出现在夜间20时;由波文比可知,狮泉河站湿位相全天以潜热为主导,干位相期间,06时之前以潜热为主,06时之后以感热为主;林芝站干、湿位相均为08时之前以感热为主,08时之后以潜热为主。两站湍流平均动能与平均风速正相关,垂直动量表现为向下传输,热量和水汽表现为向上传输。  相似文献   

基于幅频分离的气候时间序列预测试验     

张舰齐  王丽琼  左瑞亭  叶晶  马秋丽  叶成志 《大气科学》2017,41(3):501-514

从气候波动的瞬时频率与瞬时振幅出发,结合最小二乘支持向量机技术,提出了基于幅频分离技术的气候时间序列预测方法,并对南京地区降水距平进行了30候的预测试验。结果表明,幅频分离预测法能够对所有模态的振幅和高频模态的瞬时频率进行较好的预测,而预测的瞬时频率累积误差会对模态分量的预测距平相关性产生敏感影响,该新方法能够显著提高气候序列高频模态的预测效果。对于气候序列的低频模态分量,集合经验模态分解的边界效应会对瞬时频率的求解产生较大误差,使得序列边界区的幅角计算不准确,导致对低频模态的最终预测效果不理想。对气候序列的高频分量采用幅频分离并进行最小二乘支持向量机预测,而对其低频分量仅采用最小二乘支持向量机进行直接预测,可同时提高高、低频分量的预测效果,并最终提高整个气候序列的预测准确性。该分频预测方法可以使南京降水预测的30候距平相关保持在0.4以上。  相似文献   

线状中尺度对流系统的多普勒雷达统计特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

王俊 《山东气象》2017,37(4):25-33

利用济南CINRAD/SA新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,统计分析了2004—2015年约15万km2区域内发生的148个线状中尺度对流系统（linear mesoscale convective systems,简称LMCSs）的多普勒雷达回波特征。主要分析了LMCSs的年和月分布、典型尺度、典型回波强度的统计特征以及初始回波出现时间、位置、LMCSs持续时间、演变过程回波合并特征、移动速度和方向、发展后期回波演变特征、组织类型等。LMCSs存在明显的年际变化,不同年份之间有很大的差别,而每年的6月和7月是LMCSs的高发期;80%的LMCSs是大于50 km的中-β尺度,20%属于中-α尺度,成熟期97.3% LMCSs的最大回波强度在55～70 dBz间;10—22时之间易开始形成LMCSs,14—16时是峰值,凌晨不易形成LMCSs,而LMCSs持续时间在2～18 h之间,6～8 h是峰值;一半的LMCSs在演变过程出现回波合并,合并过程可以分为与孤立对流单体合并、与对流回波群合并和与对流回波带合并三类;地形对LMCSs的触发有重要影响,太行山脉、鲁中山区的北麓和西麓容易触发形成LMCSs。这些研究为认识LMCSs发生、演变、减弱各阶段的特征,进一步提高对LMCSs的实时监测、短时预警水平提供了基础。  相似文献   

Modal Choice in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area: An Exploratory Data Analysis     

Donald W. Buckwalter 《The Professional geographer》2017,69(1):94-106

Journey-to-work mode choice is intertwined with ideological and pragmatic issues. This article reexamines such issues using socioeconomic data from the decennial census and American Community Survey (ACS). It investigates the structure of variables with exploratory data analysis (EDA) because this technique advises the formation of hypotheses and the specification of cause and effect. Traditional EDA reveals the nonnormal structure of raw data, mapping illustrates associations between transit and income, and both methods suggest the presence of a transit-by-choice population among affluent metropolitan residents. The results yield three hypotheses concerning propensity to use transit that have previously received little attention.  相似文献   

遥感时间序列影像变化检测研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵忠明  孟瑜  岳安志  黄青青  孔赟珑  袁媛  刘晓奕  林蕾  张蒙蒙 《遥感学报》2016,20(5):1110-1125

