红海湾表层沉积物铅、锌污染的判断与分析     

甘居利  贾晓平  林钦 《广东海洋大学学报》2000,20(2):20-23

以镍作自然参比元素 ,用元素相关图法分析了南海东北部红海湾表层沉积物中铅、锌含量的分布和污染状况。结果表明 :红海湾已经受到人为来源的铅、锌影响 ,但其影响的范围和强度目前尚小 ,仅在湾顶河口浅水区有轻微污染 ,湾中部养殖区、南部自然水域和湾口礁滩护养增殖区尚未受到人为来源的铅、锌影响。元素相关图提供了有关污染区域、污染点、污染物和污染强度等的总信息  相似文献   

Biosorption of Cd (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) Ions by Aqueous Solutions of Novel Alkalophillic Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. Biomass     

Kumar Saurav  Krishnan Kannabiran 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(1):61-66

Discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment. Biosorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive biomass of microbial organisms is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of these pollutants from aqueous solution. The search of marine actinobacteria with potential heavy metal biosorption ability resulted in the identification of a novel alkalophilic Streptomyces VITSVK5 species. The biosorption property of Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. was investigated by absorbing heavy metals Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Physiochemical characteristics and trace metal concentration analysis of the backwater showed the concentrations of different metals were lead 13±2.1 μg L⁻¹, cadmium 3.1±0.3μg L⁻¹, zinc 8.4±2.6μg L⁻¹ and copper 0.3±0.1μg L⁻¹, whereas mercury was well below the detection limit. The effect of pH and biomass dosage on removal efficiency of heavy metal ions was also investigated. The optimum pH for maximal biosorption was 4.0 for Cd (II) and 5.0 for Pb (II) with 41% and 84% biosorption respectively. The biosorbent dosage was optimized as 3 g L-1 for both the trace metals. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum results indicated the chemical interactions of hydrogen atoms in carboxyl (-COOH), hydroxyl (-CHOH) and amine (-NH₂) groups of biomass with the metal ions. This could be mainly involved in the biosorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) onto Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. The results of our study revealed Streptomyces metabolites could be used to develop a biosorbent for adsorbing metal ions from aqueous environments.  相似文献   

土壤重金属地球化学特征及环境评价——以张北县二台镇为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李航  谭科艳  张隆隆  袁欣  朱晓华  王玉  蔡敬怡 《地球学报》2022,43(5):665-675

张家口北部坝上草原地区属于典型的半干旱草原牧区,近年来受到人为活动影响,土地荒漠化加剧,草原生态系统受损严重。本研究依据张北县二台镇土地利用现状边界布设了136个土壤采样点,测定了土壤21个指标。运用主成分分析法与GIS空间插值(IDW)方法来分析土壤中重金属元素的空间迁移富集与分异机理,并采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法对表层土壤9种重金属元素(Cd、Hg、Mn、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni和As)污染程度、生态风险进行评价。结果显示:研究区9种重金属元素土壤环境质量单指标等级评价以一等、低风险土壤为主。根据因子分析和主成分分析,Hg、Pb受人类活动及成土母质控制,其余7种元素均受成土母质的控制。地累积指数结果显示, 9种重金属元素除Hg以外地累积指数均小于0,总体为无污染等级,Hg为中污染等级。潜在生态危害指数结果显示Hg和Cd为潜在危害元素,其中Hg整体达到很强生态危害程度,Cd达到中等生态危害程度,其他元素为轻微生态危害程度。重金属综合生态危害指数(RI)表明在研究区七间窑村—哈拉勿素村以西地区为中等生态危害风险区,其余地区为轻微生态危害风险区。  相似文献   

新庄孜矿塌陷区煤矸石中重金属迁移对覆土影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

邵群 《煤田地质与勘探》2007,35(6):34-36

针对淮南新庄孜矿覆土造地中煤矸石填充带来的重金属元素迁移污染进行了研究。结果表明:煤矸石中有毒元素Pb、As、Cd、Hg向覆土有一定迁移,且距离煤矸石越近的土壤中重金属含量明显增高;虽然覆土中重金属含量均超过淮南土壤的均值,但是该土壤中Pb、As和Cd含量均符合国家二级标准;其中土壤中Hg含量分别符合国家一级标准和二级标准。须对覆土中重金属元素进行跟踪研究。   相似文献   

