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101.
J. Fischer M.L. Luhman S. Satyapal M.A. Greenhouse G.J. Stacey C.M. Bradford S.D. Lord J.R. Brauher S.J. Unger P.E. Clegg H.A. Smith G. Melnick J.W. Colbert M.A. Malkan L. Spinoglio P. Cox V. Harvey J.-P Suter V. Strelnitski 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1999,266(1-2):91-98
Based on far-infrared spectroscopy of a small sample of nearbyinfrared-bright and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) with theISO Long Wavelength Spectrometer we find adramatic progression in ionic/atomic fine-structure emission line andmolecular/atomic absorption line characteristics in these galaxiesextending from strong [O III]52,88 m and [N III]57 m lineemission to detection of only faint [C II]158 m line emissionfrom gas in photodissociation regions in the ULIRGs. The molecularabsorption spectra show varying excitation as well, extending fromgalaxies in which the molecular population mainly occupies the groundstate to galaxies in which there is significant population in higherlevels. In the case of the prototypical ULIRG, the merger galaxy Arp220, the spectrum is dominated by absorption lines of OH, H2O, CH,and [O I]. Low [O III]88 m line flux relative to the integratedfar-infrared flux correlates with low excitation and does not appear tobe due to far-infrared extinction or to density effects. A progressiontoward soft radiation fields or very dusty H II regions may explainthese effects. 相似文献
102.
It has been shown in the past that the interval-NMO velocity and the non-ellipticity parameter largely control the P-wave reflection time moveout of VTI media. To invert for these two parameters, one needs either reasonably large offsets, or some structure in the subsurface in combination with relatively mild lateral velocity variation.This paper deals with a simulation of an inversion approach, building on the assumption that accurately measured V
NMO, as defined by small offset asymptotics for a particular reflector, were available. Instead of such measurements we take synthetically computed data. First, an isotropic model is constructed which explains these V
NMO. Subsequently, residual moveout in common image gathers is modelled by ray tracing (replacing real data), along with its sensitivity for changes in the interval-NMO velocity and the non-ellipticity parameter under the constraint that V
NMO is preserved. This enables iterative updating of the non-ellipticity parameter and the interval-NMO velocity in a layer that can be laterally inhomogeneous.This approach is successfully applied for a mildly dipping reflector at the bottom of a layer with laterally varying medium parameters. With the exact V
NMO assumed to be given, lateral inhomogeneity and anisotropy can be distinguished for such a situation. However, for another example with a homogeneous VTI layer overlying a curved reflector with dip up to 30°, there appears to be an ambiguity which can be understood by theoretical analysis. Consistently with existing theory using the NMO-ellipse, the presented approach is successfully applied to the latter example if V
NMO in the strike direction is combined with residual moveout in dip direction. 相似文献
103.
Efficient, robust simulation of groundwater flow in the unsaturated zone remains computationally expensive, especially for problems characterized by sharp fronts in both space and time. Standard approaches that employ uniform spatial and temporal discretizations for the numerical solution of these problems lead to inefficient and expensive simulations. In this work, we solve Richards’ equation using adaptive methods in both space and time. Spatial adaption is based upon a coarse grid solve and a gradient error indicator using a fixed-order approximation. Temporal adaption is accomplished using variable order, variable step size approximations based upon the backward difference formulas up to fifth order. Since the advantages of similar adaptive methods in time are now established, we evaluate our method by comparison with a uniform spatial discretization that is adaptive in time for four different one-dimensional test problems. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method provides a robust and efficient alternative to standard approaches for simulating variably saturated flow in one spatial dimension. 相似文献
104.
105.
“05.6”广西持续性大暴雨成因分析 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
利用常规资料、T213初始场及6h预报场、卫星云图等资料,用中尺度分析方法,并配合诊断分析,对广西“05.6”持续性大暴雨成因进行了初步探讨。结果表明:这次过程是在稳定的大尺度环流形势和有利的物理量场条件下发生,是大、中尺度天气系统相互作用的结果,具有典型的中尺度性质,表现出强降雨的不均匀性、突发性和局地性,是中尺度天气系统活动的结果。 相似文献
106.
比例边界有限元法最初应用于土-结构的相互作用分析,经过近几年的完善和发展,如今已经能够应用到其他很多领域。但是因为比例边界有限元理论是基于相似性要求的,使得其在处理几何形状复杂的结构时,会有很大的局限性,从而在某些领域的应用仍旧受到限制。同时由于其全时空耦合,导致大量计算量和工作量,也是其应用受限的一个原因。采用子结构法,打破这些局限性,并且分别针对有限域、无限域的问题,对比例边界有限元子结构法进行了研究,得出了有利于比例边界有限元法在工程实践中应用的结论,为其在实际工程应用中提供了可靠的依据和规律。 相似文献
107.
Two high-sensitivity imaging gamma-ray telescopes, MACE and TACTIC, are being set up at Mt. Abu, India, for making detailed spectral and temporal investigations of galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray sources in the photon energy bands. E 20–200 GeV and 0.5–5TeV respectively. Here, we estimate the effective red-shift ranges of these telescopes for detecting gamma-ray signals from the EGRET-detected AGN's and identify the most likely candidate-sources for detection by the MACE and the TACTIC, under the assumption that the EGRET-inferred power-law spectra for these AGN's extend into the GeV-TeV range without any change in shape. Extremum bounds of the relevant intergalactic background radiation fields, suggested by various observational and theoretical considerations, have been used to estimate the attenuation of VHE gamma-ray fluxes due to photon-photon pair-production process, leading to the desired z-ranges for these instruments. 相似文献
108.
随机介质理论在深基坑稳定性分析中的应用 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
使用矿业工程中广为应用的随机介质理论和方法,计算深基坑开挖引起的地表及土体变形,并据此探讨深基坑边坡的稳定性。 相似文献
109.
张北6.2级地震发生在小震条带上 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6
分析晋、冀、蒙交界地区的地震分布格局,发现张北地震前存在小地震条带。条带由20余年持续发生的小震组成,与华北地壳应力场最大剪切应力方向相同,是燕山-渤海地震构造带的西延段落。6.2级强震发生在条的东端。文中讨论了张北地震地点预测失误的原因,提出采用地震学和地震地质学交叉,融合的思路,分析观今小地震活动图象、震源机制资料,从构造学,运动学,动力学角度,研究地壳深部地震构造的方法。 相似文献
110.
We examine the effects of cooling flows on the T X – L Bol relation for a sample of the most X-ray luminous ( L Bol > 1045 erg s−1 ) clusters of galaxies known. Using high-quality ASCA X-ray spectra and ROSAT images we explicitly account for the effects of cooling flows on the X-ray properties of the clusters and show that this reduces the previously noted dispersion in the T X – L Bol relationship. More importantly, the slope of the relationship is flattened from L Bol ∝ T 3 X to approximately L Bol ∝ T 2 X , in agreement with recent theoretical models which include the effects of shocks and pre-heating on the X-ray gas. We find no evidence for evolution in the T X – L Bol relation within z ∼ 0.3. Our results demonstrate that the effects of cooling flows must be accounted for before cosmological parameters can be determined from X-ray observations of clusters. The results presented here should provide a reliable basis for modelling the T X – L Bol relation at high X-ray luminosities. 相似文献