青藏高原西部地表反射率的合成分析     

张鹏飞  李国平 《山地学报》2007,25(6):649-654

利用中(国)日(本)青藏高原陆面过程合作试验(GAME/Tibet)设立于青藏高原西部狮泉河和改则两地自动气象站(AW S)1997~1998年观测的大气、辐射和土壤等资料,计算了两地的逐时地表反射率,并进行了日平均、月平均和日合成分析,据此讨论了青藏高原西部地表反射率的若干变化特征,并在计算了对反射率影响最大的因子——太阳高度角的基础上,着重讨论了青藏高原西部地表反射率的日变化特征。结果表明:夏半年,由于降水使土壤湿度增大,植被生长、地表反射率值较低;冬半年,受土壤湿度减小、雪盖覆盖影响,地表反射率值较高,12月平均值可达0.5以上。而地表反射率的日变化特征表现为,清晨、黄昏地表反射率高,中午地表反射率低,大致呈U形曲线,与太阳高度角的变化相反。该工作有助于深入了解高原地区地表反射率的平均状况及其变化特征。  相似文献   

北京市区杂填土地基处理技术综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周军红  曹亮  马宏剑 《岩土工程技术》2007,21(2):94-100

北京市区存在许多杂填土回填地基,主要是人为挖沙等原因形成。该部分地基回填成分复杂,既有建筑垃圾、工业垃圾和生活垃圾,又有几者的混合,而且此种地基成层薄厚不一、具有湿陷性和负摩阻力、均匀性差、承载力低、压缩性高、不确定性成分大且无规律性,所以此种地基必须根据实际情况综合确定经济、适合和可靠的优化处理方案,进行地基处理后才能作为建(构)筑物地基。结合西南四环珠江绿苑工程,论述北京市区杂填土地基处理组合型(综合)技术,并通过试验结果和沉降观测资料分析多种地基处理技术相互结合在高层建筑中应用的效果,并得出结论。  相似文献   

The Composite Effect of Nanometer MnO2 Mixed with the Electrolytic MnO2     

杨超刘卓钦  田熙科皮振邦 王圣平 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2007,18(2):172-176

The nanometer MnO2 has outstanding electrochemical performance theoretically, but it is not suitable for actual utilization, which may result in capacity decrease and resource waste. In this study we have utilized the characterizations of the nanometer material, synthesized a type of nanometer α-MnO2 through KMnO4 and KNO3 with hydrothermal method, and mixed the products into micron electrolytic manganese dioxide （EMD） to enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode.The cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatical discharge measurements of the samples were investigated. It is found that the 50﹪ nanometer MnO2 mixed electrode has the best electrochemical performance. The electrochemical performance improvement mechanism of the sample nanometer MnO2 mixed into micron EMD was discussed. With the existence of electrolyte, the nanometer MnO2 particles filled into the interspaces of the micron EMD particles, the mass and charge transfer conditions of the electrode reaction were improved, and the electrode polarization was diminished.  相似文献   

青海省共和盆地周缘晚古生代镁铁质火山岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学及其地质意义   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

郭安林张国伟  孙延贵程顺有 强娟 《岩石学报》2007,23(4):747-754

青海省共和盆地周缘晚古生代镁铁质火山岩分属阿尼玛卿蛇绿混杂带,宗务隆构造带和苦海-赛什塘带。阿尼玛卿带正常洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)样品具有较高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(t)比值(0.7066～0.7084)、高的ε_(Nd)(t)(12.2～12.8)和较低的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb初始值(17.72～17.79)。这些同位素特征类似于秦岭勉略蛇绿岩带的N-MORB以及印度洋低~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb高~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd N-MORB。该带中的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值为0.7036～0.7044,ε_(Nd)(t)=4.4～4.8,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.45～17.62。其Sr和Nd同位素比值可与印度洋代表热点构造的洋岛玄武岩对比,但~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb低于印度洋的热点构造玄武岩,因此,具有类似印度洋低~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值MORB同位素特征。宗务隆构造带的N-MORB的Sr同位素比值在0.7041～0.7058,ε_(Nd)(t)=6.1～8.4,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.51～17.90,划归高~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值的N-MORB。苦海大陆裂谷玄武岩显示了高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr同位素比值(0.7115和0.7104)和低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-1.7和-2.5),其~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb(17.64和17.46)与上述大洋玄武质岩石无显著区别。上述各岩类的同位素特征反映了它们生成的构造环境和陆壳组分混染的程度。阿尼玛卿带的N-MORB代表了典型的来自亏损地幔源区的洋中脊产物。与勉略带同类岩石可能来自同一源区。OIB可能属于热点构造成因的洋岛产物并与MORB一起构成了阿尼玛卿洋洋壳。宗务隆带MORB同样代表了主要源自相对亏损地幔的洋脊产物并指示宗务隆带曾开裂成洋。苦海大陆裂谷玄武岩极高的Sr和低的Nd同位素比值是陆壳物质组分的强烈印记,这与该类火山岩发育在前寒武纪基底之上不无关系。结合本区大洋玄武岩普遍低的Nb/U和Ce/Pb比值,推测它们可能源自EMII与DMM物质的交代混合。按照习惯的想法,明显的Dupal异常(△~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值=46～103和△~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值=4～18;大多样品~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr>0.704)指示这些岩石在空间上代表了来自南半球印度洋位置的古洋壳残余。但是,北半球愈来愈多的Dupal异常的发现有可能指示它们是类似现今东南亚多洋岛构造历经"汇聚式(focused)俯冲"的产物。此外,宗务隆带MORB的Dupal异常指示本区古特提斯域的北界较先前所定还要北推200km。  相似文献   

