Water exchange of the Stockholm archipelago—a cascade framework modelling approach     

Anders Engqvist  Oleg Andrejev 《Journal of Sea Research》2003,49(4):275

The Stockholm archipelago spans roughly a semicircular area with a radius of approximately 60 km, traditionally partitioned into three parts: the inner, the middle and the outer archipelago. This subdivision coincides with differing water exchange regimes. The inner and middle archipelagos are characterised by comparatively larger basins which are interconnected by a limited number of straits. This configuration is well suited for a discrete basin (DB-) model approach by partitioning the area into a set of sub-basins that are only resolved vertically. The advantage of this approach over 3D-models is the possibility for enhanced vertical resolution and improved strait exchange formulation, outweighing the disadvantage of neglected horizontal gradients within the basins. In the inner archipelago the dominating exchange process is estuarine circulation, induced by the marked freshwater discharge and the vertical mixing. In the outer and middle archipelagos the density fluctuations due to Ekman pumping along the Baltic boundary interface produce another type of baroclinic process that clearly dominates. Measurements to adequately resolve these density variations do not exist. Missing forcing data are provided by linking the middle archipelago's boundary straits to a 3D-model of the Baltic with a grid resolution of 0.5 nautical miles (n.m.). This fine resolution model (FR-domain) is in turn driven by the atmospheric forcing and the density variation at the rectangular boundary of the FR-domain which acceptably resolves both the interfacial straits and the outer archipelago's complex hypsography. Massive computing resources would be demanded if the FR-domain were extended to comprise the entire Baltic. The FR-domain is thus interfaced with an existing coarse resolution model of the entire Baltic (CR-domain) with a grid size of 5 n.m., the open boundary of which is located in the Kattegat. This 3-fold model set-up has been run for one whole year (1992) with a one-year spin-up time to make up for the lack of initial data. The model concept is at this stage to be regarded as a framework for further development in anticipation of improved formulations, particularly for the strait exchange formulation. Therefore only primary validation experiments and a few sensitivity analyses have been performed.  相似文献   

多种水面类型蒸发的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毛锐  高俊峰 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(4):445-450

分析有水草水面、污水面、受热水面、盐水（盐水）面等特定水面类型的蒸发量，并与清水、淡水对照，求出蒸发比，还计算了太湖地区有水草水面和受热水面的蒸发模型，为确定湖泊的蒸发量提供一新途径，最后建议用水生植物的蒸腾规律来控制水面蒸发，调节水面温度。  相似文献   

南极普里兹湾海域水文特征研究──夏季温、盐分布特征及底层水形成的探讨     

周培强  孙日彦 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(4)

分析普里兹湾及其附近海域温、盐分布特征，提出在艾默里冰架外侧有一片温暖水域。指出：１、变性极大的南极绕极深层水的前沿混合水可以影响到陆架上的南纬６７°左右；２、在两个“ＣＴＤ”探头直达海底的测站，深层观测到了温度为负值、盐度为３４．６７。据此，作者指出该水体属于南极底层水。此外，还对整个海区的跃层现象进行分类，计算了跃层的强度、厚度和深度。  相似文献   

应用卫星遥感影像分析青岛市地下水资源     

冯文珍 《海洋科学》1989,13(3):1-6

本文应用卫星遥感影像解译、研究青岛市线性构造在空间上的分布特征。分析了地下水类型和富水性,圈定了隐状含水层的分布范围,指出了地下水局部富集带的构造部位。  相似文献   

划分变性水团边界的温盐点聚对照法与东海西部海区变性水团的分析     

苏育嵩 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(Z1)

温盐点聚对照法是根据温盐点聚图而确定变性水团边界的一种分析方法。用这种方法分析东海西部海区中的变性水团,可以得到如下结果:在该海区中除四个原型水团之外,还有两个变性水团。具有区域性特征的变性回归线,仅在寒冷季节存在。可以看出,变性交换区与顺时针环流的存在密切相关。提出了检验该海区各变性水团消长变化的模式。最后,描述了混合带与中心渔场位置之间的关系。  相似文献   

舟山渔场及其邻近海域水团的气候学分析   总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23  

张启龙  王凡 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(1):48-54

根据多年(1958—1990)月平均温、盐度资料，采用模糊聚类分析法划分了舟山渔场及其邻近海域的水团，并对该海域水团的配置、主要特性及其季节变异特征进行了气候学分析。结果表明，舟山渔场及其邻近海域共存在4个水团，即江浙沿岸水、台湾暖流表层水、台湾暖流深层水和黄海混合水；全年水团的配置可归纳为冬季型、夏季型和过渡型3种类型；江浙沿岸水的主要特征为低盐，其分布范围和盐度的季节变化与长江入海径流密切相关，而温度的季节变化则主要受太阳辐射的影响；台湾暖流表层水具有高温、次高盐特征，其北伸程度和温、盐特性均具有明显的季节变化，即冬季北伸强、温度低、盐度高，夏季北伸弱、温度高、盐度低；台湾暖流深层水以低温、高盐为主要特征，仅存在于4—9月，其温、盐性质较稳定；黄海混合水的主体不在研究海域。  相似文献   

Long-Term Variability of North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in Response to Spin-Up of the Subtropical Gyre   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tamaki Yasuda  Yoshiteru Kitamura 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(3):279-290

