Paleoceanographic changes of surface and deep water based on oxygen and carbon isotope records during the last 130 kyr identified in MD179 cores,off Joetsu,Japan Sea     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

We reconstructed the paleoenvironmental history of surface and deep water over the last 130 kyr from oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of planktonic and benthic foraminifera in two cores (MD179-3312 and MD179-3304) from the Joetsu Basin, eastern margin of the Japan Sea. Our data showed that paleoceanographic changes such as influx of surface currents and vertical circulation were associated with global glacial–interglacial sea level change. Surface water conditions were influenced by the influx of Tsushima Current, East China Sea coastal or off-shore waters through the Tsushima Strait during interglacial or interstadial stages, and strongly affected by freshwater input during the glacial maximum. During interglacial maximums such as Marine Isotope Stages 1 and 5e, development of well-oxygenated bottom water was indicated. A density-stratified ocean with weak ventilation was inferred from the isotopic records of benthic foraminifera during the Last Glacial Maximum. Local negative excursions in carbon isotopes during deglacial or interglacial periods may suggest the dissolution of gas hydrates or methane seep activities.  相似文献   

Distributions and vertical variation patterns of sound speed of surface sediments in South China Sea     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

The distributions of sound speed show different characteristics in continental shelf, continental slope and Nansha Trough. The differences have closely related to the distributions of sediment physical properties in the southern South China Sea. According to the analysis of sound speeds and physical properties variation characteristics with buried depth, the vertical variations of sound speed are closely related to sediment texture, sedimentary environment, transport, erosion, compaction, consolidation, etc. The comparison results indicate 3 vertical variation patterns of sound speed: increasing model, invariant model and complicate variation model. The above 3 variation models represent the vertical distribution characteristics of sound speed in different depositional environments. Different variation patterns have different key factors which generally contain porosity or grain size. The calculated sound speeds with Buckingham’s theory of compressional waves in fluid-like marine sediments follows the trend of measured speeds accurately.  相似文献   

青海玉树Mw6.9级地震震源破裂过程     

王洵  周云  孙蒙  王卫民 《地质通报》2014,33(4):517-523

针对2010年青海玉树藏族自治州发生的Mw6.9(Ms7.1)级地震,利用地震波形资料和InSAR获取的同震位移资料,根据同震形成的地表位移干涉图,构建三段式断层模型,反演重建地震的破裂过程。研究显示本次地震断层面走向为119°,倾角79°,滑动角-2.2°,最大滑动量达到200cm,震源深度12.5km,地震标量地震矩为2.18×1026dyn·cm。震源破裂特征表明,玉树地震主要是沿甘孜—玉树断裂发生的左旋走滑破裂事件,反映了印度板块向北的推挤作用下,青藏高原东部不同次级块体东向不均匀挤出的运动学特征。  相似文献   

Shear behaviour of fractured rock as a function of size and shear displacement     

A.A. Giwelli  K. Sakaguchi  A. Gumati  K. Matsuki 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2014,9(4):253-264

This paper presents laboratory results regarding the shear behaviour of an artificial tensile fracture generated in granite. We used a direct shear rig to test fractures of different sizes (from 100 mm to 200 mm) under various shear displacements up to 20 mm and cyclic shear stresses with constant normal stress of 10 MPa. To determine the evolution of surface damage and aperture during shear, cyclic loading was performed at designated shear displacements. These changes in the surfaces topography were measured with a laser profilometer ‘non-contact surface profile measurement system’. In addition, changes were also measured directly by using pressure-sensitive film.

The results showed that the standard deviation (SD) of the initial aperture of the sheared fracture significantly increases with both shear displacement and size, which result in an increase in the non-linearity of the closure curve (since the matedness of the fracture surfaces decreases with shear displacement). Therefore, we concluded that shear dilation is not only governed by the surfaces sliding over each other, but is also strongly influenced by the non-linearity of closure with shear displacement. Furthermore, while the shear stiffness of the fracture during the initial stage decreases with fracture size, it increases with fracture size in the residual stage. This can be attributed to the fact that only small asperities with short wavelengths were mainly damaged by shearing. Moreover the result showed that the damaged zones enlarge and localise with shear displacement, and eventually tend to form perpendicular to the shear displacement.  相似文献   

连云港某软土基坑滑坡分析与整治方法研究     

卢世英  张德军  袁传军 《江苏地质》2014,38(2):324-327

针对连云港某软土基坑围护不当导致的基坑滑坡事故,采用钻探、取样、室内试验、水平位移监测等手段,查明基坑侧壁软土的物理、力学性质,分析滑坡产生的原因,通过多种方法综合确定基坑侧壁软土滑动带的位置,提出滑坡整治措施,并对整治结果进行分析验证。  相似文献   