Micro-scale sulfur isotope and chemical variations in sphalerite from the Bleiberg Pb-Zn deposit,Eastern Alps,Austria     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Bleiberg Pb-Zn deposit in the Drau Range is the type locality of Alpine-type carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits. Its origin has been the subject of on-going controversy with two contrasting genetic models proposed: (1) the SEDEX model, with ore forming contemporaneously with sedimentation of the Triassic host rocks at about 220 Ma vs. (2) the epigenetic MVT model, with ores forming after host rock sedimentation at about 200 Ma or later. Both models assume that, on a deposit or even district scale, a fixed paragenetic sequence of ore minerals can be established. The results of our detailed petrographic, chemical and sulfur isotope study of two key ore-samples from two major ore horizons in the Wetterstein Formation at Bleiberg (EHK02 Erzkalk horizon and Blb17 Maxer Bänke horizon) demonstrate that there is no fixed paragenetic sequence of ore minerals. Small-scale non-systematic variations are recorded in textures, sphalerite chemistry and δ³⁴S. In each sample, texturally different sphalerite types (colloform schalenblende, fine- and coarse-grained crystalline sphalerite) co-occur on a millimeter to centimeter scale. These sphalerites represent multiple mineralization stages/pulses since they differ in their trace element inventory and in their δ³⁴S. Nonetheless, there is some correspondence of sphalerite micro-textures, sulfur isotope and chemical composition between the two samples, with microcrystalline colloform schalenblende being Fe-rich, having high Fe/Cd (15 and 9, respectively) and a light sulfur isotope composition (δ³⁴S −26.0 to −16.2‰). Cadmium-rich and Fe-poor sphalerite in both samples has relatively heavier sulfur isotope composition: in sample EHK02 this sphalerite has Fe/Cd of ∼0.5 and δ³⁴S from −6.6 to −4.6‰; in sample Blb17 Fe/Cd is ∼0.1 and δ³⁴S ranges from −15.0 to −1.5‰. Barite, which is restricted to sample EHK02, has δ³⁴S ≈ 17‰. The large variations in δ³⁴S recorded on the mm to cm-scale is consistent with variable contributions of reduced sulfur from two different sulfur reservoirs. The dominant reservoir with δ³⁴S values <−20‰ likely results from local bacteriogenic sulfate reduction (BSR), whereas the second reservoir, with δ³⁴S about −5‰ suggests a hydrothermal source likely linked with thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Based on this small- to micro-scale study, no simple, deposit-wide paragenetic and sulfur isotope evolution with time can be established. In the Erzkalk ore (sample EHK02) an earlier Pb-Zn-Ba stage, characterized by heavy sulfur isotope values, is succeeded by a light δ³⁴S-dominated Zn-Pb-F stage. In contrast, the several mineralization pulses identified in the stratiform Zn-Pb-F Maxer Bänke ore (sample Blb17) define a broad trend to heavier sulfur isotope values with time. The interaction documented in these samples between two sulfur reservoirs is considered a key mechanism of ore formation.  相似文献   

Heavy metal transport in large river systems: heavy metal emissions and loads in the Rhine and Elbe river basins     

Rona Vink  Horst Behrendt 《水文研究》2002,16(16):3227-3244

Pollutant transport and management in the Rhine and Elbe basins is still of international concern, since certain target levels set by the international committees for protection of both rivers have not been reached. The analysis of the chain of emissions of point and diffuse sources to river loads will provide policy makers with a tool for effective management of river basins. The analysis of large river basins such as the Elbe and Rhine requires information on the spatial and temporal characteristics of both emissions and physical information of the entire river basin. In this paper, an analysis has been made of heavy metal emissions from various point and diffuse sources in the Rhine and Elbe drainage areas. Different point and diffuse pathways are considered in the model, such as inputs from industry, wastewater treatment plants, urban areas, erosion, groundwater, atmospheric deposition, tile drainage, and runoff. In most cases the measured heavy metal loads at monitoring stations are lower than the sum of the heavy metal emissions. This behaviour in large river systems can largely be explained by retention processes (e.g. sedimentation) and is dependent on the specific runoff of a catchment. Independent of the method used to estimate emissions, the source apportionment analysis of observed loads was used to determine the share of point and diffuse sources in the heavy metal load at a monitoring station by establishing a discharge dependency. The results from both the emission analysis and the source apportionment analysis of observed loads were compared and gave similar results. Between 51% (for Hg) and 74% (for Pb) of the total transport in the Elbe basin is supplied by inputs from diffuse sources. In the Rhine basin diffuse source inputs dominate the total transport and deliver more than 70% of the total transport. The diffuse hydrological pathways with the highest share are erosion and urban areas. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