秦岭造山带泥盆系形成构造环境：来自碎屑岩组成和地球化学方面的约束   总被引：4，自引：12，他引：4  

闫臻王宗起  王涛闫全人  肖文交李继亮韩芳林  陈隽璐 《岩石学报》2007,23(5):1023-1042

秦岭造山带中分布于商丹和勉略缝合带之间的泥盆系,发育有众多Au、Ag和Pb-Zn矿床,长期以来备受关注。对于泥盆系物源和形成环境认识始终存在不同认识。砂岩碎屑组成、碎屑重矿物、地球化学成分、砾岩组成以及古水流研究表明,北秦岭是秦岭泥盆系的主要物源区,盆地基底隆起也是泥盆系重要物源区。砂岩碎屑组成、碎屑重矿物和砾岩组成表明,泥盆系物源区曾出露有岛弧火山岩、花岗岩、变质岩及少量沉积岩、超镁铁岩。砂岩地球化学成分和砂岩碎屑模式研究表明,秦岭造山带中泥盆系主要形成于活动大陆边缘,其碎屑沉积物来自多种构造环境中的岩石单元。  相似文献   

浙江瑶坑碱性花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学及其成因与构造指示意义   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

肖娥邱检生  徐夕生蒋少涌  胡建李真 《岩石学报》2007,23(6):1431-1440

瑶坑岩体位于闽浙交界沿海地区,是闽浙沿海晚中生代 A 型花岗岩带中的一个典型碱性花岗岩体。锆石 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 同位素定年表明,该岩体的形成年龄为91.3±2.5 Ma(MSWD=3.7,2σ),属晚白垩世岩浆活动的产物。岩石发育特征的微文象结构和晶洞构造,含有典型的碱性铁镁矿物钠铁闪石。地球化学上,该岩体富硅、碱,贫钙、镁,富 K、Rb、Cs、Th、U,贫 Sr、Ba、P、Ti、Sc。其 Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf 和 Ga 等元素的含量也较高,(Ga/Al)×10~4值变化于3.64～4.41,并具显著的铕负异常(δEu=0.15～0.20)。与闽浙沿海 A 型花岗岩带中的其它岩体相比,瑶坑岩体具有偏高的ε_(Nd)(t)值(=-0.7～-1.4)和偏低的二阶段 Nd 模式年龄(t_(2DM)=0.95Ga～1.01Ga),指示幔源组分对该岩体的形成具有更重要的贡献。在 A 型花岗岩亚类的判别上,瑶坑岩体以较低的 Y/Nb 比值和较高的 Nb/Ta 比值相似于 Eby(1992)区分的 A_1型花岗岩,而明显有别于岩带主体属A_2型的特点。岩石产出构造背景及地球化学特征的综合分析表明,多组深断裂交汇,进而引发多量幔源组分参与成岩过程,是导致瑶坑岩体元素-同位素组成与区内其它同类岩体有较明显差别的主要原因。  相似文献   

江西永平铜矿花岗质岩石的岩石结构、地球化学特征及其成矿意义   总被引：2，自引：7，他引：2  

李晓峰  Yasushi  Watanabe  屈文俊 《岩石学报》2007,23(10):2353-2365

江西永平铜矿位于华南怀玉山—北武夷山铜铅锌多金属成矿带内,是赣东北地区除了德兴铜矿外的另一个大型铜矿基地。该矿区存在两种类型的花岗质岩石,一种是花岗岩;另一种是英安斑岩。英安斑岩具有典型斑状结构和石英眼结构,而花岗岩则具有单向固结结构。在化学成分上,两者属于高钾的钙碱性系列岩石,英安斑岩贫硅、富Al、Fe、Mg、Ca,以及具有较大的Na_2O/K_2O(0.02～0.64)等特点;而花岗岩富硅、贫Al、Ca,以及富碱和具有较小的Na_2O/K_2O(0.02～0.03)等特点。两种类型的岩石具有一致的REE配分曲线。它们均富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Rb、K),亏损高场强元素(Th、Nd、Ta、Ti)以及元素Sr和P,显示了与俯冲作用有关的岩浆作用。在结构和化学成分上,花岗岩则类似于美国Climax斑岩钼(铜)矿成矿斑岩的性质(如具有单向固结结构、较高的分异指数、富Si、贫Al、Ca、富Na_2O K_2O以及K_2O>Na_2O)。与英安斑岩有关的蚀变作用主要有夕卡岩化、黑云母化、白云母化、绿泥石化和萤石化,而与花岗岩有关的蚀变作用主要是白云母化和萤石化;相应地,与英安斑岩有关的成矿作用主要为铜,而与花岗岩有关的成矿作用则主要为钼。2件辉钼矿样品的Re-Os年龄分别为156.7±2.8Ma和155.7±3.6Ma,表明与花岗岩有关的钼成矿作用发生在156Ma左右。本文认为,永平铜钼矿的成矿地球动力学背景应是由挤压向伸展的转换环境。  相似文献   