不同固化材料垫层在黄土中隔水能力及其垂直扩散特性     

谌文武  王圣麟  李晓媛  杜昱民  杨光 《工程地质学报》2014,22(5):779-784

黄土作为地基材料时由于其湿陷性容易出现失稳现象,利用固化剂垫层改良黄土地基水稳性和强度的技术被广泛使用。本文主要通过在黄土中分别加入石灰、水泥和粉煤灰固化剂垫层的方法进行加固,测定了在垂直方向上各处的含水率、密度、干密度、土颗粒比表面积(SSA)及阳离子交换能力(CEC)的变化。试验表明石灰、水泥和粉煤灰垫层可以影响10～15cm范围内相邻土层含水率、密度、比表面积和阳离子交换能力,改变土质结构,提高土体的水稳性。改性后的土体越靠近固化剂垫层,含水率、SSA和CEC越小而密度越大。其中,石灰垫层效果最好,它能将黄土中含水率减小超过4%,密度增加1.0～1.5g cm-3,粉煤灰作用次之,水泥最弱。此外,试样土颗粒比表面积(SSA)与阳离子交换能力(CEC)存在线性递增的关系,本次试验中,3个试样中SSA与CEC之比均稳定于6.5～7.5之间。  相似文献   

Analytical solutions for consolidation aided by vertical drains     

《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(1):63-71

Soil disturbance caused during the installation of vertical drains reduces the in situ hydraulic conductivity of soft deposits in the immediate vicinity of the drains, resulting in a slower rate of consolidation than would be expected in the absence of disturbance. Experimental investigations have revealed the existence of two distinct zones, a smear zone and a transition zone, within the disturbed zone around the vertical drain. The degree of change in the hydraulic conductivity in the smear and transition zones is difficult to assess without performing of laboratory tests. Based on the available literature, four different profiles of hydraulic conductivity versus distance from the vertical drain were identified. Closed-form solutions for the rate of consolidation for each of these four hydraulic conductivity profiles were developed. It is found that different variations of the hydraulic conductivity profiles in the disturbed zone result in different rates of consolidation.  相似文献   

利用GPS观测资料分析2008年于田Ms7.3地震的同震位移及震后形变   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王凡  陈为涛  王敏  沈正康  王阎昭  万永革 《地球物理学报》2011,54(9):2250-2255

2008年3月21日新疆于田发生Ms7.3级地震.本文通过处理、分析GPS数据,得到破裂断层北侧100 km附近的同震位移及震后形变信息.在观测区域GPS点监测到10 mm左右的同震位移,其中最大为南向14 mm,东向5 mm.同震位移呈现一致性的东南向运动特征,证实于田地震存在显著的左旋走滑分量.震后台站向西南方向运...  相似文献   

广东气候变暖若干特征及其对气候带变化的影响   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17  

陈新光  钱光明  陈特固  李春梅  余克服 《热带气象学报》2006,22(6):547-552

对广东省近50年的气温资料统计结果表明，广东省陆面气温增暖率为0．16℃／10年，低于全国和全球陆面增暖率；气候变暖的时空特征表现为冬季和春季明显大于夏季和秋季，沿海地区明显大于内陆地区，气候带向北移动的趋向明显，北热带区域面积在扩大，南亚热带区域面积在缩小，中亚热带区面积相对稳定。分析认为，在全球气候变暖的背景下，广东气候变暖具有地方性特征，主要是受大气环流、海温和人类活动等方面的综合影响。  相似文献   

东亚中高纬土壤温度资料评估与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于忠达  周广庆  周筠珺 《大气科学》2017,41(1):147-166

本文以一套俄罗斯土壤温度历史观测资料RHSTD为基础,分析了四套土壤温度产品[ERA-Interim再分析资料、两套陆面模式离线运行产品ERA-Interim/Land（简称ERA-Land）和MERRA-Land、以及一套二十世纪再分析资料NOAA-CIRES 20CR]在东亚中高纬的可靠性,并重点关注春夏季,主要结论如下:观测地温在0~2 m波动较大,随季节在0℃上下摆动,而2 m以下地温稳定少变,并且在60°N以北地区出现永久冻结。四套地温产品较好地反映了这些特征。无论春夏,还是年平均,四套地温产品气候态都呈“南暖北冷”的特征,但ERA-Land的空间分布与观测最接近。就季节循环而言,ERA-Land最能反映该地区土壤的冻融过程和土壤温度的季节演变。四套地温产品年际变率（标准差）与观测的差异随季节和土壤层变化大,情况比较复杂。就年际变化趋势而言,四套地温产品与观测的相关性,夏季好于春季,表层好于深层,并且ERA-Land土壤温度拥有四套地温产品最多的共性,最能反映观测地温的年际变化。  相似文献