原子荧光法测定天然矿泉水及地下水中的痕量锗     

赵辉  马欣 《国土资源》1992,(3)

将地下水及矿泉水水样蒸发浓缩后,于10％磷酸介质中,利用无色散原子荧光法的原理,选择了XDY—Ⅱ型原子荧光光度计仪器的最佳工作条件,试验了各种条件对锗测定结果的影响。测定结果表明,该方法的检出限为6.69μg/l,相对标准偏差为4.5％,锗的回收率为96.45％—105.0％。本法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于大批量天然矿泉水及地下水中痕量锗的测定。  相似文献   

表生地球化学研究若干方面现状     

马民涛  关广岳 《国土资源》1994,(Z1)

表生地球化学研究十分广泛。表生地质地球化学的研究包括有表生地球化学过程中各种动力学模型的研究，微生物对各种元素地球化学循环的控制作用及机理研究，岩石风化过程中定量指标的研究与应用，稀土元素在表生作用过程中的地球化学行为及有机质在表生矿产特别是金属矿产成矿机制中的作用的研究。上述诸方面的研究近年来已取得了不少新的成果，对表生矿产的形成机制及合理地开发和利用作出了应有的贡献。  相似文献   

广东南部地理景观中土壤重金属垂直分异及其地球化学分层性     

洪继华  章申 《地理研究》1988,7(4):21-31

本文研究热带亚热带土壤中重金属分布的垂直分异及其分层性特征.土壤剖面中,水溶态、可交换态和有机结合态的重金属浓度自上层向底层降低.水溶态和有机结合态重金属的分布与有机质一致,而与pH值相反.Fe-Mn氧化物结合态的重金属分布与粘粒一致.残渣态分布的差异极小.  相似文献   

Groundwaters of Florence (Italy): Trace element distribution and vulnerability of the aquifers     

A. Bencini  R. Ercolanelli  A. Sbaragli  C. Verrucchi 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(3):193-200

Geochemical and hydrogeological research has been carried out on 109 wells in the alluvial plain of Florence, in order to evaluate conductivity and main chemistry of ground waters, the pattern of some possible pollutant chemical species (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, NO₂, NO₃), and the vulnerability of the aquifers. The plain is made up of Plio-Quaternary alluvial and lacustrine sediments for a maximum thickness of 600 m. Silts and clays, sometimes with lenses of sandy gravels, are dominant, while considerable deposits of sands, pebbles, and gravels occur along the course of the Arno river and its tributary streams, and represent the most important aquifer of the plain. The groundwaters analyzed belong to this aquifer or to the smaller ones, hosted in the gravel lenses. Most waters show conductivity values around 1000–1200 S, and almost all of them have an alkaline-earth-bicarbonate chemical character; these features are consistent with the mainly calcareous lithology of the aquifers. In the western areas a higher salt content of the groundwaters is evident, probably related to the presence of industrial activities which use water desalinators. Heavy metal and NO₂, NO₃ analyses point out that no important pollution phenomena affect the groundwaters; all the mean values of the chemical considered species are below the maximum admissible concentration (MAC) fixed by the European Community for drinkable waters. Nevertheless, some anomalies of NO₂, NO₃, Fe, Mn, and Zn are present in the plain. Apart from Mn, which seems to be released by certain calcareous gravels, the other anomalies have a local influence, since they disappear even in the nearest wells. The most plausible causes can be recognized in losses of the sewage system (NO₂=3–4 mg/t); use of nitrate compounds in agriculture (NO₃=60–70 mg/l); oxidation of well pipes (Fe 20 mg/l; Zn 6 mg/l). As regards Cr, Cu, and Pb, all the observations are below the MAC; therefore, the median values of < 3, 3.9, and 1.1 g/l, respectively, could be considered reference concentrations for groundwaters circulating in calcareous lithotypes, under undisturbed natural conditions. Finally, a map of vulnerability related to the most superficial and important aquifer has been elaborated on the basis of thickness and permeability of the covers. The map shows that the areas near the Arno river are highly vulnerable, for the minimum thickness (or lacking) of sediments covering the aquifer. On the other hand, in the case of pollution, several factors not considered in the map could significantly increase the self-purification capacity of the aquifer, such as the dilution of groundwaters caused by the feeding of the rivers, the bacteria oxidation of nitrogenous species, and the sorption capacity of clay minerals and organic matter with respect to trace metals.  相似文献