Geodynamic settings and tectonic model of skarn gold deposits in China: An overview   总被引：47，自引：0，他引：47  

Yan-Jing Chen  Hua-Yong Chen  Khin Zaw  Franco Pirajno  Zeng-Jie Zhang 《Ore Geology Reviews》2007,31(1-4):139-169

Seventy skarn-type gold deposits, including 1 super-large, 19 large and 24 medium-sized, are known from different geotectonic units of China. They contain a total resource of approximately 1000 t of gold (625 t in South China), and account for 20% of China's gold reserves. These skarn deposits are sited in collisional orogenic belts, fault-controlled magmatic belts and reactivated cratonic margins. All of the Chinese skarn gold provinces were affected by Phanerozoic collisional orogenesis. The timing of the metallogenic events and the spatial–temporal distribution of the Chinese skarn gold deposits indicates that they were formed during ore-forming processes linked to the transition from shortening to extension in the geodynamic evolution of a collision orogen, and not to subduction systems as is commonly advocated for porphyry copper systems around the Pacific Rim.  相似文献   

An early Paleoproterozoic high-K intrusive complex in southwestern Tarim Block, NW China: Age, geochemistry, and tectonic implications   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

Chuan-Lin Zhang  Zheng-Xiang Li  Xian-Hua Li  Hai-Feng Yu  Hai-Ming Ye 《Gondwana Research》2007,12(1-2):101

Systematic geochronologic, geochemical, and Nd isotopic analyses were carried out for an early Paleoproterozoic high-K intrusive complex exposed in southwestern Tarim, NW China. The results provide a better understanding of the Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Tarim Block. Zircon U–Pb age dating indicates two Paleoproterozoic magmatic episodes occurring at ca. 2.41 Ga and ca. 2.34 Ga respectively, which were followed by a ca. 1.9 Ga metamorphic event. The 2.41 Ga granodiorite–adamellite suite shares characteristics of late to post-orogenic metaluminous A-type granites in its high alkalinity (Na₂O + K₂O = 7.6–9.3%), total REE (410–788 ppm), Zr (370–660 ppm), and Y (21.7–58.4 ppm) contents. εNd(t) values for the suite range from − 3.22 to − 4.71 and accordingly the Nd modal ages (T_2DM) vary between 3.05 Ga and 3.17 Ga. Based on geochemical data, the 2.34 Ga suite can be subdivided into two sub-suites, namely A-type and S-type. However, both types have comparable Nd isotope compositions (εNd(t) ≈ − 0.41 to − 2.08) and similar narrow T_2DM ranges (2.76–2.91 Ga).Geochemical and Nd isotopic data for the high-K intrusive complex, in conjunction with the regional geological setting, suggest that both the 2.41 Ga suite and the 2.34 Ga A-type sub-suite might have been produced by partial melting of the Archean mafic crust in a continental rift environment. The S-type sub-suite is thought to have formed by partial melting of felsic pelites and/or metagreywackes recycled from Archean crust (TTG?). Gabbro enclaves with positive εNd(t) value (2.15) have been found to be intermingling within the 2.34 Ga suite; ca. 2.34–2.36 Ga gabbroic dykes and adamellites have previously been documented in eastern Tarim. These observations indicate that the high-K intrusions may reflect the emergence of depleted mantle upwelling beneath the Tarim Block at that time. We suggest a three-stages model for the Precambrian crustal evolution in the Tarim Block: (1) the formation of proto-crust (TTG) by ca. 2.5 Ga, (2) episodes of felsic magmatism possibly occurring in continental rift environments at ca. 2.41 Ga and ca. 2.34–2.36 Ga, and (3) ca. 1.9 Ga metamorphism that may represent the solidification of the Precambrian basement of the Tarim Block.  相似文献   

Fluids migration and dynamics of a blocks-and-faults system     

A.M. Gabrielov  V.I. Keilis-Borok  V. Pinsky  O.M. Podvigina  A. Shapira  V.A. Zheligovsky   《Tectonophysics》2007,429(3-4):229-251

We explore the impact of fluids migrating through a fault network on the dynamics of lithosphere, both on slow movements and seismicity. For that purpose fluids in the fault zones are incorporated into modelling of blocks-and-faults systems, which takes into account driving forces and the system's geometry. Simulations have been performed for two-dimensional models: an idealised “brick wall” structure, and a coarse image of Sinai Subplate. Migrating fluids originating in different locations are considered, as well as fluids trapped in closed pockets. Basic features of the modelled and observed seismicity are in good accord, as shown by comparison with the earthquake catalog compiled by Geophysical Institute of Israel.  相似文献