同一区域、不同时期大量历史数据的积累,以及同一区域能够方便地获取高时间分辨率遥感数据,使遥感时间序列影像变化检测成为近年来遥感技术与应用的研究热点。本文系统总结和评述了当前遥感时间序列影像变化检测的相关研究进展和应用状况,在阐明遥感时间序列分析的意义,以及时间序列影像在变化检测中的优势的基础上,从非遥感领域时间序列变化检测方法出发,针对遥感时间序列影像变化检测的需求,明确和归纳了遥感时间序列变化检测的问题与类型,并对当前最新研究进行了综述,总结了各种方法的优点与不足,重点介绍了基于经验模态分解的遥感时间序列影像异常信息检测方法和基于隐马尔可夫模型的土地利用/覆盖变化检测方法,以期能够为相关研究提供参考。最后总结了该研究领域的发展趋势和存在问题,并对今后的研究工作和未来发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

Wind effects on sub-tidal currents in Puget Sound     

Hiroshi Matsuura  Glenn A. Cannon 《Journal of Oceanography》1997,53(1):53-66

Wind effects on sub-tidal currents are studied using current meter records obtained at six moorings across the main basin of Puget Sound. High correlations between wind speeds and currents are found near the surface and at mid-depths of about 100 m. Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis applied to the axial currents in 1984 and 1985 shows that mode 1, containing over 60% of the variance, is highly correlated with wind speed even without any near surface current records. When near surface stratification is strong, direct wind effects are limited to the upper 30 m with counter currents in the lower layer indicating a baroclinic response. The transport in the lower layer almost balances the transport in the upper layer. When near surface stratification is weak, direct wind effects on currents can be detected to about 100 m. In this case, there is no clear and consistent depth at which one can separate the upper from the lower layer. Time series show that the acceleration in the surface layer initially increases in the same direction as the wind when the wind starts blowing, but it reaches a maximum, starts decreasing, and eventually changes to the opposite direction (decelerates) while the wind continues to blow in one direction. Results of a continuously stratified normal mode model and estimations from the observations suggest that friction at solid boundaries is a major cause of these phenomena. The model shows that modal currents of normal modes 2 and 3 are as important as mode 1, although the resultant vertical structure of total current shows a two-layer type pattern with only one zero crossing. The effect of the baroclinic pressure gradient is only apparent at low frequencies and among lower modes.  相似文献   

Surface geostrophic currents across the Antarctic circumpolar current in Drake Passage from 1992 to 2004     

Stuart Cunningham  Marko Pavic 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,73(3-4):296

The Southern Ocean plays an important role in the global overturning circulation as a significant proportion of deep water is converted into intermediate and deeper water masses in this region. Recently, a secular trend has been reported in wind stress around the Southern Ocean and it is thought theoretically that the strength of the ACC is closely related to wind stress, so one consequence should be a corresponding increase in ACC transport and hence changes in the rate of the global overturning. There are no long-term data sets of ACC transport and so we must examine other data that may also respond to changing wind stress. Here we calculate surface currents in Drake Passage every seven days over 11.25 years from 1992 to 2004. We combine surface velocity anomalies calculated from satellite altimeter sea surface heights with measured surface currents. Since 1992, the UK has regularly occupied WOCE hydrographic section SR1b across the ACC in Drake Passage. From seven hydrographic sections surface currents are estimated by referencing relative geostrophic velocities from CTD sections with current measurements made by shipboard and lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers. Combining the seven estimates of surface currents with the altimeter data reduces bias in the estimates of average currents over time through Drake Passage and we show that surface current anomalies estimated by satellite and in situ observations are in good agreement. The strongest surface currents are found in the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts with average speeds of 50 cm/s and 35 cm/s, respectively and are inversely correlated, so that maximum westward flow in one corresponds to minimum westward flow in the other. The average cross-sectional weighted surface velocity from 1992 to 2004 is 16.7 ± 0.2 cm/s. A spectral analysis of the average surface current has only weakly increasing energy at higher frequencies and there is no dominant mode of variability. The standard deviation of the seven day currents is 0.68 cm/s and a running 12 month average has only a slightly smaller standard deviation of 0.52 ± 0.16 cm/s. The southern annular mode (SAM) measures the circumpolar average of wind stress and like the surface currents its spectrum has slightly increased energy at frequencies greater than 1 cpy. A cospectral analysis of these, averaging cospectra of five slightly overlapping 36 month segments improve statistical reliability, suggests that there is coherence between them at 1 cpy with the currents leading changes in the Southern annular mode. We conclude that the SAM and average Drake Passage surface currents are weakly correlated with no dominant co-varying modes, and hence predicting Southern Ocean transport variability from the SAM is not likely to give significant results and that secular trends in surface currents are likely to be masked by weekly and interannual variability.  相似文献