The Meteorological Research Institute's ocean general circulation model (MRI-OGCM) has been used to investigate the temperature variability of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) over a time series longer than 5 years via the spin-up of the subtropical gyre. Besides an interannual variation, the wintertime sea surface temperature in the area where the NPSTMW is formed, and the temperature of the NPSTMW itself, both change remarkably in a >5-year time scale. An analysis of heat budgets showed that the long-term changes in NPSTMW temperature are due mainly to a leading advection of heat by the Kuroshio Extension and compensating surface heat flux. As a result of a dynamical adjustment to the wind stress fields, the transports of the Kuroshio and the Kuroshio Extension increased in the mid 1970s with a lag of 3 years after the wind stress curl in the central North Pacific. The increased heat advection by the Kuroshio Extension induces a warming in the mixed layer in the NPSTMW formation area, followed by a warming of the NPSTMW itself. Both these warming actions increase the heat release to the atmosphere. These results imply that the surface heat flux over the Kuroshio Extension area varies in response to the change in the ocean circulation through the spin-up of the subtropical gyre. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

台湾以北黑潮水与陆架水的混合与交换     

万邦君  郭炳火 《海洋科学进展》1992,(4)

本文根据日本气象厅在台湾以北获得的调查资料及近几年国家海洋局在该海域获得的调查资料,结合卫星图片,分析了夏季和冬季台湾以北海域陆架水与黑潮水的混合与交换过程以及涡旋在水交换过程中所起的作用。结果表明,夏季陆架水从表层向外海方向扩展,与黑潮水进行混合与交换;在陆架底部,黑潮次表层水涌升陆架后与陆架底层水进行混合。冬季由于黑潮表层水大举入侵陆架,低温的陆架水只能沿陆架向南流动,并在台湾西北部转向东沿台湾北岸向东流动,该海域存在的涡旋就象一个旋转泵,在陆架水与黑潮水的混合与交换过程中起了重要的作用。最后,文中还对陆架水与黑潮水的交换量进行了估算。  相似文献   

Sedimentary record of redox-sensitive elements (U, Mn, Mo) in a transitory anoxic basin (the Thau lagoon, France)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Franoise Elbaz-Poulichet  Jean Luc Seidel  Didier Jzquel  Edouard Metzger  Franois Prvot  Caroline Simonucci  Grard Sarazin  Eric Viollier  Henri Etcheber  Jean-Marie Jouanneau  Olivier Weber  Olivier Radakovitch 《Marine Chemistry》2005,95(3-4):271-281

In order to further document the relation between redox conditions and the sedimentary record of Mn, U and Mo in a transitory anoxic water basin, their distribution has been studied along two profiles in the Thau lagoon (France). Sediments and pore-water have been sampled at two contrasting sites located, respectively, in the shellfish-farming area and in the centre of the lagoon. In the shellfish-farming area, the particulate organic carbon (POC) data indicate a more rapid organic matter mineralisation compared to the centre of the lagoon. This results in a sharper redox gradient characterized by the appearance of H₂S in pore-water a few millimetres below the sediment–water interface. In the centre of the lagoon, H₂S appears at a depth of 35 cm.In both cores, sedimentary Mn is relatively depleted through out the whole sedimentary column and varies with the proportion of clay minerals. After an initial release into solution at the sediment–water interface in relation to Mn-oxide reductive dissolution, authigenic U is immobilized when sulphides appear. Despite the occurrence of anoxic conditions at the sediment–water interface at the site influenced by shellfish farming, the burial of U is reduced by bioturbation, which raises reducing sediments to the surface. In the centre of the lagoon, Mo profiles reflect continuous diffusion into pore water and immobilization at 15 cm probably in anoxic microenvironments. At shellfish farms, dissolved Mo undergoes removal with sulphides but contrary to U, sedimentary Mo does not appear to be strongly affected by bioturbation. The profile indicates an increase in the frequency of anoxia crises during the second half of the 20th century.  相似文献   

Laboratory study of wave and turbulence velocities in a broad-banded irregular wave surf zone     

Francis C. K. Ting   《Coastal Engineering》2001,43(3-4)

The characteristics of wave and turbulence velocities created by a broad-banded irregular wave train breaking on a 1:35 slope were studied in a laboratory wave flume. Water particle velocities were measured simultaneously with wave elevations at three cross-shore locations inside the surf zone. The measured data were separated into low-frequency and high-frequency time series using a Fourier filter. The measured velocities were further separated into organized wave-induced velocities and turbulent velocity fluctuations by ensemble averaging. The broad-banded irregular waves created a wide surf zone that was dominated by spilling type breakers. A wave-by-wave analysis was carried out to obtain the probability distributions of individual wave heights, wave periods, peak wave velocities, and wave-averaged turbulent kinetic energies and Reynolds stresses. The results showed that there was a consistent increase in the kurtosis of the vertical velocity distribution from the surface to the bottom. The abnormally large downward velocities were produced by plunging breakers that occurred from time to time. It was found that the mean of the highest one-third wave-averaged turbulent kinetic energy values in the irregular waves was about the same as the time-averaged turbulent kinetic energy in a regular wave with similar deep-water wave height to wavelength ratio. It was also found that the correlation coefficient of the Reynolds stress varied strongly with turbulence intensity. Good correlation between u′ and w′ was obtained when the turbulence intensity was high; the correlation coefficient was about 0.3–0.5. The Reynolds stress correlation coefficient decreased over a wave cycle, and with distance from the water surface. Under the irregular breaking waves, turbulent kinetic energy was transported downward and landward by turbulent velocity fluctuations and wave velocities, and upward and seaward by the undertow. The undertow in the irregular waves was similar in vertical structure but lower in magnitude than in regular waves, and the horizontal velocity profiles under the low-frequency waves were approximately uniform.  相似文献