Diatom-based models for reconstructing past water quality and productivity in New Zealand lakes   总被引：17，自引：12，他引：5  

Michael?ReidEmail author 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,33(1):13-38

The trophic status of lakes in New Zealand is, on average, low compared to more densely populated areas of the globe. Despite this, trends of eutrophication are currently widespread due to recent intensification in agriculture. In order to better identify baseline productivity and establish long-term trends in lake trophic status, diatom-based transfer functions for productivity-related parameters were developed. Water quality data and surface sediment diatom assemblages from 53 lakes across the North and South Islands of New Zealand were analysed to determine species responses to the principal environmental gradients in the data set. Repeat sampling of water chemistry over a 12-month period enabled examination of species responses to annual means as well as means calculated for stratified and mixed periods. Variables found to be most strongly correlated with diatom species distributions were chlorophyll a (Chl a), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), ionic concentration (measured as electrical conductivity (EC)) and pH. These variables were used to develop diatom-based transfer functions using weighted averaging regression and calibration (simple, tolerance down-weighted and with partial least squares algorithm applied). Overall, models derived for stratified means were weaker than those using annual or isothermal means. For specific variables, the models derived for the isothermal mean of EC (WA-tol r²_jack = 0.79; RMSEP = 0.15 log₁₀ S cm^–1),the annual mean of pH (WA r²_jack = 0.72; RMSEP = 0.25 pH units) and the isothermal mean of Chl a (WA r²_jack = 0.71; RMSEP = 0.18 log₁₀ mg m^–3 Chl a) performed best. The models derived for TP were weak in comparison (for the annual mean of TP: WA r²_jack = 0.50; RMSEP = 0.24 log₁₀ mg m^–3 TP) and residuals on estimates for this model were correlated with several other water quality variables, suggesting confounding of species responses to TP concentrations. The model derived for the isothermal mean of DRP was relatively strong (WA-tol r²_jack = 0.78; RMSEP = 0.17 log₁₀ mg m^–3 DRP); however, residual values for this model were also found to be strongly correlated with several other water quality variables. It is concluded that the poor performance of the TP and DRP transfer functions relative to that of the Chl a model reflects the coexistence of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation within the lakes in the data set. In spite of this, the suite of transfer functions developed from the training set is regarded as a valuable addition to palaeolimnological studies in NewZealand.  相似文献   

加权残值法与等角投影数值变换     

李家权  张勤 《地球科学与环境学报》1989,(3)

本文介绍了描述等角投影变换的Dirichlet模型和用加权残值法求解该模型的一般原理和方法,并给出了应用上述方法所获得的某些等角投影变换的数值公式。文章最后指出,由于应用数值方法,有可能形成一门新的学科,即计算地图投影学。  相似文献   

多元统计回归及地理加权回归方法在多尺度人口空间化研究中的应用   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王珂靖  蔡红艳  杨小唤 《地理科学进展》2016,35(12):1494-1505

对统计型人口数据进行格网形式的空间化可更直观地展示人口的空间分布,但不同的人口空间化建模方法和不同的格网尺度在表达人口空间化结果方面存在差异。本文在人口特征分区的基础上,引入DMSP/OLS夜间灯光对城镇用地进行再分类,采用多元统计回归和地理加权回归方法(GWR),开展人口统计数据空间化多尺度模型研究,生成1 km、5 km和10 km等3个尺度的2010年安徽省人口空间数据,并对3个尺度下2个模型结果进行精度评价与比较。结果表明：人口空间数据精度不仅与建模所用方法关系密切,还受到建模格网尺度大小的影响。基于多元统计回归方法的模型估计人口数与实际人口的平均相对误差值随着尺度的增加而降低,而基于GWR方法获得的人口空间数据误差值随着尺度的增加而升高。整体来看,基于GWR方法的1 km研究尺度的人口空间数据平均相对误差最低(22.31%)。区域地形地貌条件与人口空间数据误差有较强的关联,地貌类型复杂的山区人口空间数据误差较大。  相似文献   

Comparative assessment of thematic accuracy of GLC maps for specific applications using existing reference data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

Inputs to various applications and models, current global land cover (GLC) maps are based on different data sources and methods. Therefore, comparing GLC maps is challenging. Statistical comparison of GLC maps is further complicated by the lack of a reference dataset that is suitable for validating multiple maps. This study utilizes the existing Globcover-2005 reference dataset to compare thematic accuracies of three GLC maps for the year 2005 (Globcover, LC-CCI and MODIS). We translated and reinterpreted the LCCS (land cover classification system) classifier information of the reference dataset into the different map legends. The three maps were evaluated for a variety of applications, i.e., general circulation models, dynamic global vegetation models, agriculture assessments, carbon estimation and biodiversity assessments, using weighted accuracy assessment. Based on the impact of land cover confusions on the overall weighted accuracy of the GLC maps, we identified map improvement priorities. Overall accuracies were 70.8 ± 1.4%, 71.4 ± 1.3%, and 61.3 ± 1.5% for LC-CCI, MODIS, and Globcover, respectively. Weighted accuracy assessments produced increased overall accuracies (80–93%) since not all class confusion errors are important for specific applications. As a common denominator for all applications, the classes mixed trees, shrubs, grasses, and cropland were identified as improvement priorities. The results demonstrate the necessity of accounting for dissimilarities in the importance of map classification errors for different user application. To determine the fitness of use of GLC maps, accuracy of GLC maps should be assessed per application; there is no single-figure accuracy estimate expressing map fitness for all purposes.  相似文献   

Spectral mixture analysis to monitor defoliation in mixed-aged Eucalyptus globulus Labill plantations in southern Australia using Landsat5-TM and EO-1Hyperion data     

B. Somers  J. Verbesselt  E.M. Ampe  N. Sims  W.W. Verstraeten  P. Coppin 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010

Defoliation is a key parameter of forest health and is associated with reduced productivity and tree mortality. Assessing the health of forests requires regular observations over large areas. Satellite remote sensing provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional ground-based assessment of forest health, but assessing defoliation can be difficult due to mixed pixels where vegetation cover is low or fragmented. In this study we apply a novel spectral unmixing technique, referred to as weighted Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (wMESMA), to Landsat 5-TM and EO-1 Hyperion data acquired over a Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) plantation in southern Australia. This technique combines an iterative mixture analysis cycle allowing endmembers to vary on a per pixel basis (MESMA) and a weighting algorithm that prioritizes wavebands based on their robustness against endmember variability. Spectral mixture analysis provides an estimate of the physically interpretable canopy cover, which is not necessarily correlated with defoliation in mixed-aged plantations due to natural variation in canopy cover as stands age. There is considerable variability in the degree of defoliation as well as in stand age among sites and in this study we found that results were significantly improved by the inclusion of an age correction algorithm for both the multi-spectral (R²_{no age correction} = 0.55 vs R²_{age correction} = 0.73 for Landsat) and hyperspectral (R²_{no age correction} = 0.12 vs R²_{age correction} = 0.50 for Hyperion) image data. The improved accuracy obtained from Landsat compared to the Hyperion data illustrates the potential of applying SMA techniques for analysis of multi-spectral datasets such as MODIS and SPOT-VEGETATION.  相似文献   

海洋磁力测量中多站地磁日变改正值计算方法研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

边刚  刘雁春  卞光浪  于波 《地球物理学报》2009,52(10):2613-2618

研究了海洋磁力测量多站日变改正值的计算方法,采用多站同步实例分析了加权平均法和函数拟合法在海洋磁力测量地磁日变改正中的应用,探讨了适合海洋磁力测量特点的多站日变改正值计算方法.结论表明：加权平均法和函数拟合法是多站日变改正值计算的有效方法.忽略经度效应的影响,采用纬距加权或纬度坐标拟合,可以改善加权平均法或函数拟合法效果.海洋磁力测量日变站大多建在测区附近的沿岸,导致多个日变站网的图形结构较差,建议采用纬距加权平均法.  相似文献   

基于压缩感知的加权MCA地震数据重构方法          下载免费PDF全文

孙苗苗  李振春  李志娜  李庆洋  李闯  张怀榜 《地球物理学报》2019,62(3):1007-1021

地震数据规则化重构是地震资料处理十分重要的基础性工作.压缩感知理论打破了香农采样定理的制约,利用信号在某个变换域的稀疏特性重构出完整的信号,在地震数据重构领域得到了很好的应用.深反射地震剖面大都布置在地质构造比较复杂的区段,复杂的地质构造使深反射地震剖面上的波阻特征复杂,采用单一稀疏变换不能最有效地表征数据的内部结构特征.MCA(形态成分分析)方法将信号分解为几种形态特征区别明显的分量来逼近数据的内部复杂结构,但是对各成分简单的叠加仍然无法有效地描述复杂构造数据的各种特征.结合两种方法的优点,本文提出了一种新的基于压缩感知的重构算法框架,在MCA方法的基础上对各稀疏字典进行加权,在迭代中不断更新各个稀疏字典的权值系数,对信号内部的各种特征进行最优描述,从而实现对信号的高质量重构.模型测试和实际资料处理结果表明:基于压缩感知的加权MCA方法不仅可以对地质构造复杂的地震数据进行高效的插值重建,而且可以很好的消除空间假频.  相似文献   

台站温度质量控制中IDW算法改进及应用     

王兴  苗春生  江燕如  汪瑶 《气象科技》2014,42(4):605-611

在反距离加权插值算法的基础上,结合气象上温度随高程的变化,以及各测站垂直方向上温度场与气压场的关系,对国内地面气象观测站的温度数据进行插值算法改进。然后,从搜索半径与距离权重系数的关系,以及参与插值站点数量与距离权重系数的关系两个方面进行试验数据分析,试图找出相对最佳的算法参数和最小的插值误差。最后,将改进的算法应用到温度观测数据的质量控制中。结果表明:改进后的算法可明显改善因近地面逆温造成的插值误差,在台站分布较密集的我国中东部地区,温度质量检验的灵敏度可达到1至5摄氏度。  相似文献   

加权最小二乘法与AR组合模型在极移预测中的应用研究     

张昊  王琪洁  朱建军  张晓红 《天文学进展》2011,29(3)

分析了极移预测的重要性,介绍了目前极移预测的主要方法.根据目前常用预测模型中周年项和钱德勒项的时变性质,在极移预测方法上进行了一种新的尝试,即利用加权最小二乘法与AR组合模型对极移进行预测.为进一步优选模型中的加权函数,设计了3种选权方案,并通过对比,给出了极移X、Y序列各自合适的选权方案.通过实验最终验证了这种新方法对极移预测的精度提高有一定作用,可作为极移预测的一种参考方法;但该方法作为极移预测的一种新的尝试,在选权方案优选时,其物理激发上的理论依据仍需进一步探讨.  相似文献   

局部相关加权中值滤波技术及其在叠后随机噪声衰减中的应用   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

刘洋  王典  刘财  冯晅 《地球物理学报》2011,54(2):358-367

随机噪声的衰减和同相轴连续性的提高可以极大地改善地震资料解释的精度.本文提出一种新的滤波技术,既能够有效地衰减随机噪声又可以很好地保护地震资料中的断层等信息不被破坏,增强地震剖面中弯曲、倾斜同相轴的连续性.该方法结合新的加权中值滤波技术和两种构造信息保护滤波策略,实现基于预测数据体和基于倾角走向的加权中值滤波.通过设计...  相似文献